RU2268050C1 - Method for treating omphalitis in calves - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary science, animals science.

SUBSTANCE: additionally to antibacterial therapy one should intraperitoneally introduce a single injection of 0.5%-novocaine solution at the dosage of 1 ml/kg body weight at pre-dissolved streptomycin there at the dosage of 300000 U. The innovation suggested enables to shorten terms of sickness due to accelerated elimination of agents.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of therapy.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of veterinary medicine and relates to a method for treating omphalitis in calves.

Omphalitis (Omphalitis) is an inflammation of the umbilical cord. It manifests itself in a locally inflammatory or diffuse metastatic form. It is accompanied by a violation of many metabolic processes in the body of animals. With a locally inflammatory form of omphalitis, the course of the disease usually takes place in a moderately severe and mild form. The prognosis for this form of omphalitis is questionable. With a diffuse metastatic form - often unfavorable.

In sick calves, an oppressed state is observed, the sucking reflex is reduced or absent, constipation, an increase in body temperature by 0.5-1.5 ° C. The base of the umbilical cord of a test consistency, the umbilical cord is thickened, painful, when probing the abdominal wall, the calves beat their hooves on their stomach. Muscle tremors are sometimes observed. With the development of the disease, the umbilical cord thickens and becomes dirty, exudate is released from its opening. Before death, a sick calf has frequent excrement of feces and a lowered body temperature - up to 36.5 ° С. /12/.

A known method of treating omphalitis in calves by intramuscular injection of streptomycin (20 thousand units per 1 kg of body weight) with penicillin (10 thousand units per 1 kg of body weight) three times a day. It is also recommended to use bicillin-3 (20 thousand units per 1 kg of body weight) once every three days, terramycin or tetracycline (15-20 thousand units per 1 kg of body weight) 3 times a day intramuscularly / 2 /.

However, this method has low therapeutic efficacy, because does not include pathogenetic treatment, does not relieve pain, does not increase the body's resistance. In addition, antibiotics are not without toxicity, they act not only on pathogenic microflora, but also on microbes that are beneficial for the body.

There is also a method of treating omphalitis by injection into the umbilical vein 200-500 thousand units. streptomycin sulfate or penicillin diluted in 1-2 ml. 0.5% solution of novocaine / 3 /.

However, when applying this method, high therapeutic efficacy is not always achieved. The method is difficult to implement in practice, since it involves fixing the calf on the right side or in the dorsal position, complications in the form of peritonitis are possible - due to trauma to the loops of the small intestine, puncture of both umbilical vessels.

The closest in essence to the claimed technical solution is a method of treating omphalitis - introducing into the thickness of the abdominal wall with 4-5 injections around the navel 500-1000 thousand units of streptomycin dissolved in 20-40 ml of a 0.25% solution of novocaine. If necessary, such treatment is repeated on the second and subsequent days. Simultaneously with the local conduct general treatment with antibiotics or sulfonamides / 4 /.

The disadvantage of this method is that it is more time-consuming, causes a painful reaction in calves with repeated administration of large doses of novocaine, which often leads to injury to the surrounding tissue and breaking of needles.

Another disadvantage of this method is that it is necessary to prepare a 0.25% solution of novocaine (factory-produced novocaine of this concentration is not produced and the period of use is 1-3 days).

The technical result of the invention is to increase the effectiveness of treatment of omphalitis in calves, reducing its complexity.

The technical result is achieved by intramuscular administration of antibiotics with a single intraperitoneal injection of a solution of novocaine at a dose of 1 ml / kg body weight.

The method is as follows.

Calves are injected intramuscularly with titrated antibiotics within 5-7 days - streptomycin with penicillin or gentamicin (i.e., any antibiotic fed) and additionally 300,000 units of streptomycin dissolved in a 0.5% solution of novocaine are once intraperitoneally injected into the right hungry fossa at a dose of 1 ml / kg body weight.

