RU2267897C1 - Seeding unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, seeding units for single seed drills.

SUBSTANCE: seeding unit has seed box, conveyor provided with cells and mounted at seed box bottom, active guides and baffle. Drive run of conveyor running over drive, bypass and tension drums has portion inclined to horizontal plane, and vertical portion. Baffle is made in the form of brush-type drum and is mounted near vertical portion, rearward of bypass drum. Baffle is provided with movable cutoff device, which is secured at an angle to horizontal plane, on seed box rear wall. Active guides formed as flexible rods are fixed on seed box front wall, in parallel with inclined portion of conveyor drive run. Brush-type drum of baffle and drive drum of conveyor are kinematically connected through synchronizing transmission. Drive drum of conveyor is disposed above seed guide. Surfaces of drive, bypass and tension drums are reinforced with friction material.

EFFECT: increased efficiency owing to uniform single-seed discharge of seeds from seed box and feeding thereof into seed guide.

5 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to sowing devices for single-grain sowing.

Known sowing apparatus, comprising a horizontally located mesh disk with a seed reflector, in which, in order to reduce damage to the seeds during sowing, the seed reflector is made in the form of a cylindrical brush with an axis of rotation perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the disk, closed by a casing in the inoperative zone, in order to drive the brush into rotation the disk is provided with holes in which the sprocket teeth enter, which mesh with the sprocket attached to the brush; in order to clean the brush from dirt, a comb is installed on its casing (SU, copyright certificate No. 375046. M. cl. A 01 C 7/16. Sowing apparatus / P.Ya. Lobachevsky and P.M. Bondarenko (USSR). - Application No. 1380525 / 30-15. Announced on 11/28/1969. Publish. 03/23/1973. Bull. No. 16 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1973. - No. 16).

The disadvantages of this metering device include poor filling of the disc cells.

The closest analogue to the claimed object includes a sowing apparatus, including a seed box, at the bottom of which a sowing conveyor is mounted, having cells, active guides and a reflector, in which the cells and active guides are placed in inserts fixed in plates and mounted on a tape equipped with a gear drive track orienting fingers are installed above active guides on leashes of various lengths; orientation fingers and active guides are installed with a gap of not more than 0.5 mm; the supports of the sowing conveyor are made in the form of plates (RU, patent No. 2227385. C1 MPK ⁷ A 01 C 7/16. Sowing apparatus / Karpunin V.V., Zvolinsky V.P., Tseplyaev A.N. et al. (RU) - Application No. 2003107031/12. Declared March 13, 2003. Published on April 27, 2004. Bull. No. 12 // Inventions and utility models. - 2004. - No. 12).

The disadvantages of the described metering apparatus include unjustified complication of the design, low operational reliability, poor filling of the cells, uneven removal of seeds from the seed box.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to ensure accuracy of sowing without mechanical damage to the seeds while feeding them to the coulter to form a compact (group) nest.

The technical result is an increase in productivity and technological reliability of crops of row crops.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known metering device, including a seed box, at the bottom of which a conveyor is mounted, having cells, active guides and a reflector, according to the invention, the leading branch of the conveyor located on the drive, bypass and tension drums has an inclined towards the horizontal and vertical sections, the bottom of the seed box is placed above the inclined section, the reflector in the form of a brush drum is mounted behind the vertical section, behind the bypass drum and equipped with To move the cutter, fixed at an angle to the horizontal to the back wall of the seed box, active guides in the form of elastic rods are mounted on the front wall of the seed box parallel to the inclined section of the leading branch of the conveyor.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which schematically shows a longitudinally vertical section of a sowing apparatus.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The sowing apparatus includes a seed box 1, on the bottom of which a conveyor 2 is mounted. The conveyor 2 on the working surface has cells for the size of the sown seeds. Conveyor 2 is removable. The cells on the working surface of the conveyor 2 are placed in rows corresponding to the number of seeds in the nest. Material conveyor 2 - technical rubber or low pressure polyethylene. The apparatus is equipped with active guides 3 and a reflector 4. The conveyor 2 is placed on the lead 5, bypass 6 and tension 7 drums. The leading branch 8 of the conveyor 2 has a section 9 inclined to the horizon and a vertical section 10.

