RU2265332C2 - Composition for plant treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: claimed composition contains arachidonic acid and urea in ratio of 1:1-1:8 and additionally lower C1-C4-alkohol as solvent. More particularly composition contains (mg/1 ml of solvent): arachidonic acid 0.01-1.00 and urea 0.01-3.00. Moreover composition optionally contains ionol as antioxidant in ratio arachidonic acid/ionol of 1:1.

EFFECT: composition for plant treatment with improved effectiveness.

3 cl, 9 tbl, 7 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to crop production, and relates to compositions containing combinations of various substances that have a regulatory effect on biochemical processes in plant cells, leading to increased drought and frost resistance of plants.

The proposed composition consists mainly of two substances known for their use in crop production - urea (urea) and arachidonic acid (AK).

The first substance (urea) is widely used not only as nitrogen fertilizer. The well-known fact about the phytotoxicity of urea itself (Agriculture abroad, 1981, No. 2, p.32) makes it possible to use it as a means of protecting plants from various diseases, for example, from the scab of apple and pear (Mycology and Phytopathology, 1981, t .15, issue 1, pp. 48-52).

Moreover, in combination with other chemical compounds, urea gives effects unusual for it when used individually. Thus, an aqueous solution of urea and sodium silicate when spraying barley prevents its lodging (SU 965413, A 01 N 33/04, 1981).

Arachidonic acid is less known than urea, but even recently it has been increasingly used in agricultural and summer plant growing. On the one hand, it has a pronounced growth-stimulating effect (RU 2076598, A 01 N 25/02, 1994), and on the other hand, it causes plants resistance to viral pathogens (RU 2072779, A 01 N 37/06, 1993) or fungal and bacterial diseases (DAN USSR, 1989, v.305, No. 5, p.1262-1265).

As with urea, arachidonic acid is used in combination with other substances. So, together with the fungicide TMTD (tetramethylthiuramdisulfide), it forms a combination that increases the resistance of sugar beet seedlings to root beetle pathogens (SU 1605962, A 01 C 1/00, 1988).

Closest to the claimed is a composition for treating plants that increases the immunization of plants against various phytopathogens, including as an active substance arachidonic acid in a mixture of other fatty acids and urea as a target additive as a solid carrier of this mixture (RU 2075933, A 01 N 37/06 , 1994). The weight percentage between the mixture of fatty acids, including arachidonic acid, and urea for this composition is constant and is accordingly 1: 13.8. If we take into account the fact that arachidonic acid itself is only part of a mixture of fatty acids, then its ratio with urea is guaranteed to be more than 1 to 13.8.

A disadvantage of the known composition is the inability to increase drought and frost resistance of plants.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a more effective composition for treating plants with a complex effect on plants.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to provide the ability to increase drought and frost resistance of plants while maintaining the effects of increasing productivity and protection from diseases.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the composition for treating plants, including arachidonic acid and urea, additionally contains an organic solvent of arachidonic acid and urea, taken in a ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 8, in the following ratio of ingredients, mg / ml:

Arachidonic acid 0.01-10 Urea 0.01-80 Organic solvent rest

And also the fact that as an organic solvent it contains lower alcohols with 1-4 carbon atoms.

And also the fact that it additionally contains an antioxidant in the ratio to arachidonic acid 1: 1.

And also because it contains ionol as an antioxidant.

Figure 1 presents table 1 - assessment of the impact of the claimed composition on the indicator of drought resistance of tomatoes;

Figure 2 presents table 2 - data on the effect of various compositions on the drought resistance of winter wheat;

Figure 3 presents table 3 - frost resistance data of winter wheat when spraying in the tillering phase of the claimed composition, standard and water (control);

Figure 4 presents table 4 - the effect of the claimed composition on the germination of cucumber seeds at various temperatures;

Figure 5 presents table 5 - the effect of the claimed composition on the frost resistance of cucumber plants;

Figure 6 presents table 6 - the effect of the claimed composition on the yield of potatoes;

Figure 7 presents table 7 - the effect of the claimed composition on the defeat of potato tubers by diseases.

