RU2700664C2 - Electric machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electrical engineering, particularly, to high-speed electric machines for household appliances. Electric machine comprises uncoated rotor and stator fixed in one bearing shield in cantilever. On rotor toothed magnetic core end plastic shutters and slots are made. Electronic switchboard including the optocoupler is mounted on rods of the stator coil frames by performing all electrical connections with four soldering points. Optopair is rigidly and accurately connected to stator toothed magnet core.

EFFECT: technical result is improved manufacturability of structure.

14 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering, and more specifically to high-speed electric machines for household appliances, for example for vacuum cleaners or milk separators.

A known electric machine containing a windingless rotor, a magnetic gear of which is mounted on a shaft with bearings, a stator with a magnetic gear and a lumped coil mounted on one or more teeth and connected to the outputs of the electronic switch with the ability to power on the commands of the device to determine the angular position of the rotor relative to the stator ( see Russian patent No. 2059993, class 6 H02K 19/06; 19/24. Publish. 05/10/96, Bull. No. 13.).

The disadvantage of this analogue is its high cost due to low tech and design complexity.

A known electric machine containing a windingless rotor, a magnetic gear of which is mounted on a shaft with bearings, a stator with a magnetic gear and a lumped coil mounted on one or more teeth and connected to the outputs of the electronic switch with the ability to power on the commands of the device to determine the angular position of the rotor relative to the stator ( see utility model of Russia No. 1973, class 6 H02K 19/06. Publish. March 16, 1996).

The disadvantage of this analogue is also the high cost due to low tech and design complexity.

Also known is an electric machine adopted as a prototype, comprising a windingless rotor, a magnetic gear conductor of which is mounted on a shaft with bearings, a stator with a magnetic gear conductor and a concentrated coil mounted on one or several teeth and connected to the outputs of the electronic switch with the possibility of power supply according to the commands of the angular detection device the position of the rotor relative to the stator (see Russian patent No. 2266606, class. H02K 29/10, 19/06. Publ. 20.12.2005, Bull. No. 35).

The disadvantage of the prototype is also the high cost due to low technology and design complexity.

The claimed technical solution is aimed at reducing the cost of an electric machine.

To do this, in an electric machine containing a windingless rotor, a gear magnetic circuit mounted on a shaft with bearings, a stator with a gear magnetic circuit and a lumped coil mounted on one or more teeth and connected to the outputs of the electronic switch with the ability to be energized by commands of the device for determining the angular position of the rotor relative to stator, according to this statement, a device for determining the angular position of the rotor relative to the stator is mounted on a toothed magnetic circuit with Ator.

The reciprocal part of the device for determining the angular position of the rotor relative to the stator can be performed at the end of the rotor gear magnetic circuit. For example, in the form of blinds and grooves with the ability to interact with an optocoupler or a Hall sensor.

Grooves or holes can be made on the stator toothed magnetic circuit, into which additional catchers are tightly connected, which are rigidly connected with the device for determining the angular position of the rotor relative to the stator.

In an electric machine, the coil can be tightly mounted on the magnetic circuit, while the lateral side of the tooth adjacent to the coil and the coil itself are made on a cone with an angle in the range of 0 ... 6 degrees, and a compensating gap is made between the coil and the bottom of the groove of the stator gear magnetic circuit, providing tight fit reels.

The coil can be made on a frame with protrusions on which a device for determining the angular position of the rotor relative to the stator is fixed.

An additional groove can be made on the side of the tooth adjacent to the coil, and the coil frame is equipped with a latch included in this additional groove, which rigidly and tightly fixes the coil on the stator gear magnetic circuit.

The coil frame can cover two teeth, forming a stator pole, and on the frame, between two teeth, a pocket is made in the form of two additional counter-directed L-shaped jumpers, between which, in the pocket, a permanent magnet with an offset from the pole axis in the range of 1 …5 degrees.

The coil frame can be equipped with an additional protrusion, compressing the stator toothed magnetic circuit during assembly parallel to the axis of rotation.

For more reliable fixation of the coil frame at the pole, the extreme sheet of the stator magnetic tooth from the axis of rotation to the frame can be bent.

In the electric machine, conductive pins can be installed on the protrusions of the frame, connected to the output ends of the coils, on which their outputs have an electronic switch, made together on the same board, with a device for determining the angular position of the rotor relative to the stator, for example, with an optocoupler.