In this case, the calf is fixed in a standing position, in the middle of the upper third of the right hungry fossa, the hair is cut out and the skin is smeared with tincture of iodine. A warm (38-40 ° C) 0.5% solution of novocaine is calculated at a rate of 1 ml / kg of animal body weight in a sterile syringe, and 300 thousand units of streptomycin are dissolved in it. 2-3 cm from the end of the transverse process of the 3rd or 4th lumbar vertebra towards the left knee pierce the abdominal wall with a needle, attach a syringe and slowly inject the solution into the abdominal cavity. After injection of the solution, the abdominal wall is slightly pressed near the puncture site and the needle is removed, and the puncture site is smeared with tincture of iodine.

Treatment of omphalitis in calves using the proposed method was carried out in AOZT "Village dawns" of the Ramonsky district of the Voronezh region in 1998 on 52 calves; in the SEC "Liskinsky" of the Liskinsky district of the Voronezh region in 2002-2004 on 487 calves; in FGUPUPZ "Kirovsky" of the Novousmansky district of the Voronezh region in 2003-2004 on 84 calves. The experiments showed the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method. Data analysis in the scientific, technical and patent literature did not reveal a method for the treatment of omphalitis in the proposed scheme.

The essence of the method is illustrated by examples.

Example 1

The rationale for intraperitoneal administration.

Clinically healthy calves were intraperitoneally injected with a 0.5% solution of novocaine at a dose of 1 ml / kg body weight. Before the introduction of novocaine and 6 hours after taking blood for hematological studies. The results of the experiment are presented in table 1.

Table 1 The rationale for the intraperitoneal administration of novocaine. No. / p.p. Indicator Before the introduction of novocaine After administration of novocaine one Red blood cells, 10 ¹² / l 6.88 ± 0.24 7.99 ± 0.41 * 2 White blood cells, 10 ⁹ / L 7.39 ± 0.1 12.2 ± 0.38 * 3 Hemoglobin, g / l 106.9 ± 2.22 107.0 ± 2.17 Note * - (P <0.001)

The table shows that the intraperitoneal injection of a 0.5% solution of novocaine at a dose of 1 ml / kg body weight led to an increase in the number of red blood cells by 16.3% (P <0.001), white blood cells by 65.3% (P <0.001). The hemoglobin concentration did not change.

The introduction of novocaine into the abdominal cavity also led to an increase in the number of lymphocytes by 41.7% (P <0.001), which, combined with an increase in the number of red blood cells, indicates an increase in the activity of hematopoiesis organs.

Example 2

Justification of the dose of novocaine.

In a long-term disease-deficient omphalitis farm, 36 calves of 3-10 days old with obvious clinical signs of omphalitis were selected, which were divided into three equal groups of 12 animals each. Calves of all groups were injected intramuscularly with gentamicin at a dose of 1.5 ml / kg body weight 3 times a day for 5 days. At the same time, on the first day of treatment, a 0.5% solution of novocaine was intraperitoneally administered. The calves of the first group received novocaine at a dose of 0.5 ml / kg body weight, the second group at a dose of 1 ml / kg body weight, and the third at a dose of 1.5 ml / kg body weight.

The animals were under clinical observation for 10 days, taking into account appetite, sucking reflex, determining body temperature, heart rate and respiratory movements, palpating the umbilicus, determining its pain, consistency, taking into account the duration of the disease, mortality, and the number of recovered animals. The results of the experiment are presented in table 2.

table 2 Justification of a dose of novocaine Indicators Calf groups one 2 3 Number of calves
goals (%) 12 (100) 12 (100) 12 (100) The calves have recovered
goals (%) 11 (91.7) 12 (100) 10 (88.3) Average
duration
illness, day 5.8 4,5 6.2

As can be seen from table 2, the optimal dose of novocaine for the treatment of omphalitis in calves is 1 ml / kg of body weight. With a decrease or increase in the dose of novocaine, administered intramuscularly in conjunction with the intramuscular injection of gentamicin, therapeutic efficacy decreases.

Example 3

Justification of the concentration of novocaine.