The claimed composition is obtained by sequential dissolution in an organic solvent, for example in 96% ethanol, urea, an antioxidant and arachidonic acid in an appropriate weight ratio of components (antioxidant in the amount of arachidonic acid). Other lower alcohols with 1-4 carbon atoms, for example, isopropyl or butyl, can also be used as an organic solvent. The presence of an antioxidant in the composition - ionol (butylhydroxytoluene) - allows you to bind oxygen, which is present in several percent of water in ethanol. Ethanol, due to the very small amount of water in it, retains well the structural and, therefore, biologically active characteristics of arachidonic acid and urea over a long shelf life (especially with an antioxidant). For both substances, the presence of water in the composition means spoilage: for arachidonic acid, due to the oxidation of its double bonds, and for urea, due to hydrolysis in water to ammonia and carbon dioxide. In addition, ethanol, in comparison with many other solvents, is the least dangerous in everyday use. In addition, the use of a liquid as a carrier of ultra-low doses (mg) of active substances is preferable to solid carriers in terms of simplicity and cost-effectiveness of their packing in a carrier, as well as achieving accuracy of this packing.

For a better understanding of the invention, the following are specific examples of its implementation.

In the manufacture of the claimed composition using arachidonic acid with a purity of not less than 90% (see, for example, Reagents for biochemistry and research in the field of natural sciences, Sigma, 2002-2003, p.209), urea grade 4 according to GOST 6691 and ethyl alcohol rectified 96 % according to GOST 5962. Arachidonic acid is obtained from marine raw materials, animal or microbial (biotechnological) origin by known technologies (see, for example, RU 2076598).

Example 1

Tests for drought tolerance of tomato varieties "New Kuban."

A working solution of the compositions is prepared by the method of dilution with thorough mixing in clean water. At the same time, in the beginning, 1 ml compositional doses are prepared on the basis of ethanol and weighted weights of arachidonic acid and urea. Then these doses are dissolved in 1 liter of water. Water serves as a control, and crezacin (0.05% working solution) serves as the reference composition.

Tomato seeds in gauze bags are dipped in glasses with solutions of the claimed composition, water and crezacin and incubated for 1 hour at a temperature of 23-25 ° C. After 1 hour, the seeds are washed three times in water, dried and laid on Petri dishes, 40 pieces each. Pour 10 ml of water and put in a thermostat for germination at 25 ° C. After 72 hours, the first measurement of the length of the seedlings is carried out. Next, the cups with seedlings are heated at 42 ° C for 6 hours in a thermostat. Then all the plates are again placed in a thermostat at 25 ° C and germinated for another 48 hours, after which a second measurement of the length of the seedlings is carried out.

The development of plants under normal conditions and their drought tolerance is determined in percentage terms relative to the control over the length of the seedlings.

The results are presented in table 1, figure 1.

As can be seen from table 1, figure 1, under normal temperature conditions, plants develop almost the same way in the studied range of weight ratios of arachidonic acid and urea, and in comparison with the standard.

However, after exposure to plants at high temperatures, the picture changes. The optimal range of weight ratios of arachidonic acid and urea, in particular from 1: 1 to 1: 8, is identified, which is optimal from the point of view of increasing drought tolerance, and the difference between the indicators of this range with the indicators of the standard and especially the control increases significantly, which indicates the high efficiency of the proposed composition by increase drought tolerance of plants. At the same time, experimental compositions with a ratio of arachidonic acid to solvent of 0.005 mg / ml, which is lower than the declared 0.01 mg / ml, show almost the same results as the control, i.e. not effective for increasing drought tolerance.

Example 2

Drought tolerance test for wheat of the Mironovskaya variety.

The inventive composition in the optimal range of weight ratios of arachidonic acid and urea from example 1, the composition of urea and arachidonic acid in dry form without solvent, crezacin (reference) and water (control) were used for presowing treatment of wheat seeds.

Aqueous working solutions were prepared analogously to example 1. Dry compositions based on urea and arachidonic acid were prepared as follows. Alcohol solutions of the corresponding amount of arachidonic acid were applied per 1 g of urea. Then weighed urea was placed in a one-liter flask of a rotary evaporator and the alcohol was driven out using vacuum. Then, the doses of urea and arachidonic acid compositions required for the experiments were weighed out from dry samples using an analytical balance.

The seeds were soaked for 30 minutes. For all experience options. Soaked seeds were laid out for germination in 50 Petri dishes on filter paper. After three days of germination, the seedlings are heated in a thermostat at a temperature of 40-42 ° C for 1 hour, after which the germination continued.

