RU2440160C2 - Method of increasing natural resistance of hypotrophic calves - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to field of veterinary. In hypotrophic calves puncture of jugular vein is performed with needle which has light guide in it. Light guide is switched to laser irradiating head for intravenous blood irradiation with wavelength 0.63 mcm and power 1.5 mW. Procedure is carried out during 5 minutes one time per day, with one-day interval, five times.

EFFECT: application of method increases natural resistance of hypotrophic calves efficiently and in a safe way.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of veterinary medicine, and in particular to a method for increasing the natural resistance of hypotrophic calves.

If the uterine livestock is defective or poorly fed during pregnancy, these animals develop a metabolic pathology that leads to a violation of the morphofunctional development of the fetus. As a result, underdeveloped offspring - hypotrophy - are born. Hypotrophic calves are distinguished by morphological and functional underdevelopment of various organs and their systems. Such animals have a weight of 1.5-2 times lower than their peers. In such calves, in addition to reducing the concentration of hemoglobin and erythrocytes, blood plasma proteins, disorders of water-electrolyte metabolism, impaired neuroendocrine regulation, the immunobiological reactivity of the body and its resistance to infectious diseases are sharply reduced [1]. With hypotrophy, the protective function of the skin and mucous membranes is reduced, the barrier role of lymph nodes, the activity of the system of phagocytic micro- and macrophages, substances that have a bactericidal and antiviral effect - properdine, lysozyme, complement, interferon [2]. As a result, hypothrophic calves easily develop diseases of the respiratory system and the gastrointestinal tract, even those caused by opportunistic microorganisms.

Currently, methods are known to increase the natural resistance of hypotrophic calves through the use of various chemotherapeutic drugs (thymogen, phosprenyl, mixopheron, etc.). Based on studies on calves of different physiological maturity, it was found that the parenteral use of thymogen in case of malnutrition contributes to the restoration of structural and morphological parameters of the body, including immunoreactivity and activation of growth energy [3]. Mixoferon has the ability to stimulate the immune processes and activity of immunocompetent cells, as well as increase the non-specific resistance of the animal organism. 5-10 doses of the drug are administered to calves older than 20 days [4]. It was also established that the drug phosprenyl can be used to increase natural resistance and weight gain in young cattle (especially "lagging behind"). The first administration was carried out on the 2nd day of life (2 doses), then once every 10 days before weaning, one dose [5, 6].

The use of immunostimulants in combination with vitamin complexes (Tetrahydrovit) and preparations containing trace elements (Sedimin) is known [7, 8, 9].

The disadvantages of these methods is the high cost of the achieved immunostimulation. In addition, foreign chemicals are introduced into the body of hypothrophic calves, which, due to the insufficient development of body tissue cells, are difficult to metabolize and subsequently excrete from the body.

In humane medicine, an intravenous laser blood irradiation (VLOK) method is known through the saphenous vein of the forearm. Its positive effect on increasing the level of nonspecific reactivity of the organism has been established. Moreover, the impact on the patient’s body is carried out only through venous blood [10]. There is no data on any effect of intravenous low-intensity laser irradiation of blood, including immunological, on the body of exhausted people (hypotrophic or dystrophic), with a lack of body weight and incompletely formed body systems, in the early postnatal and subsequent periods of life.

In veterinary medicine, a method has been patented for stimulating hematopoiesis in animals using an infrared diode laser in a pulse-periodic mode with a wavelength of 970 nm. Laser energy was delivered by contact through perforations in the epiphyses of the bones of the chest and pelvic limbs. This caused an increase in the number of leukocytes, erythrocytes, as well as the amount of hemoglobin in the blood of dogs [11].

The disadvantage of this method is the increased invasiveness and invasiveness of the method associated with osteoperforation of the bones of the chest and pelvic limbs of the animal. In addition, the operation of osteoperforation is carried out under general anesthesia, the introduction of which adversely affects the brain of the animal.

