RU2274986C1 - Method for sowing of grass and bushing seeds to create pastures on desert land and cultivation tool for conducting the same - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture and forestry, in particular, desert land phytoamelioration methods.

SUBSTANCE: method involves forming seed channels in surface zone; sowing seeds into said channels; embedding seeds by pressing thereof into soil and forming moisture accumulating depressions; imparting asteroid-shaped section to each of seed channels, said asteroid being described within rectangular coordinate system by equation: X^2/3 + Y^2/3=R^2/3, where X is current coordinate of a point on channel surface in OX axis; Y is current coordinate on channel surface in OY axis; R is radius of circumscribed circle of edges of channel cutting tools. Moisture-accumulating depressions formed as intermittent furrows are provided along lines having different inclination angles in relation to direction of advancement during cutting of seed channels. Depth of intermittent furrows exceeds depth of seed channels by 12-15 times. Tillage tool has ballast reservoir with bottom, frame with longitudinal bars, and cylindrical roller mounted under bars. Cylindrical roller is equipped with local soil and plant cover deforming devices. Roller is further equipped with knives arranged in helical lines with left-handed and right-handed coiling. Local soil and plant cover deforming devices are arranged adjacent to knives, in zone maximally remote therefrom. Each working member of deforming device provides seed channel with asteroid-shaped section.

EFFECT: provision for creating of stable plant agrocenoses with high biological potential, productivity and feeding qualities.

3 cl, 5 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and forestry, in particular to methods of phytomelioration and desertified lands.

A known method of sowing seeds of grass and shrubs on deserted lands, including strip loosening of the soil, the formation of grooves for seeds, sowing seeds and their seeding, in which all the operations of the method are performed sequentially, the loosened strip of soil in a transverse vertical section has the shape of an isosceles triangle, the apex of which lowered down and rounded with a radius of 6 cm, a groove with a square profile for sowing seeds is formed by a depth and width of 2 cm and is located in the surface zone of a loosened strip of soil, sowing seeds in grooves are made intermittently, in sections 10-12 cm long with the same gaps, and their placement is carried out by pressing seeds into the soil with the simultaneous formation of moisture-accumulating recesses (holes) having the shape of an inverted obelisk with a height of 8-10 cm and the smaller side of its small base, equal to 2.5 cm (RU, patent No. 2229784 C1, IPC ⁷ A 01 C 7/00, 5/00, A 01 B 49/06. The method of sowing seeds, herbs and shrubs on desert lands / Yu.M. Zhdanov and L .V.Savina (RU). - Application No. 2003101160/12; Stated January 15, 2003; publ. 06/10/2004, Bull. No. 16 // Inventions. Useful models. - 2004. - No. 16).

The disadvantages of the described method of sowing grass and shrub seeds on deserted lands, which we adopted as the closest analogue, include erosion-hazardous foci in loosened strips, low germination of grass seeds due to the absence of a seed bed over loosened strips, water erosion of the soil along loosened strips, the impossibility of mechanization of the technological process of seeding and crafts of moisture-collecting recesses (holes).

The closest technical solution to the problem of sowing grass and shrub seeds on deserted lands is a tillage implement containing a ballast tank with a bottom, a frame with longitudinal and transverse bars and a cylindrical roller installed under the bars, equipped with local soil and plant cover deformers, in which it is equipped with an installed in front of the roller and under the ballast tank with a two-tier knife connected by hinges and a hydraulic actuator with longitudinal bars of the frame, pneumatic bearings with wheels placed on the bars of the frame behind the roller, the said roller is kinematically connected by leashes to the racks of the bars of the frame, and its axis of rotation is connected to the rods of hydraulic cylinders, the liners of which are pivotally connected to the frame, on the surface of the roller the soil deformers are placed staggered, each of which is made in the form of a convex wedge, with a wide base placed on the surface of the roller, the wedge is formed by two mirror-shaped and mating sidewalls, forming flat parts of axisymmetric knife segments with p burning edges (RU, patent No. 2222128 C1, IPC ⁷ A 01 B 49/02, 13/16. Tillage tool / S.A. Korpushov, V.I. Petrov, AMSaldaev, A.G. Teryukov (RU). - Application No. 2002119316/12; claimed July 17, 2002; publ. 01/27/2004, Bull. No. 3 // Inventions. Useful models. - 2004. - No. 3).