An electric machine can have the number of rotor teeth equal to 6, and the number of stator teeth equal to 4, which are divided into two poles by two teeth, the frames are located opposite each other, while the coils and magnets, in the direction of magnetic flux, are turned on according to, and the optocoupler is installed in in accordance with the stator toothed magnetic circuit with the possibility of blinds and grooves located on the end of the rotor toothed magnetic circuit passing through its slot, and the four outputs of the electronic switch are connected to four frame pins atushek.

The rotor toothed magnetic circuit and the shaft can be filled with plastic, providing a double protection class for insulation, and from which the curtains and grooves at the end of the rotor are simultaneously made.

In an electric machine, the stator and rotor can be mounted cantilever on one bearing shield, consisting of two back-mounted open bearing seats and a flat finned base perpendicular to the axis of rotation, with four protrusions and two bonnets, with the stator basing with the axis of rotation along the four protrusions of the shield and bolted to it with self-tapping screws in bonks along the coils, while the bearing mounted on the output end of the rotor shaft is fixed with a lock washer.

To improve the quality of casting and reduce material consumption, the end face of the second from the output end of the shaft of the bearing housing can be performed with alternating grooves and ribs.

An additional sleeve can be mounted between the bearings on the shaft, and the bearings themselves can be installed in shock absorbers made in the form of rubber bushings, while a fan is installed between the base of the bearing shield and the stator.

In the circuit board of the electronic switch and the device for determining the angular position of the teeth of the rotor relative to the teeth of the stator along the axis of rotation, a hole can be made through which a shaft can be passed on which a bearing is mounted behind the stator and the board.

On the board, two power switches can be installed side by side and facing the stator, and a filter tank is installed under them, on the back of the board.

The electric machine can be equipped with an additional screen installed by protrusions in the grooves of the frames between the coils, and the optimal cooling channel of the board and coils is formed.

An additional screen air flow can be directed above the power keys.

In an electric machine, at the base of the bearing shield, three grooves can be made with holes located around the perimeter at 120 degrees and covering four protrusions and bonks, with one groove installed along the axis of one pole, and two other grooves mounted on the sides of the second pole.

In contrast to the prototype, the design of the proposed electric machine is greatly simplified: it is assembled in one bearing shield, the stator toothed magnetic circuit is pulled and fixed by the coil frame and does not require additional rivets or welding, the coils easily fit on the cone of the poles and fit snugly to the teeth, providing good heat transfer, counter L-shaped pocket of the coil frames reliably fixes the starting magnets at the poles without gluing them; in one operation of pouring plastic in the rotor, a shaft and a gear pa ket of the magnetic circuit, at the end of which blinds and slots are simultaneously made for interacting with the optocoupler, the electronic unit board is made together with the optocoupler, through the slit of which the shutters and grooves pass, and is installed on the pins of the coil frames, making electrical connections in the engine with four soldering places.

The assembly is also greatly simplified: the fan is installed or cast along with the rotor, the lower bearing is mounted and the sleeve is installed with or without it. Bearings in or without shock absorbers are mounted in bearing housings and secured with a lock washer. The stator with the board is mounted on the protrusions of the bearing shield and fixed with two self-tapping screws.

Since the device for determining the angular position of the rotor relative to the stator is rigidly and precisely connected with the toothed magnetic circuit of the stator, additional adjustment of the operation of the electric machine is not required.

On a flat base of the bearing shield, a protection system against liquid ingress from above onto the engine and the board is made, which increases the reliability of the electric machine.

In the future, the proposed technical solution is illustrated by drawings of a specific design, on which:

- in FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of an electric machine along the axis of rotation passing between two poles;

- in FIG. 2 shows a cross section AA, which opens up a bottom view of an electric machine;

- in FIG. 3 shows a front view of an electric machine, similar to FIG. 1, only without a cut;

- in FIG. 4 shows a section BB along the protrusions of the bearing shield, where the stator is installed;

- in FIG. 5 is an enlarged view I of FIG. 4 to the frame coil and its fastening;

- in FIG. 6 is a right view of an electric machine;

- in FIG. 7 shows a section CC through the finned part of the bearing shield located between the upper and lower bearings.

The electric machine (see drawings) contains a winding-free rotor 1, the toothed magnetic circuit 2 of which is fixed rigidly to the shaft 3, on which the bearings are mounted: upper 4 and lower 5. The stator package 6 is made in the form of a gear magnetic circuit 7.