There is a method of increasing the natural resistance of the organism of pregnant cows by laser irradiation of the spine, thymus, breast and sternum with STP-8 for 5 minutes 10 sessions with an interval of 3 days and by exposure to 4 biologically active points with STP-6 for 2 minutes for each 7 sessions with an interval of 3 days [12].

The disadvantage of this method is the difficulty of finding biologically active points, the location of which on the animal’s body can also have some individual characteristics. With this method, the doses and time of exposure to STP-6 and STP-8 laser devices to increase the natural resistance of the calf organism are not described.

The closest technical solution is extracorporeal laser irradiation of pig blood. Using this method, the effect of laser radiation on the morphological, biochemical, and cytochemical composition of pig blood was studied upon irradiation in vitro, followed by parenteral administration of already irradiated blood into the pig body. At the same time, an increase in the gamma-globulin fraction of the protein, lysozyme titer, its activity and amount in blood plasma was noted, an increase in the average cytochemical coefficient of neutrophil myeloperoxidase was established, which indicates granulocyte activation. In the study of nonspecific resistance of the body, a number of significant changes were revealed on the part of humoral defense factors (lysozyme), phagocytic activity and enzymatic-energy systems (myeloperoxidase, glycogen) that provide it [13].

The disadvantage of this method is that it is difficult to perform in a production environment. To perform the method, an installation with replaceable sterile cuvettes in which blood will be irradiated is necessary. When implementing this method under production conditions, it is difficult to observe aseptic and antiseptic measures, since the blood must be aspirated from the pig’s body, irradiated under sterile conditions and administered parenterally at a dose of 0.5 ml / kg. In addition, the method is not effective enough due to the fact that a limited number of blood cells are irradiated. Example: with a pig mass of 50 kg, 25 ml of blood must be removed, irradiated and reintroduced into the body. This amount is only 1/92 of the total blood volume of the pig, which in these animals is equal to 4.6% of body weight.

The technical result of the invention is to simplify the method of increasing the natural resistance of hypotrophic calves, increasing its invasive safety for animals, as well as increasing its effectiveness.

The specified technical result is achieved by direct intravenous laser irradiation of blood of hypotrophic calves using a laser therapeutic apparatus, a laser emitting head for intravenous irradiation of blood with a wavelength of 0.63 μm (red spectrum) and a disposable sterile fiber with a needle.

The method is as follows. In hypothrophic calves, a jugular vein is punctured with a needle with a fiber located in it, connected to a laser emitting head for intravenous irradiation of blood with a wavelength of 0.63 μm and a power of 1.5 mW. The procedure is carried out for 5 minutes once a day with an interval every other day five times.

To obtain a positive effect from the laser effect exerted on the body of an incompletely formed animal (calf hypotrophic), it is not enough to exert influence only through venous blood. A more comprehensive exposure method is needed. In the proposed method, the fiber is inserted into the jugular vein. At the same time, the effect on the animal’s body is not only through venous blood, but also morphological formations located next to the jugular vein, since laser rays penetrate the surrounding tissues to a considerable depth of up to 4 centimeters. As a result, simultaneously with venous blood, such physiologically and immunologically active morphological structures are irradiated:

1) arterial blood flowing in the carotid artery;

2) lymph flowing in the tracheal lymphatic trunk;

3) the cervical part of the thymus - an organ of immunogenesis, in addition, also regulating carbohydrate, calcium metabolism and growth processes;

4) a vagosympathetic trunk, which includes the sympathetic fibers of the autonomic nervous system and the fibers of the vagus nerve; along their fibers are signals that take part in controlling the work of all the basic systems of the body, including blood-forming organs and immune defense;

5) cervical spinal nerves; through the ascending fibers of the spinal nerves, the effect is on the sensitive nuclei of the medulla oblongata, in which various centers are located that regulate the vital activity of the body, in addition, it carries out a conduction function for impulses going to the cortex, diencephalon, midbrain, cerebellum and spinal cord.

