RU2265697C2 - Fish-protection device for water-intake structure (variants) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic engineering, particularly fish-protection devices built in water-intake structures.

SUBSTANCE: fish protection device comprises fish-barrier screen installed across water-way. The fish-barrier screen is formed of artificial algae retained at water-way bottom and surface and arranged in vertical rows. The device is provided with perforated pipelines and fish withdrawing chute located in surface water-way part opposite to perforated pipelines laid in bottom water-way part in artificial algae connection areas. In accordance to the first embodiment upper ends of artificial algae are fixedly connected to chute bottom provided with perforation. In the second embodiment upper ends of artificial algae are fixedly connected to chute bottom provided with fish-passing orifice made in central part thereof and fish-barrier screen has longitudinal channel.

EFFECT: possibility to withdraw young fish out of water-intake structure influence area.

9 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, and in particular to methods, structures and devices designed to protect juvenile fish from getting into water intake structures.

A fish protection device [1] is known, including a fish-retaining screen installed across the supply channel formed by branching structures having loads and floats for normal installation of structures with respect to the flow.

The disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency of protection and removal of juvenile fish from the zone of influence of the water intake front.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a fish protection device [2], including a fish-retaining screen mounted across the watercourse and formed from synthetic algae fixed at the bottom and surface of the watercourse, while the algae are arranged in vertical rows.

The disadvantage of this fish protection device is the low efficiency of fish protection, since the concentration of juvenile fish inside the screen increases over time, and it has the potential to penetrate the water intake.

The aim of the invention is to create effective conditions for the removal of juvenile fish outside the zone of influence of water intake.

The invention consists in the following.

According to claim 1 of the claims. The formation of a fish-retaining screen from synthetic algae allows you to create a natural barrier to the migration of young fish, while the young fish fall into conditions as close as possible to the natural habitat of the young fish. To increase the efficiency of fish protection, perforated pipes connected to a compressor are made in the lower part of the fish-retaining screen, which makes it possible to supply compressed air and form an intense torch of an air-bubble curtain. The presence of an SCW makes it possible to ensure vertical ascending flows that can divert young fish and suspended garbage to the surface of the watercourse, where, in turn, the installation of a fish drain tray with a perforated bottom is provided. Juvenile fish raised to the surface by the flare flare, through the perforations made in the bottom of the fish tray, falls into the inner space of the tray and is then diverted to the fish channel.

According to claim 2 of the claims. The implementation of synthetic algae with transverse branches allows you to increase the delay function of the screen by increasing both the hydraulic resistance and the power of the fish-holding screen. In addition, it is precisely this arrangement of synthetic algae that is closest to the natural structure of aquatic vegetation, in which juvenile fish are used to living.

According to claim 3 of the claims. The implementation of synthetic algae in the form of flat ribbons is a variation of the structure of algae. Moreover, due to the flat structure of the tape, it is also possible to increase the total hydraulic resistance of the screen, since the total contact area of the tapes is larger than similar types of synthetic algae.

According to claim 4 of the claims. The implementation of synthetic algae - flat ribbons twisted relative to the vertical axis, allows to increase the delay function of the screen and, accordingly, the effectiveness of fish protection.

According to claim 5 of the claims (option). The implementation of the fish-retaining screen with a longitudinal channel located inside the screen (Fig.6), allows the young fish, feeling a sense of free flow, to move towards the fish intake hole formed by the longitudinal gap in the bottom of the fish tray. In addition, due to the influence of the torch lifting force of the air-bubble curtain and the absence of synthetic algae in the channel, this arrangement creates the most effective conditions for the removal of juvenile fish in the direction of the fish drainage tray.

The implementation in the Central part of the fish drainage tray of the fish intake hole in the form of a longitudinal channel allows to reduce the resistance of the garbage-saturated flow and to ensure efficient transportation of juvenile fish to the fish drainage tray.

According to claim 6, claims. Performing the bottom of the fish drain tray perforated increases the efficiency of removal of juvenile fish and suspended debris, as the total area of the fish intake openings increases.

According to claim 7 of the claims. The implementation of the open part of the bottom of the fish drainage tray - a longitudinal slit with end walls allows you to create an autonomous fish drainage tray, through which the young fish coming through the open bottom of the main fish drainage tray will be independently discharged.

