RU2266606C2 - Electrical machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering; high-speed electrical machines for domestic appliances such as vacuum cleaners and separators.

SUBSTANCE: proposed electrical machine has unwound rotor 1 whose toothed magnetic circuit 2 is rigidly fixed on shaft 3. Stator 4 carries concentrated winding coils 5, 6 wound on poles 7, 8. Coils 5, 6 are connected to output of electronic switch 15 for power supply depending on angular position of rotor 1 relative to stator 4. Shaft 3 has clearances 3 with shutters 19 and electronic switch 15 has device for identifying angular position of rotor 3 relative to stator 4 by these clearances.

EFFECT: simplified design, reduced coast, facilitated assembly of electrical machine.

9 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering, and more specifically to high-speed electric machines for household appliances, for example for vacuum cleaners or separators.

A known electric machine containing a windingless rotor, a magnetic gear of which is mounted on its shaft, a stator with poles and a winding made in the form of concentrated coils placed on the poles, and connected to the outputs of the electronic switch with the ability to power depending on the angular position of the rotor relative to the stator ( see Russian patent No. 2059993, class 6 H 02 K 19/06; 19/24. Publ. Bull. No. 13 dated 05/10/96).

The disadvantage of this prototype is its high cost due to low technology and design complexity.

A known electric machine, adopted for the prototype, containing a windingless rotor, a gear magnetic circuit mounted on its shaft, a stator with poles and a winding made in the form of concentrated coils placed on the poles, and connected to the outputs of the electronic switch with the ability to power depending on the angular position rotor relative to the stator (see Utility Model of Russia No. 1973, class 6 N 02 K 19/06. Publ. March 16, 1996).

The disadvantage of this prototype is its high cost due to low technology and design complexity.

The invention is aimed at reducing the cost of an electric machine.

To do this, in an electric machine containing a windingless rotor, a gear magnetic circuit of which is mounted on its shaft, a stator with poles and a winding made in the form of lumped coils placed on the poles and connected to the outputs of the electronic switch with the possibility of power supply depending on the angular position of the rotor relative to stator, according to the invention, gaps are made on the rotor shaft with shutters between them, and the electronic switch is equipped with a device for determining the angular position of the rotor relative to RA in the gaps.

In an electric machine, the number of gaps can be equal to the number of teeth of the rotor magnetic circuit or half of it.

The gaps can also be made in the form of grooves on the shaft end opposite its output end, or made in the form of grooves on the surface of the shaft, or can be made in the form of holes (grooves) in the shaft.

A device for determining the angular position of the rotor relative to the stator can be made in the form of an optocoupler, consisting of a radiating and receiving parts, for example, an LED and a phototransistor, while the shaft can be located in the gap between them.

In an electric machine, the electronic switch can be made in the form of a printed circuit board, and optocouplers and coils can be soldered into it, and intercoil connections made by printed wiring. That is, when the coils are wound with a wire, output ends are immediately formed from it and soldered to the electronic switch board. The board is fixed in an electric machine so that the device interacting with the teeth or grooves of the shaft is consistent with the location of the stator poles.

The poles in an electric machine can be made in the form of two teeth with a groove between them, while at least one permanent groove can be located in one of the grooves.

In contrast to the prototype in the proposed electric machine, the design and assembly are greatly simplified, which reduces its cost.

In the future, the proposed technical solution is illustrated by a specific implementation with reference to the drawings, on which:

- figure 1 shows a cross section of an electric machine along the axis of the two-prong poles;

- figure 2 shows an electric machine at the time of start-up;

- figure 3 shows an electric machine at the time of shutdown;

- figure 4 - electric machine at the time of supply of current during rotation of the rotor.

The electric machine (see drawings) contains a winding-free rotor 1, a toothed magnetic circuit 2 of which is fixed rigidly to its shaft 3. On the stator 4 there are two coils 5, 6, covering two poles 7, 8, each of which has two teeth with a groove between them . At the poles 7, 8, magnets 9, 10 are installed and offset from the axis of the poles in the direction of rotation of the rotor 1 (see Figs. 2, 3, 4). Magnetic fluxes from coils 5, 6 and magnets 9, 10 are summed, i.e. magnets have magnetization consistent with the coils. In addition, the coils 5, 6 with leads 11, 12 and 13, 14, respectively, are directly connected to the electronic switch 15, on the circuit board 16 of which are made inter-coil connections by means of a printed circuit.