The proposed method for increasing the natural resistance of hypotrophic calves compares favorably with known methods in that for the first time in veterinary medicine it was used intravenously low-intensity laser irradiation of blood of hypotrophic calves with a wavelength of 0.63 μm (red spectrum) for 5 minutes once a day with every other day in the amount of 5 sessions. During the VLOK session, arterial blood, lymph, cervical nerves, vagosympathetic trunk, thymus and thyroid are irradiated simultaneously with venous blood. At the same time, no foreign substances are introduced into the animal’s body, which are difficult to metabolize and remove from the body to cells of underdeveloped organs. Blood cells directly receive additional energy from a laser emitter, which increases their activity. The complete blood circulation time of all mammalian animals is equal to the time of 27 cardiac cycles. The calf’s heart cycle is 0.75 seconds (60 seconds: 80 beats per minute). In this case, the complete blood circulation time will be equal to 20.25 seconds (27 cycles × 0.75 seconds). Thus, unlike the prototype, in 5 minutes all the blood of the body will undergo laser irradiation 14.8 times.

The proposed method successfully eliminates the disadvantages of the currently used methods of increasing the natural resistance of calves hypotrophic. The method is simple to perform, effective, allows you to fully comply with the rules of asepsis and antiseptics, while no foreign substances are introduced into the body of the animal.

The application of this method provides a significant increase in the natural resistance of hypotrophic calves after the first intravenous laser irradiation of blood. In addition, the implementation of the proposed method is less time consuming than taken as the basis of the prototype, and provides a real opportunity to comply with the rules of aseptic and antiseptic when applied in a production environment.

The novelty of the method lies in the fact that for the first time in veterinary practice, to increase the natural resistance of hypotrophic calves, laser radiation with a wavelength of 0.63 μm was delivered directly to the bloodstream when the jugular vein was punctured using a disposable sterile fiber with a needle.

All of the above allows us to conclude that the proposed method includes not only the parameters of laser radiation, but also an impact site of no less importance. In our case, this extends the positive effect of laser radiation through its additional effect on the neuroendocrine system and the directly immunocompetent organ - the thymus.

Example.

The effectiveness of the method is confirmed by scientific research. The experiment was conducted at the Novonikolskoye Agrofirm OJSC of the Dankovsky District of the Lipetsk Region. The experiment involved calves of 30 days of age with severe hypotrophy, divided by the principle of paired analogues into three groups: 1 - experimental (n = 10), 2 - experimental (n = 10) and 3 - control (n = 10).

Calves of 1 experimental group were alternately fixed. The skin at the site of the proposed puncture of the jugular vein was treated with 70% alcohol. In calves-hypotrophs, a jugular vein was punctured with a needle with a fiber located in it, connected to a laser emitting head for intravenous irradiation of blood with a wavelength of 0.63 μm and a power of 1.5 mW. The procedure was carried out for 5 minutes once a day with an interval every other day five times.

Calves 2 of the experimental group used the treatment regimen used to stimulate the body functions of hypotrophic calves in this farm. At the same time, the complex preparation Tetrahydrovit, which includes vitamins A, D, E and C, was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 4 ml per animal once every 7 days, B ₁₂ (500 μg) intravenously at a dose of 1 ml with 40% glucose solution 30 ml 1 time per day for 10 days, Sedimin, which includes Fe, Se, I, intramuscularly at a dose of 5 ml once, Timogen intramuscularly at a dose of 1 ml 1 time per day for 7 days.

On calves, 3 groups served as control. They did not have any effect.

A general and biochemical blood test was performed a day after each laser blood irradiation and immediately before the next irradiation, and then 7 days after the last irradiation. As a result of the experiments, the following results were obtained, the processing of which took into account the significance level (P), which was calculated using Student's criterion. The significance level (P) for each studied blood indicator at the beginning of the study was <0.05, which indicated the absence of significant differences between the studied groups of animals. During the experiments, the significance level (P) of the blood indices, which are indicated in the figures, changed and became <0.001.