According to claim 8 of the claims. Performing along the axis of the autonomous fish drain tray of the longitudinal guide peaks allows you to form a local fish drain tray, getting into which the young fish is guaranteed to be diverted to the fish drain. This contributes to the implementation of the mark of the top of the guide visors lower than the mark of the top of the end walls. The layout of the guide visors with the formation of a conical part facing the bottom of the reservoir allows you to create a flow-forming device for draining juveniles both in an autonomous fish drainage tray and in the tray formed by the guide visors. The inflow of fish and debris into the local fish drain tray formed by the guiding visors is ensured by the energy of the VBF torch, since it increases the water level in the stand-alone fish drain tray, and due to the overflow of part of the flow through the edges of the visors, the young fish enter the local fish drain tray.

According to claim 9, the claims. The implementation of the guiding visors curved allows you to form the optimal configuration of the flow-forming device and the conditions for the exit of juvenile fish in an autonomous fish drainage tray.

The solution to this problem is achieved by creating a new design of a fish protection device and its variants. Graphic material explaining the essence of the invention is presented in the following drawings:

figure 1 depicts a fish protection device, a longitudinal section, a variant with synthetic algae with transverse branches;

figure 2 is the same, a variant with synthetic algae made in the form of flat ribbons;

figure 3 - the same, in the case of a fish-retaining screen of pre-twisted flat tapes;

figure 4 - fish protection device, plan;

figure 5 - fish protection device, plan, layout of the bottom of the fish drain tray with a longitudinal channel;

6 is a section aa in figure 5;

7 is a variant of the fish-retaining screen in the case of the formation in the center of the fish drain tray of an autonomous tray formed by vertical end walls;

Fig. 8 is a layout of a fish-retaining screen in the case of forming in the center of the fish drain tray an autonomous tray formed by vertical end walls and provided with a local fish drain tray formed by curved guiding visors.

The fish protection device of the water intake structure includes a fish retaining screen 1 mounted across the watercourse 2 and formed of synthetic algae 3 fixed at the bottom and surface of the watercourse, while the algae 3 are arranged in vertical rows. The device is equipped with perforated pipelines 4 and a fish drain tray 5, while the tray 5 is located on the surface of the watercourse 2 and is located opposite the perforated pipelines 4 laid in the bottom of the watercourse 2, in the place of attachment of the algae 3, and the algae 3 with their upper end rigidly fixed to the bottom 6 of tray 5, which is perforated.

In addition, synthetic algae 3 can be made with transverse branches 7 located along their entire length.

In addition, synthetic algae 3 can be made in the form of flat ribbons 8.

In addition, synthetic algae 3 can be made twisted relative to the vertical axis.

According to a variant of the device, the bottom 6 of the tray 5 in its central part can be made with a fish-sampling hole 9, and a longitudinal channel 10 is formed in the central part of the fish-retaining screen 1.

In addition, the bottom 6 of the fish tray 5 can be perforated.

In addition, the fishing hole 9 of the fish drain tray 5 may be provided with vertical end walls 11, forming a stand-alone fish drain tray 12.

In addition, along the axis of the autonomous fish drain tray 12, longitudinal guide visors 13 can be made, which are interconnected in their lower part, while the height mark of the top of the visors 13 is lower than the height mark of the vertical end walls 11 of the independent fish drain tray 12.

In addition, the guide visors 13 can be made curved, and with their bulge they are oriented towards the vertical end walls 11.

The fish retaining screen 1 is installed across the inlet channel 14. The water purified from juvenile fish and debris enters the water intake 15. The young fish from the fish drain tray 5, the stand-alone tray 12 and the local fish drain tray formed by the guiding visors 13, by gravity enters the fish drain 16.

Fish protection device operates as follows.

The operation service of the water intake structure puts the fish-retaining screen 1 in the working position, thereby blocking the watercourse 2, thereby dividing it into the supply channel 14 and water intake 15. By turning on the compressor (not shown), compressed air enters the perforated pipes 4 and inside the fish-retaining screen 1 effective conditions are created for the removal of juvenile fish to the surface horizons of watercourse 2. Young fish under the influence of the transit stream of the supply channel 14 is referred to screen 1, where it concentrates due to its working surface or gradually penetrates into the screen 1. The young fish caught inside the screen 1 gets into the formed artificial algae, made in the form of synthetic algae 3, which perform the main function of the screen 1 - to prevent the penetration of juvenile fish into the intake 15 and hold it in the limits of the installation of the fish-retaining screen 1. Due to the influence of the torch of the air-bubble veil, the young fish are carried along the algae 3 upwards, where it enters the perforated holes of the bottom 6 of the fish tray 5 5 further along the tray 16 enters the rybootvod.