The surface of the drive, bypass and tension drums 5, 6 and 7 are reinforced with friction material 11. The drive drum 5 of the conveyor 2 is mounted above the seed tube 12. The guides 13 of the elastic elements 14 of the tension drum 7 are parallel to the inclined section 9 of the drive branch 8 of the conveyor 2.

The bottom of the seed box 1 is placed above the horizon inclined to the horizon 9. The reflector 4 in the form of a brush drum is mounted behind the vertical section 10 of the conveyor 2 behind the bypass drum 6. It is equipped with a cutter 15 that can be moved. The cutter 15 is mounted at an angle to the horizontal on the back wall 16 of the seed box 1. The brush drum of the reflector 4 and the drive drum 5 of the drive of the conveyor 2 are kinematically connected by a synchronizing gear 17.

Active guides 3 in the form of elastic rods are mounted on the front wall 18 of the seed box 1 parallel to the inclined section 9 of the driving branch 8 of the conveyor 2. The seed box 1 is provided with a removable cover 19. The seed box 1, the seed tube 12 and the sidewall 20 of the conveyor 2 are made in one piece.

The metering device operates as follows.

To create stable seedlings from seeds of heat-loving plants, including vegetables and melons, 3-4 insurance seeds are placed in one nest. Such a quantity of seeds precludes the complete destruction of sprouts by agricultural pests, birds, and late frosts.

The sown seeds are poured into the seed box 1. During the translational movement of the sowing unit, as a rule, the drive shaft 5 receives a rotation drive from the support wheels of the seeder. By rotating the drive drum 5 due to the friction coating, the conveyor 2 receives a translational movement drive. Seeds from box 1 along the front wall 18 slide onto the active guides 3. Due to vibrations of the guides 3, the seeds are oriented along the conveyor 2 cells with long axes 2. Due to the slope 9 of the leading branch 8, the seeds fall into the conveyor cells 2. When the conveyor cells 2 are driven over the surface of the bypass drum 6, each of them opens, slightly increasing the size of the cell due to the tensile forces of the fibers of the material of the conveyor 2. This achieves a complete placement of seeds in individual cells. Further movement of the leading branch 8 of the conveyor 2 in the vertical section 10 leads to a meeting of unplaced extra seeds in the cells with a seed reflector 4 in the form of an oncoming rotating brush. The bristled bristles return the extra seeds to the seed box 1. Seeding of seeds into the brush is eliminated by the cutter 15 on the back wall 16 of the box 1. The seeds placed in the cells of the leading branch 8 from the vertical section 10 are fed to the driving drum 5 covered by the conveyor 2. The leading branch 9 of the vertical section conveyor 2 passes into the zone of the driven branch, and from the opened cells, the seeds fall as a group into the vas deferens 12, and from it enter the seeder of the seeder.

A constant tension of the branches of the conveyor 2 is provided by pairs of elastic elements 14 in the guides 13. The arrangement of the guides 13 provide a plane-parallel movement of the tension drum 11, while maintaining equal removal of the inclined section 9 of the leading branch 8 relative to the bottom of the seed box 1. High technological reliability of group sowing of seeds from the cells of the conveyor provides a cutter 19 sowing seeds.

When changing the sowing culture, the seeder releases the detachable sidewall and, by pressing the tension drum 7, removes the conveyor 2. In its place, a conveyor 2 with cells corresponding to the size of the seeds, for example, gourds (melons) is installed.

Claims (5)

1. The sowing apparatus, including a seed box, on the bottom of which a conveyor is mounted, having cells, active guides and a reflector, characterized in that the leading branch of the conveyor located on the driving, bypass and tension drums has inclined horizontally and vertical sections, the bottom of the seed box is placed above the inclined section, and the reflector in the form of a brush drum is mounted behind the vertical section and the bypass drum and is equipped with a movable shut-off device, mounted at an angle to the horizontal on the back wall of the seed box, while the active guides in the form of elastic rods are mounted on the front wall of the seed box parallel to the inclined section of the leading branch of the conveyor. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the guides of the elastic elements of the tension drum are placed parallel to the inclined section of the leading branch of the conveyor. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the brush drum of the reflector and the drive drum of the conveyor drive are kinematically connected by a synchronizing transmission. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the leading drum of the conveyor is installed above the vas deferens. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the surfaces of the driving, bypass and tension drums are reinforced with friction material.