In animals in the first experimental group, by the 5th irradiation session, a decrease in ESR was observed within the physiological norm from 1.35 mm / hour to 0.55 mm / hour, which indicates an improvement in the rheological properties of blood. When studying ESR, 7 days after the last exposure, this indicator increased to 0.7 mm / h. In animals in the second experimental group, a decrease in ESR was observed within the physiological norm from 1.35 mm / hour to 1.05 mm / hour. In animals of the control group, 1.35 and 1.45 mm / hour, respectively, remained unchanged (Fig. 1).

The number of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the blood of animals in the first and second experimental and control groups did not significantly change. The number of red blood cells in the animals of the first experimental group was 6.06 × 10 ¹² / L at the beginning of the experiment and 6.19 × 10 ¹² / L at the end. In animals of the second experimental 6.1 × 10 ¹² / l and 6.15 × 10 ¹² / l, respectively. In animals of the control group, 6.13 × 10 ¹² / L and 6.12 × 10 ¹² / L, respectively. The amount of hemoglobin in the blood in animals of the first experimental group was 106.2 g / l at the beginning of the experiment and 107.1 g / l at the end. In animals of the second experimental group, 105.5 g / l and 106.3 g / l, respectively. In animals of the control group, 105.1 g / l and 105.0 g / l, respectively.

The number of leukocytes in the blood of animals of the first experimental group increased to the lower limit of the physiological norm from 6.29 × 10 ⁹ / L to 8.39 × 10 ⁹ / L (an average of 33%). The number of leukocytes in the blood of animals of the second experimental group increased slightly from 6.45 × 10 ⁹ / L to 7.00 × 10 ⁹ / L (by 8.5%). Whereas in animals of the control group, the total number of leukocytes in the blood did not change and remained within 6.63 × 10 ⁹ / L. 7 days after the last laser irradiation of blood, there was only a slight tendency to decrease the total number of leukocytes in the blood of animals of the experimental group to 8.295 × 10 ⁹ / L (figure 2).

The leukocyte formula of the background study of animals of the control and experimental groups fits into the average physiological norm for calves of 30 days of age, with the exception of monocytes, the level of which was 3 times higher.

Subsequently, after laser irradiation of blood, the leukocyte count in animals of the first experimental group changed. The number of monocytes decreased by 2 times, the number of stab and segmented neutrophils became 1% and 4% less than the lower physiological border, the number of lymphocytes increased to the upper physiological border. In animals of the second experimental and control group, no significant changes in the leukocyte formula were observed during the experiment.

The phagocytic activity of neutrophils in animals of the first experimental group increased from 45.2% to 55% (by 9.8%) by the 5th session of irradiation, and 7 days after it, to 56.4% (by 11.2%). In animals of the second experimental group, the phagocytic activity of neutrophils increased from 45.5% to 48.9% (3.4%). Whereas in animals of the control group, the phagocytic activity of neutrophils did not change and remained within 46% with an average physiological norm of 52% (Fig. 3).

The lysozyme activity of blood serum in animals of the first experimental group increased from 17.6% to 24.7% (by 7.1%) by the 5th session of irradiation, and 7 days after it, to 24.9% (by 7.3%) . In animals of the second experimental group, lysozyme activity increased from 17.5% to 19.6% (2.1%). Whereas in animals of the control group, lysozyme activity did not change and remained within 17.7% with an average physiological norm of 25% (Fig. 4).

The amount of total protein in blood serum in animals of the experimental group increased from 55.5 g / l to 57.6 g / l (3.8%) by the 5th session of irradiation, and 7 days after it, to 58.4 g / l (by 5.2%). In animals of the second experimental group from 53.2 g / l to 54.9 g / l (3.2%). Whereas in animals in the control group, the indicators of total protein and protein fractions did not significantly change and remained within 52.9 g / l (physiological norm for monthly calves (50.7-67.7 g / l)) (figure 5) .