During germination, the height of the shoots and the length of the roots of the 7-day-old seedlings, and the dry mass of the seedlings were determined. Drought tolerance of plants is estimated by the difference of these indicators for all variants of the experiment.

The research results are presented in table 2, figure 2.

From table 2, figure 2 shows that the plants treated with the proposed composition in the optimal weight ratio of arachidonic acid and urea, after high temperature stress, retain the intensity of growth processes significantly higher than plants treated according to other options, including options for dry compositions of arachidonic acid and urea in the range of weight ratios of the claimed composition. The indicators of the latter are at the control level and are inferior to the standard. This fact suggests that the anti-stress effect is manifested only in the compositions of arachidonic acid and urea in an organic solvent.

Example 3

Frost test. Winter wheat varieties "Spartanka".

Dry wheat seeds are sown in boxes of soil and sand in 100 pieces. Blossoming plants at the age of 25 days are sprayed with aqueous solutions of the claimed composition, 0.01% crezacin as a reference and just water (control). The volume of solutions for spraying is calculated from the field norm (400 l / ha) of 30 ml per box. 3 days after treatment, the plants are quenched at the beginning for 7 days at a temperature of + 2 ° C, and then one day at -5 ° C. Next, the plants are dug up and frozen in refrigerators at -10 ° C, -13 ° C, -16 ° C and -19 ° C. The exposure time at each temperature is one day. After thawing during the day, the plants are planted in boxes and after 4 weeks the number of surviving and overgrown plants is counted. Frost tolerance is evaluated as a percentage of the number of surviving plants of the number of plants frozen at each temperature. Aqueous working solutions of the claimed composition are prepared analogously to example 1.

The test results are presented in table 3, figure 3.

The data of table 3, figure 3 show the high anti-stress activity of the claimed composition in the optimal range of weight ratios of arachidonic acid and urea, i.e. the ability to significantly increase the frost resistance of plants, including in comparison with the content of arachidonic acid (15 mg / ml) higher than claimed.

Example 4

Tests for frost resistance. Cucumbers - a hybrid hybrid "Zodiac".

Cucumber seeds are soaked in aqueous solutions of the claimed composition, a dry composition of urea and arachidonic acid. Crezacin was used as a reference, and soaking in water served as a control. Aqueous solutions were prepared analogously to example 1. The time of soaking seeds 1 hour. We studied the germination of cucumber seeds at different temperatures.

The results are presented in table 4, figure 4.

The effect of a 4-hour drop in temperature to -2 ° C on the death and cryo-damage of cucumber plants was also studied.

The data are shown in table 5, figure 5.

The composition of the claimed composition: arachidonic acid 0.01 mg / ml, urea 0.05 mg / ml, ethanol 1 ml. The composition of the dry composition: arachidonic acid 0.01 mg, urea 0.05 mg.

As can be seen from the data of tables 4 and 5, FIGS. 4 and 5, the claimed composition more efficiently stimulates seed germination at different temperatures and their protection against death and cryoamage at low temperatures in comparison with both the reference and control, and dry compositions of urea and arachidonic acid .

Example 5. The test to determine the effect of the claimed composition on the yield and reduce the incidence of potatoes of the Nevsky variety.

Scheme of the experiment.

- Double treatment of the claimed composition (preplant seed tubers and spraying vegetative plants in the budding phase).

- Twice treatment with crezacin (standard).

- Double water treatment (control).

Potato tubers immediately before planting were treated with an aqueous solution of a composition comprising 0.3 mg of arachidonic acid, 0.15 mg of urea in 1 ml of ethanol. The composition was dissolved in 10 l of water, which went to treat 1 ton of tubers.

Potato crops in the budding phase were sprayed with an aqueous solution of the composition at the rate of 10 mg of arachidonic acid per 1 ha. The composition for this included 10 mg of arachidonic acid and 80 mg of urea in 1 ml of ethanol. The rate of consumption of an aqueous solution of 400 l / ha.

Krezacin (reference). Treatment of tubers (0.05%). Spraying plants (0.004%).

The test data are shown in tables 6 and 7, 6 and 7.