The layout of the synthetic algae 3 may be different: with transverse branches 7 (FIG. 1), made in the form of flat ribbons 8 (FIG. 2) or made of flat ribbons 8 previously twisted relative to the vertical axis (FIG. 3). Each arrangement increases the hydraulic resistance to the transit flow, and most importantly increases the fish-holding function of the fish-holding screen 1.

The device can operate (option) when the central part of the bottom 6 of the tray 5 is made with a fish-sampling hole 9, while underneath there are no algae 3 with the formation of a longitudinal channel 10. In this case, a space free of synthetic algae 3 is formed inside the fish-retaining screen 1 in the form of a longitudinal channel 10. Thus, juvenile fish caught inside the screen 1 can be effectively transported to the tray 5 under the influence of a torch of an air-bubble curtain created by perforated tubes oprovodami 4.

To improve the conditions for the withdrawal of juvenile fish into the fish outlet 16, the fish intake hole 9 can be equipped with vertical end walls 11 installed along the length of the fish intake hole 9 and forming an autonomous fish drain tray 12 (Fig. 7).

In order to increase the efficiency of removal of juvenile fish inside the tray 5, an autonomous fish-removal tray 12 can be equipped with guide visors 13 (Fig. 8). The guiding visors 13 form a local fish drainage tray, having got into which the young fish is guaranteed to be diverted to the fish drainage 16.

The proposed fish protection device allows simple and affordable means in the conditions of migration of juvenile fish to draw water without causing environmental damage to the reservoir. In addition, the main components of the fish-holding screen - flexible elastic elements imitate aquatic vegetation, that is, the natural habitat of juvenile fish. As a merit of the present invention, it should be noted the successful layout of the SCW and the retaining screen of synthetic algae, which allows us to attribute this design to structures that have a complex effect on juvenile fish.

Sources of information

1. A.S. USSR No. 1546546 (USSR), IPC E 02 B 8/02. "A method of purifying water from sediment in an open watercourse." Author: Shabrin A.N. Publ. 02/28/90. BI No. 8, 1990.

2. Vdovin Yu.I., Anisimov A.V., Simakin V.I., Cordon M.Ya., Volkov V.N. and Lushkin I.A. Filtering fish protection structures and communal and industrial water intakes. Penza-Ukhta, 2002, p. 48, fig. 1.11 (g).

Claims (9)

1. Fish protection device of the water intake structure, including a fish-retaining screen mounted across the watercourse and formed of synthetic algae fixed at the bottom and surface of the watercourse, the algae are arranged in vertical rows, characterized in that it is equipped with perforated pipes and a fish drainage tray, while the tray is placed in the surface of the watercourse and is located opposite perforated pipelines laid in the bottom of the watercourse at the place of attachment of algae, and Donkeys with their upper end are rigidly fixed to the bottom of the tray, which is perforated. 2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the synthetic algae is made with transverse branches located along their entire length. 3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the synthetic algae is made in the form of flat ribbons. 4. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that the synthetic algae is made twisted relative to the vertical axis. 5. Fish protection device of the intake structure, including a fish-retaining screen mounted across the watercourse and formed of synthetic algae fixed at the bottom and surface of the watercourse, the algae are arranged in vertical rows, characterized in that it is equipped with perforated pipelines and a fish drainage tray, while the tray is placed in the surface of the watercourse and is located opposite perforated pipelines laid in the bottom of the watercourse, with algae with their upper end They are simply fixed to the bottom of the tray, which in its central part is made with a fish intake hole, and a longitudinal channel is formed in the central part of the fish retaining screen. 6. The device according to p. 5, characterized in that the bottom of the fish tray is perforated. 7. The device according to p. 5 or 6, characterized in that the fish inlet of the fish drain tray is provided with vertical end walls forming an autonomous fish drain tray. 8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that along the axis of the autonomous fish drain tray, longitudinal guide visors are made that are interconnected in their lower part, while the height mark of the top of the visors is lower than the mark of the top of the vertical end walls of the stand-alone fish drain tray. 9. The device according to p. 8, characterized in that the guide visors are made curved, and with their convexity they are oriented towards the vertical end walls.

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