Bearings 4, 5 are installed in shock absorbers 8 in one bearing shield 9, which consists of two rear-facing open bearing housings and a flat finned base 10.

An additional spacer sleeve 11 is installed between the bearings, and the upper bearing 4 is fixed on the shaft 3 with a lock washer 12. The end face of the second from the output end of the shaft of the bearing housing is made with alternating ribs 13 and grooves 14 (see Fig. 1, Fig. 7).

The fan 15 is located between the base 10 of the bearing shield 9 and the toothed magnetic circuit 2 of the rotor 1, which is filled with plastic 16. At the end 17 of the toothed magnetic circuit 2 there are blinds 18 made of plastic 16 and grooves 19.

At the bottom of the electric machine, a board 20 of an electronic switch with an optocoupler is mounted 21. At the end 17 of the rotor 1, an additional fan 22 is made to cool the board 20, and the air flow through the engine is formed by the screen 23.

The coils 24, 25 (see Fig. 2) are made frame with the findings in the form of pins 26, 27 and 28, 29, respectively, and are also installed, respectively, at the pole 30 with teeth 31 and 32 and at the pole 33 with teeth 34 and 35. On pins 26, 27, 28 and 29 mounted board 20.

On the stator 6, additional holes 36 or grooves 37 are made, along which the board 20 and the optocoupler 21 can be oriented with respect to the teeth 31, 32, 34, 35.

In the protrusions 38 of the base 10, the stator 6 is fixed with two self-tapping screws 39 (see Fig. 2, 3).

At the base 10, three mounting grooves 40 are made - under the pole 33, and 41, 42 on the sides of the pole 30. Four protrusions 38 and two bonks 43 (see Fig. 3, 4) are made at the same time with the base 10.

Permanent starting magnets 44, 45 are radially mounted at the poles 30, 33, respectively, at an angle A of 1 to 5 degrees with respect to the axis of the poles. Magnets 44, 45 are located in the pockets of the frame coils 24, 25 between the L-shaped jumpers 46, 47 and 48, 49, respectively (see. Fig. 4, 5).

The teeth 31, 31, 34, 35 are made with an angle B in the range from 0 to 3 degrees outside and on the sides facing the coils, equipped with an additional groove 50, in which the frame coils snap into the additional protrusion 51 during assembly. Between the frame coils 24, 25 and the bottom of the groove, a clearance C of 0 to 0.75 mm was made to ensure that the coils fit onto the pole along the cone (see Fig. 5).

The electronic switch board 20 is made on two keys 52, 53 located on the same side of the board as the optocoupler 21, and the filter tank 54 is installed under the said keys (see Fig. 6).

The end part of the lower socket of the bearing shield 9 is made with alternating ribs 13 and grooves 14 (see Fig. 7), and channels 55 are formed in the base 10 to discharge liquid and protect against moisture from entering the coils 24, 25 and circuit boards 20.

The electric machine operates as follows. When deenergized coils 24, 25 under the action of the moment from the permanent magnets 44, 45, the rotor 1 occupies the starting position (see Fig. 4).

After supplying power to the electronic switch 20, the optocoupler 21 is triggered and a command is issued to generate a unipolar current pulse in the coils 24, 25. When the current flows through the coils, magnetic forces of attraction of the toothed magnetic circuit 2 of the rotor 1 to the poles 30, 33 of the stator 6 are generated. Under the action of the torque the rotor 1 starts to rotate and in the coincident position the rotor tooth-stator tooth turns off the optocoupler 21 and the coils 24, 25 are de-energized. Next, the rotor rotates due to the accumulated kinetic energy, while the axis of the teeth of the magnetopacket package oestrus 2 of the rotor 1 does not coincide with the axis of the poles 30, 33, i.e. at a position between the teeth (see. FIG. 4). The optocoupler 21 is turned on again and the next current pulse is applied, the rotation frequency increases, and thus the electric machine reaches the specified operating mode. This power supply to the coils 24, 25 ensures the start, rotation of the rotor 1 and the operation of the electric machine.

For a more reliable start, the first or several current pulses can be generated regardless of the command of the optocoupler 21. In this case, the rotor becomes in the position of the stator tooth-tooth of the rotor, the pulse is removed and under the influence of magnets 44, 45 the rotor 1 returns to the position of the tooth of the rotor-axis the poles. The optocoupler 21 is triggered, and then the work proceeds as described previously.