The LED 16 and the phototransistor 18, the usual parts of the optocoupler, are installed on the board 16, and the shaft 3 is located between them. On the shaft, at this place, additional shutters 19 and grooves-grooves 20 are made, which interact with the LED 17 and the phototransistor 18.

The number of shutters 19 and grooves 20 of the shaft 3 may be six or three. In this example, the number of shutters 19 is equal to the number of teeth of the magnetic circuit 2 of the rotor 1 (see figure 2, 3) or less than this number by half (see figure 4).

On the blinds 19 of the shaft 3, the toothed magnetic circuit 2 of the rotor 1 is oriented when fixed, and the board 16 of the electronic switch 15 is installed with the possibility of interaction with the shutters 19 or the grooves 20 of the shaft 3.

In all the drawings of the electric machine, the housing or bearing shields and bearings are not shown, in FIGS. 2, 3, 4 - the electronic switch 15 with the board 16 - for the sake of simplicity of explanation.

The electric machine operates as follows. When deenergized coils 5, 6 under the action of a moment from the permanent magnets 9, 10, the rotor 1 occupies a starting position in which the magnetic resistance of the system with respect to the permanent magnets 9, 10 is minimal (see figure 2).

After power is supplied to the electronic switch 15, the LED 17 is turned on, the phototransistor 18 is triggered, and a command is generated from the optocoupler to generate a unipolar current pulse in coils 5, 6. When current flows through the coils, magnetic forces of attraction of the toothed magnetic circuit 2 of rotor 1 to the poles 7, 8 of the stator 4. Under the action of the torque, the rotor 1 starts to rotate and in the position shown in Fig. 3, the coils 5, 6 are de-energized, since the phototransistor 18 is turned off. Next, the rotor 1 rotates due to the accumulated kinetic energy and, while the axis of the magnetic rotor teeth Pack 2 1 does not coincide with the axis of the poles 7, 8, i.e. in the position between the teeth (see figure 4). The phototransistor 18 is turned on again and the next current pulse is applied, the rotational speed of the rotor 1 is increased, and thus the engine gradually enters the specified operating mode. This power supply of the coils 5, 6 provides the launch, and the operation of the electric machine, and the rotation of the rotor 1.

In contrast to the prototype, the claimed electric machine has a greatly simplified design and improved manufacturability: the implementation of additional teeth on the rotor shaft makes it possible to assemble the rotor gear magnetic circuit very precisely, since the assembly accuracy is determined by the tool; the dimensions of the device determining the position of the rotor relative to the stator are reduced; all electronic components are located on the electronic switch board, which simplifies their setup or replacement; winding coils are connected in phase on the board, i.e. the wiring process is thus automated.

The implementation of the blinds 19 on the shaft 3 also increases the reliability of the electric machine, since mechanical loads on the curtains of the shaft at high rotor speeds are minimal.

Claims (9)

1. An electric machine containing a windingless rotor, a gear magnetic circuit of which is mounted on its shaft, a stator with poles and a winding made in the form of lumped coils placed on the poles and connected to the outputs of the electronic switch with the possibility of power supply depending on the angular position of the rotor relative to the stator , characterized in that on the rotor shaft there are gaps with shutters between them, and the electronic switch has a device for determining the angular position of the rotor relative to the stator by clearance am 2. The electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of gaps is equal to the number of teeth of the rotor magnetic circuit or less than half. 3. The electric machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the gaps are made in the form of grooves on the shaft end opposite its output end. 4. The electric machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the gaps are made in the form of grooves on the surface of the shaft. 5. The electric machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the gaps are made in the form of holes in the shaft. 6. The electric machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the device for determining the angular position of the rotor relative to the stator is made in the form of an optocoupler consisting of a radiating and receiving parts. 7. The electric machine according to claim 6, characterized in that the rotor shaft is located in the gap between the radiating and receiving parts of the optocoupler. 8. The electric machine according to claim 7, characterized in that the electronic switch is made in the form of a printed circuit board and optocouplers and coils are soldered into it, moreover, the intercoil connections are made by printed wiring. 9. An electric machine according to any one of claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the stator poles have two teeth with a groove between them and a permanent magnet is located in at least one of the grooves.

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