The increase in the amount of total protein in animals in the first experimental group was due to an increase in the protein fractions of α-globulins (from 3.8 g / l to 6.0 g / l by the 5th session and to 6.5 g / l 7 days after it ) and γ-globulins (from 7.1 g / l to 9.7 g / l by the 5th session and up to 10.2 g / l 7 days after it). The increase in the amount of total protein in animals of the second experimental group also occurred due to an increase in the protein fractions of α-globulins (from 3.6 g / l to 4.0 g / l) and γ-globulins (from 7.0 g / l to 7, 6 g / l) (Fig.6, 7).

The blood content of animals of the experimental and control groups AsAt, AlAt, bilirubin, cholesterol, glucose, lactic acid, urea, creatinine, trace elements (P, Ca, Fe) did not change significantly during the experiment.

Based on the data presented above in the figures, it can be seen that intravenous low-intensity laser irradiation of blood in the jugular vein region increased the level of nonspecific protection and had a pronounced stimulating effect on the animal organism.

Based on the foregoing, it should be concluded that with the help of our invention the possibilities of veterinary specialists have been expanded to increase the natural resistance of hypotrophic calves.

The proposed method of increasing the natural resistance of hypotrophic calves by directly introducing low-intensity laser irradiation of blood with a wavelength of 0.63 μm using a disposable sterile fiber with a needle was first used in veterinary medicine.

Based on the data obtained as a result of our research on a method of increasing the natural resistance of hypotrophic calves, we can conclude that the method:

1. Easy to use, since manipulation of puncture of the jugular vein can be performed by any veterinarian.

2. Non-invasive, since during the experiment and after it, no complications were revealed in animals.

3. Effective, which is confirmed by the above morpho-biochemical blood parameters of animals.

Literature

1. Internal non-communicable diseases of farm animals / B.M. Anokhin et al. Ed. V.M.Danilevsky. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1991 .-- 575 p.

2. Boyarentsev L.E. Immunomodulatory activity of ligaverin in calf hypotrophy / L.E. Boyarentsev // Veterinary Medicine. - 2002. - No. 9. - S. 41-44.

3. Lyutinsky S.I. Peptide bioregulators in the treatment of malnutrition of young animals of different species / S.I. Lyutinsky // Thesis. doc. scientific conf. professorship composition, scientific employees and post-graduate students of the Leningrad State University "Actual problems of veterinary medicine". - L., 1991 .-- P.47.

4. Grigoryan A.A. Schemes of the use of mixoferon in the treatment of calves / A.A. Grigoryan, V.N. Prokhorov // Veterinary 1996. - No. 2. - S.9-11.

5. RU 2177788 C2, 03/10/2000.

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7. Recommendations. A scientifically based system for producing healthy young animals and for the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases of newborn calves. Reviewed by the Bureau of the Department of Veterinary Medicine of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences 06/26/2002

8. Instruction for the use of tetrahydrovit. Registration number PVR-2-0,2 / 01061.

9. Temporary guidance on the use of Sedimin. Approved by the Veterinary Department on 02/06/2003.

10. Geynits A.V., Moskvin S.V., Azizov G.A. Intravenous laser irradiation of blood. - Tver, 2006 .-- 144 p.

11. RU 2290231 C1, 12/27/2006.

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11. Izdepolsky V.I. The use of laser-activated blood for purulent arthritis / V.I. Izdepolsky // Veterinary medicine. - 1990. - No. 6. - S.50-52.

Claims (1)

A method of increasing the natural resistance of hypotrophic calves, during which a jugular vein is punctured with a needle with a fiber located in it, connected to a laser emitting head for intravenous irradiation of blood with a wavelength of 0.63 microns and a power of 1.5 mW; the procedure is carried out for 5 min once a day with an interval every other day, five times.

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