Unlike the prototype, the proposed electric machine has greatly simplified the design and assembly, which reduces its cost, namely: one bearing shield; the stator magnetic circuit is pulled together and fixed by the coil frame; coils easily put on a cone of poles and densely adjoin to teeth; start magnets are simply and reliably fixed; in one operation of pouring plastic in the rotor, a shaft and a gear package of the magnetic circuit are connected, at the end of which blinds and grooves are simultaneously made for interaction with the optocoupler, as well as an additional fan; the electronic switch board, made in conjunction with the optocoupler, is installed on the pins of the coil frames, having completed all the electrical connections in the engine with four soldering points.

The stator with the board is mounted on the protrusions of the bearing shield and fixed with two self-tapping screws.

The optocoupler is rigidly and precisely connected to the stator toothed magnetic circuit and this also allows technological production errors (the sum of all deviations for the parts) to be minimized and mass-produced such electric machines, since additional adjustment of their operation is not required.

Claims (14)

1. An electric machine containing a windingless rotor, a magnetic gear conductor of which is mounted on a shaft with bearings, a stator with a magnetic gear conductor and a lumped coil mounted on one or several teeth and connected to the outputs of the electronic switch with the possibility of powering on the commands of the device for determining the angular position of the rotor relative to the stator , the counterpart of which is made at the end of the rotor gear magnetic circuit in the form of blinds and grooves with the possibility of interaction with an optocoupler or sensor m Hall, characterized in that the device for determining the angular position of the rotor relative to the stator is mounted on a coil. 2. The electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the coil is tightly mounted on the magnetic circuit, while the side of the tooth adjacent to the coil and the coil itself are made on a cone with an angle in the range of 0 ... 5 degrees. 3. The electric machine according to claim 2, characterized in that between the coil and the bottom of the groove of the stator toothed magnetic circuit, a compensating gap is made providing a tight fit of the coil along the cone of the teeth of the stator magnetic circuit. 4. An electric machine according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the coil is made on a frame with protrusions on which a device for determining the angular position of the rotor relative to the stator is fixed. 5. The electric machine according to claim 4, characterized in that an additional groove is made on the side of the tooth adjacent to the coil, and the coil frame is equipped with a latch included in this additional groove, rigidly and tightly fixing the coil to the stator gear magnetic circuit. 6. The electric machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the coil frame covers two teeth, forming a stator pole, and a pocket is made on the frame in the form of two additional counter-directed L-shaped jumpers, between which, in the pocket, a permanent magnet with offset from the axis of the pole in the range of 1 ... 5 degrees. 7. The electric machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the coil frame is provided with an additional protrusion that compresses the stator toothed magnetic circuit during assembly parallel to the axis of rotation. 8. An electric machine according to claim 4, characterized in that conductive pins are mounted on the protrusions of the frame, connected to the output ends of the coils, on which their outputs have an electronic switch, made together on the same board, with a device for determining the angular position of the rotor relative to the stator, for example, with an optocoupler. 9. The electric machine according to p. 6 and 8, characterized in that the number of teeth of the rotor is 6, and the number of stator teeth is 4, which are divided into two poles by two teeth, the frames are located opposite each other, while the coils and magnets the direction of the magnetic flux is included according to, and the optocoupler is installed in accordance with the gear magnetic stator with the possibility of passage of the blinds and grooves through its slot, and the four outputs of the electronic switch are connected to the four pins of the coil frames. 10. The electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the toothed magnetic circuit of the rotor and the shaft are filled with plastic, from which the blinds and grooves are made at the end of the rotor. 11. An electric machine according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the stator and rotor are mounted cantilever on one bearing shield, consisting of two back-mounted open bearing seats and a flat finned base perpendicular to the axis of rotation, with four protrusions and two bonks, and the stator is fixed by four tabs of the shield and screwed to it by self-tapping screws in bonks along the coils, while the bearing mounted on the output end of the rotor shaft is fixed by a lock washer. 12. The electric machine according to claim 11, characterized in that a hole is made in the board along the axis of rotation. 13. The electric machine according to claim 12, characterized in that a shaft is passed through the hole on which a bearing is mounted behind the stator and board. 14. An electric machine according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that on the board two power switches are installed side by side and facing the stator, and a filter tank is installed under them, on the back of the board.

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