As can be seen from tables 6 and 7, FIGS. 6 and 7, the proposed composition not only significantly increases productivity, but also reduces the incidence of fungal and bacterial diseases, which indicates the preservation of the known qualities of arachidonic acid and urea by this composition, as plant growth stimulators, and their means of protection against various diseases.

Thus, the results of the above examples confirm the effectiveness of the combination of the components of the claimed composition and the ranges of their ratios to increase drought tolerance and frost resistance of plants.

As you can assume, the effect of the claimed composition is based on previously unknown ability of the composition, including arachidonic acid, urea and an organic solvent, taken in the claimed ratios, to influence certain biochemical processes in plant cells, for example, to transform cellular water into a colloidal state and thereby protect the plant from various temperature stress states.

Example 6. The effect of the composition on seed germination and early growth phases of cucumber seedlings.

A working solution of the composition was prepared by dissolving a portion of arachidonic acid (AK) - 3 mg, urea - 9 mg, ionol - 3 mg in 96% ethanol. Then, by diluting the initial solutions, an alcoholic solution of the composition was obtained with the necessary ratio of components in mg per 1 ml of solvent: 0.01 mg AK + 0.01 mg urea + 0.01 mg ionol; 0.03 mg AK + 0.09 mg urea + 0.03 mg ionol; 0.40 mg AK + 3.00 mg urea + 0.40 mg ionol; 1.00 mg AK - 3.00 mg urea + 1.00 mg ionol (the ratio of arachidonic acid to urea is 1: 1, 1: 3 and 1: 8, respectively). In option 4, the solution contained 0.03 mg AK + 0.09 mg urea, but without ionol. 1 ml of an alcoholic solution was diluted in 1 l of water to obtain a working solution. The standard was the drug El-1. In the working solution, the seeds of the Nightingale cultivar were soaked for 30 minutes, then they were germinated and, after counting the germinated seeds, seedlings were grown up to 14 days old under optimal conditions. The experimental data are presented in table 8, Fig. 8. As can be seen from the data, the composition stimulated the germination of cucumber seeds, increasing germination by 25% in comparison with the control. The composition was more effective than the standard. Under the action of the composition, the diameter of the stem of seedlings increased (by 41-42%), the wet and dry weight increased significantly (3 times more than in the standard version).

Example 7. The effect of the claimed composition on the growth, development, yield and resistance of Sante potatoes to diseases.

Potatoes of the medium early variety Sante (Agrico, Netherlands) were grown according to the agrotechnics generally accepted for the Central Non-Chernozem zone.

After processing, seed tubers were planted in pre-cut ridges according to the scheme 70 × 35 cm. Planting depth 8-10 cm, planting rate 2.6 t / ha, planting density of tubers at the rate of 41 thousand pcs. on 1 ha. The total area of field experimental plots: 50 m ² , repetition - four times, placement - randomized. The preparation of a solution of the drug is described in example 6, excluding ionol in option 3.

Scheme of experience:

1. Control without processing

2. The standard. El-1. Treatment of tubers before planting, the consumption of the drug is 1.4 ml / t, the flow rate of the working solution is 10 l / t; double spraying: 1st in the phase of full germination, 2nd in the phase of budding - the beginning of flowering, the flow rate of the drug is 10 ml / ha, the flow rate of the working solution is 300 l / ha.

3. A mixture of arachidonic acid + urea + ionol with ratios of arachidonic acid to urea 1: 1, 1: 3 and 1: 8 (see table 9, Fig. 9). Processing of tubers before planting, drug consumption 10 ml / t, working solution consumption 10 l / t; spraying plants in the budding phase, the consumption of the drug is 300 ml / ha, the flow rate of the working solution is 300 l / ha.

Claims (3)

1. A composition for increasing drought and frost resistance of plants while maintaining the effects of increasing productivity and protecting against diseases, including arachidonic acid and urea, characterized in that it additionally contains an organic solvent - lower alcohol with 1-4 carbon atoms, arachidonic acid and urea are taken in a ratio between 1: 1 to 1: 8, with the following ratio of ingredients, mg per 1 ml of organic solvent: Arachidonic acid 0.01-1.00 Urea 0.01-3.00 2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises an antioxidant in the ratio to arachidonic acid 1: 1. 3. The composition according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains ionol as an antioxidant.

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