RU2265446C2 - Implant for treating the cases of parkinson's disease - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: device has Dacron sack usable as envelope introducible into soft tissues of the head. The envelope has two 0.5 mm thick liver tissue leaflets between which hypothalamus tissue leaflets taken from young animal brain and black substance or isolated suprarenal gland medullary substance cells or that of human glands or the like cells taken from human embryo. The Dacron envelope is 25-30 cm long, 5 mm wide and 2 mm thick.

EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of treatment.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to medical activity and can be used to treat Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease is prevalent in the world and annually leads to disability of hundreds of thousands of people. The disease occurs due to a violation (degeneration) of nerve cells and the endings of the substantia nigra of the brain containing dopamine. Dopamine deficiency leads to a violation of the motor and emotional activity of a person. In such patients, fast and unrelated speech, the muscles of the face and body are rehydrated, the walk is shaky, uncertain. For a long time, atropine, scopolamine, amisil, diphenhydramine and others have been used to treat Parkinson's disease, which reduce the sensitivity of organs and tissues to acetylcholine, a chemical transmitter (mediator) of nervous excitation. The therapeutic efficacy of these drugs is small. At the same time, they cause various side effects (dry mouth, accommodation disturbance, urinary retention, general weakness, dizziness, etc.).

Currently used methods of treatment are also ineffective. For example, the widely used L-Dopa drug due to poor penetration through the blood-brain barrier weakly affects rigidity and causes many side effects: nausea, vomiting, agitation, insomnia, tremor, etc.

Scientists around the world continue to search for drugs and other ways to effectively treat Parkinson's disease. So, in the USA for many years the possibility of transplanting a healthy brain of an animal into another damaged brain has been studied. In a Washington clinic, a neurosurgeon, William Fried, transplanted nervous tissue into rats that showed symptoms similar to Parkinson’s in humans. Transplanted cells began to produce dopamine, a chemical that cured rats. According to scientists, this method, applied to a person, can cure a disease, even if it lasts from five to ten years.

Numerous experiments have shown that two factors are important for successful transplantation of nerve tissue: the age of the donor animal from which neurons are taken for transplantation, and good blood supply to the brain from the animal recipient to whom the tissue is transplanted. It was also established that when the animal retains after damage more than 5% of dopamine-containing neurons and their processes, the restoration of impaired functions occurs in the first weeks.

Scientists from the former USSR, Sweden, England and the USA made a significant contribution to the method of using transplants (embryonic nervous tissue into the brain of adult animals). Positive results obtained experimentally in animals begin to find practical application in specialized clinics in people with Parkinson's disease.

A good result in the treatment of certain disorders of the central nervous system and Parkinson's disease was achieved by a group of medical scientists who later reflected this in the invention RU 2112526 C1 dated 10.06.1998 (author Vorobyova T.M. et al.) Entitled "A method for treating disorders of the central nervous system " So, for the treatment of patients with chronic encephalitis, they used xenograft of donor embryonic brain tissue and used tissue of a bluish spot of a laboratory mammal in the amount of 15-25 mg, which was distantly implanted under the skin of the patient in the 5-6 intercostal space. The treatment gave a positive result. And for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, a mixture of human fetal and xenogenic tissues was used, also distantly. As a result, individual signs of parkinsonism were eliminated. This invention was taken by the author as an analogue.

The aim of the present invention is the effective treatment of this disease without any side effects by the removal of nerve tissue and cells to the periphery in the capsule.

The goal is achieved by the use of a special implant that is implanted in the soft tissues of the head or appropriate surgical access on the neck of a patient with Parkinson's disease. The material for such an implant is Dacron (polyester fiber; trade name: Dacron, Terylene, Teterone, Dacron). This material is widely used for the manufacture of prosthetic blood vessels. The implant is in the form of a flexible bag-case containing inside the filling. It consists of two (upper and lower) thin (0.5 mm) leaflets of liver tissue, between which are young tissues of the substantia nigra and hypothalamus of the brain from the animal or individual cells of the brain substance of the adrenal glands or tonsils (palatine tonsils) from humans, also producing dopamine. It is possible to use appropriate cells from human embryos.

Being in a bag-case, these tissues and cells will come into direct contact with each other and transfer different substances to each other, establishing highly permeable contacts for this purpose. Docked cells exchange sugars, amino acids, dissolved salts (sodium, potassium, chlorine), vitamins, including the regulator of intracellular metabolism - cyclic adenosine monophosphate (CAMP). This will facilitate their synchronization and long-term specific work on the production of the dopamine hormone.

The tissue of the substantia nigra of the brain, as well as the cells of the brain substance and glands, synthesize dopamine, the hypothalamic tissue activates and regulates their activity, and the liver tissues are suppressors - protectors of these dopamine-producing tissues and tissues of the hypothalamus from all immune recipient cells. All these tissues, being in the dacron bag-case, will be well supplied with blood and function normally for a long time.

Dacron as a material is neutral to the human immune system, as well as porous (biological porosity is 20.0 l / min). Such porosity allows the natural tissues of blood vessels to germinate in it, thereby contributing to the normal provision of the brain with the necessary hormone - dopamine.

The implant consists (see drawing) of a flexible dacron bag-case (1), open at one end. Inside it in the form of a sandwich is a filling (2), consisting of hepatic, hypothalamic tissue and tissue of the black substance of the brain from young animals or individual cells of the brain substance of the adrenal glands, or glands from a person. Before implantation, the open end of the case closes.

An implant prepared in this way is surgically implanted under local anesthesia in the area of the soft tissues of the head or in the appropriate access on the neck with aseptic and antiseptic compliance. To do this, a transverse section of the tissue is made in the upper part of the temporal region of the head with a depth of 1/2 of its thickness and a length of not more than 1 cm, then they penetrate with a scalpel in a sawtooth pattern through the incision into the depth of the tissue up to 4 cm, thus creating a pocket in it, into which it is inserted using forceps implant with contents. The operation ends with the application of two sutures and a sterile dressing on the incision. Sutures are removed after 7 days. If necessary, a similar operation is performed on the neck. Approximate dimensions of the implant: length 25-30 mm, width 5 mm, thickness 2 mm.

Clinical trials in medical institutions for the treatment of Parkinson's disease using a new method of implantation of adrenal medulla tissue and the substantia nigra of young animals gave a positive result. Signs of parkinsonism have been largely eliminated.

Sources of information:

1. Mashkovsky M.D. "Medicines." Ed. "Medicine", M., 1972, v. 1, p. 121-122.

2. Kvetnoy I. "The omnipresent hormones." Ed. "The Young Guard", M., 1988, pp. 98-99, 103-107.

3. "Abroad", No. 43, 1983. "Brain repair - is it possible?".

Claims (2)

1. The implant for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, intended for insertion into the area of soft tissue of the head or neck, characterized in that it is a pouch-case made of dacron, including two sheets of liver tissue, 0.5 mm thick, between which the head hypothalamus tissue is located brain of a young animal and tissue of substantia nigra or individual cells of the brain substance of the adrenal glands, or human glands, or corresponding cells of human embryos. 2. The implant according to claim 1, in which the bag-case made of dacron has a length of 25-30 mm, a width of 5 mm and a thickness of 2 mm