The disadvantages of the described tool, adopted as the closest analogue in terms of technical means for implementing the inventive method, include high energy costs for the process, high erosion hazard and low collection efficiency of rainfall.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The problem to which the invention is directed is the creation of pastures by sowing grass and shrub seeds in local depressions formed in the upper soil layer with a special moisture-collecting profile without preliminary root cultivation.

EFFECT: stable plant agrophytocenoses with high biopotential, productivity and fodder qualities by placing sown seeds in local depressions with the largest amount of soil moisture available and protecting seeds and seedlings from the harmful effects of dry winds and sunlight in the microrelief of the sown strip.

The specified technical result regarding the technology of sowing seeds of grasses and shrubs is achieved by the fact that in the known method of sowing seeds of grasses and shrubs to create pastures on desert lands, including the formation of grooves for seeds in the surface zone, sowing seeds in a groove, seeding them by pressing the seeds into the soil and the formation of moisture-accumulating recesses, according to the invention, each seed groove is shaped into a section of the shape of an astroid, described in the rectangular coordinate system by the equation

X ^2/3 + Y ^2/3 = R ^2/3 ,

where X is the current coordinate of the point on the surface of the groove along the OX axis; Y is the current coordinate of the point on the surface of the groove along the OY axis; R is the radius of the described circumference of the edges of the working elements for making grooves, and the moisture-accumulating recesses in the form of intermittent grooves are made along differently inclined lines to the direction of movement when making grooves for seeds, while the depth of the intermittent grooves is 12-15 times greater than the depth of the grooves for seeds.

The specified technical result in terms of technical means is achieved by the fact that in a known tillage implement containing a ballast tank with a bottom, a frame with longitudinal beams and a cylindrical roller mounted under the bars, provided with local soil and vegetation deformators, the roller is equipped according to the invention with knives placed on helical lines with left and right windings, local deformers of soils and vegetation are placed between the knives in the zone of their maximum removal, with each p Work feedrate element performs deformer groove seed sectional shape of the astroid.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a deserted pasture plot after the formation of grooves for seeds and moisture-accumulating recesses along differently inclined lines to the direction of movement when making grooves for seeds, plan view.

Figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1, a transverse vertical section of a group of moisture-accumulating recesses on the surface of a desertified area.

Figure 3 is a section bB in figure 2, a longitudinally vertical section of a seed groove with curved walls formed by moving a generatrix in the form of a straight line along the guide in the form of a part of an astroid — an ordinary hypocycloid.

Figure 4 - shows a roller equipped with knives placed along helical lines with left and right windings, and local soil and vegetation deformers between the knives in the zone of their maximum removal for making grooves for laying seeds in section, having the shape of an astroid, view from end face.

Figure 5 is a view In figure 4, the same, a view in plan.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

On a site with downed pastures of desert lands in the late autumn or winter, in the absence of snow cover, seeds of cereal grasses and shrubs of local reproduction are sown. The method of sowing seeds of grass, shrubs and shrubs to create pasture on desert lands includes the formation of grooves 1 (see Fig. 1) for laying seeds in the surface zone 2, sowing seeds in a groove 1, seeding them by pressing the seeds into the soil and the formation of moisture-accumulating depressions 3 (see figures 1 and 2). Each groove 1 for laying seeds is shaped into a section of an astroid 4 (see FIG. 3), described in the OXY rectangular coordinate system by the equation

X ^2/3 + Y ^2/3 = R ^2/3

where X is the current coordinate of the point on the surface of the groove along the OX axis; Y is the current coordinate of the point on the surface of the groove along the OY axis; R is the radius of the described circumference of the edges 5 of the working elements 6 (see figure 4 and 5) for crafts grooves 1.

Parametric equation of astroid

X = R · COS ³ U;

Y = R · SIN ³ U,

where U is the angular parameter of the astroid.

An astroid (ordinary hypocycloid) is characterized by the fact that a straight line segment that is tangent to the astroid curve, enclosed between two mutually perpendicular straight lines ОХ and OY (passing through two pairs of opposite starting points), has the same length R.