In a long-term disease-deficient omphalitis farm, 63 calves of 2-10 days old with obvious clinical signs of omphalitis were selected, which were divided into 3 equal groups of 12 animals each. The calves of all three groups were intramuscularly injected with gentamicin at a dose of 1.5 mg / kg body weight 3 times a day for 5 days. At the same time, on the first day of treatment, novocaine was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 1 ml / kg body weight. The calves of the first group were injected with a 0.25% solution of novocaine, the second - 0.5%, the third - 1%. The results were taken into account according to the method described in example 2. The results of the experiment are presented in table 3.

Table 3 Justification of the concentration of novocaine. Indicators Calf groups one 2 3 Number of calves
goals (%) 12 (100) 12 (100) 12 (100) The calves have recovered
goals (%) 11 (91.7) 12 (100) 11 (83.3) Average
duration
illness, day 5.5 4.2 6.0

The results of the experiment showed that the optimal concentration of novocaine for the treatment of omphalitis in calves is 0.5%. With a change in concentration in the direction of increase or decrease, therapeutic effectiveness decreases.

Example 4

Justification of effectiveness.

In a long-term disease-deficient omphalitis farm, 96 calves of 2-8 days old with obvious clinical signs of omphalitis were selected, which were divided into 3 groups. The first group included 40 calves, the second 38, and the third 18 calves.

The calves of the first group were treated by the claimed method - gentamicin was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 1.5 mg / kg body weight 3 times a day for 5 days. At the same time, on the first day of treatment, a 0.5% solution of novocaine was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 1 ml / kg body weight with 300,000 units of streptomycin. The calves of the second group were also intramuscularly injected with a dose of 1.5 mg / kg body weight 3 times a day for 5 days and an additional 500 thousand units of streptomycin dissolved in 40 ml of a 0.25% solution of novocaine, the introduction was carried out by 4- x injections around the navel daily for 5 days. Calves of the third group were treated according to the scheme of the first, excluding intraperitoneal administration of novocaine. The results were taken into account according to the method described in example 2.

The results are presented in table 4.

Table 4 The effectiveness of the treatment of omphalitis using the proposed method and the known. Indicators Calf groups one 2 3 The number of calves, goals (%) 40 (100) 38 (100) 18 (100) Healed calves, goals (%) 39 (97.5) 36 (94.7) 12 (66.7) Therapeutic efficacy,% 97.5 94.7 66.7 The average duration of the disease, day 6.2 6.8 8.3

As can be seen from table 4, the therapeutic efficacy of the proposed method is 97.5%, analogue - 94.7%, accepted in the farm - 66.7%.

The average duration of the disease was 6.2; 6.8; 8.3 days, respectively.

The results of studies conducted in the conditions of farms long-term dysfunctional incidence of omphalitis, confirmed the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method. The application of the proposed method provides an increase in nonspecific resistance of the body and can significantly increase the effectiveness of treatment of omphalitis in calves.

Information sources

1. Girin V.A. Classification of purulent omphalitis in calves // f. Veterinary Medicine, 1982, No. 2. - S.64-65.

2. Akatov V.A., Kononov G.A., Pospelov A.N. Veterinary obstetrics and gynecology. / Ed. prof. Kononova G.A. - Leningrad: "Kolos" (Leningrad. Oteniye), 1977. - P. 415-416.

3. Girin V.A. Omphalovascular function in calves // f. Veterinary Medicine, 1990, No. 1. - S.50-51.

4. Veterinary obstetrics and gynecology / Studentsov A.P., Shepilov B.C., Subbotina L.G., Preobrazhensky O.N. / Ed. Shepilova B.C. 5th ed. corrected and extra. - M .: "Kolos", 1980. - S.287-283.

Claims (1)

A method of treating omphalitis in calves, comprising administering antibiotics, characterized in that an additional 0.5% solution of novocaine at a dose of 1 ml / kg body weight with streptomycin previously dissolved in it at a dose of 300,000 units is additionally injected intraperitoneally into the right hungry fossa.