When the curved surfaces of the grooves 1 are formed, obtained by moving a straight line as the generatrix of the surface along the guide in the form of an astroid line, high stability of the latter from erosion by melt water during rainfall and erosion resistance when dust storms occur. In the lower part of the walls of astroid 4 is formed the seed bed 7 for laying seeds (see figure 3).

From the curved surfaces of the grooves 1, any type of sediment accumulates in the bottom of the seed bed 7. This contributes to the germination of grass and shrub seeds. The depth h _{2 of the} groove 1 does not exceed 1.2-3.0 cm, sufficient for planting seeds of bluegrass and leguminous crops.

Waterlogging recesses 3 in the form of intermittent grooves 8 and 9 are performed along differently inclined lines to the direction of movement when making grooves 1 for laying seeds. The depth h _{1 of the} intermittent furrows 8 and 9 is 12-15 times greater than the depth h _{2 of} grooves 1 for laying seeds of sown grasses and shrubs. The described method with continuous translational motion is carried out by an imprinter in a unit with a caterpillar tractor having a minimum specific pressure of propulsors (wheels) on the surface of the eroded soil of desertified lands.

The tillage implement contains a ballast tank with a bottom, a frame with longitudinal bars and a cylindrical roller 10 installed under the bars (see Figs. 4 and 5). Well-known nodes of technical means in the drawings are not shown. The roller 10 is equipped with local soil and vegetation deformators, which are placed between the knives 11 and 12 in the zone of their maximum removal on the cylindrical surface of the roller 10. Each working element 6 with a protruding edge 5 makes a groove 1 for laying seeds in a section having the shape of an astroid.

The gun works as follows.

In the late fall period after the end of the transhumance period of cattle grazing on pastures, work is being carried out to increase the productivity of natural grass stand.

The working width of an aggregate consisting of a tractor of draft class 3 or 4 and the described tillage implement is in the range of 2.0-2.5 m.This tillage implement is supplemented with seeds of plant communities by continuous strips or by alternating treated and untreated strips. Before work, the ballast tank 1 is filled with bulk material (dolomite gravel, sand, bulk soil). When moving the gun, the roller 10 rolls along the surface of the processed strip. Knives 11 and 12 on the surface of the strip perform intermittent grooves 8 and 9 to intercept rainfall and accumulate them in the local zone in the form of grooves 8 and 9 on the sides of the rhombus. The depth h _{1 of the} furrows 8 and 9 in the range of 0.10-0.18 m is sufficient to replenish the soil reserves of available moisture. On the local area in the form of a rhombus, either one long groove 1 or two short grooves 1 remote from each other 1 is formed by the working elements 6 (see Fig. 1). Formed intermittent grooves 8 and 9 in the surface zone 2 prevent runoff of precipitation and snow water. This contributes to the accumulation of a sufficient supply of moisture for the development of plants. The described technology elements and the design of the tillage implement will create sustainable plant communities on pastures, which will increase their productivity.

Claims (2)

1. The method of sowing seeds of grass and shrubs to create pasture on deserted lands, including the formation of a groove for seeds in the surface zone, sowing seeds in a groove, seeding by pressing seeds into the soil and the formation of moisture-accumulating depressions, characterized in that each groove for laying seeds give in cross section the shape of an astroid, described in the system of rectangular coordinates by the equation: X ^2/3 + Y ^2/3 = R ^2/3 , R is the radius of the described circumference of the edges of the working elements for making grooves, moisture-accumulating recesses in the form of intermittent furrows are performed along differently inclined lines to the direction of movement when making grooves for seeds, while the depth of intermittent grooves is 12-15 times greater than the depth of the grooves for seeds. 2. A tillage implement containing a ballast tank with a bottom, a frame with longitudinal bars and a cylindrical roller mounted under the bars, equipped with local soil and vegetation deformators, characterized in that the roller is equipped with knives placed along helical lines with left and right windings, local deformers soils and vegetation cover are placed between the knives in the zone of their maximum removal, while each working element of the deformer performs a groove for laying seeds, having in section an astro shape dy.

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