RU2262831C1 - Method for pea harvesting by direct combining process and apparatus for effectuating the same - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, harvesting of leguminous crops.

SUBSTANCE: method involves tearing stems from soil by means of strip-type pickup and cutting off in vertical plane from basic massif; transporting stems by header screw for threshing; pushing and simultaneously compacting stems in gap between strip-type pickup and header screw. Apparatus is made in the form of combine with strip-type pickup and vertical disk-type knives installed at both sides of combine and protruding forward in the direction of advancement of combine. Shaft located between strip-type pickup and header screw is provided with spiral fingers. Concave face of fingers is directed toward direction of rotation of shaft to thereby provide additional compaction of mass and partial threshing and leveling of mass.

EFFECT: increased efficiency and improved quality of harvesting leguminous crops.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the field of agricultural machinery.

There is a separate method for harvesting peas, including mowing the stalk in rolls with roller headers or mowers with swath makers, threshing the rolls with combine harvesters, including headers with a picker (Practical Guide for the development of intensive technology for cultivating peas. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1986, p.24; Harvesting grain and leguminous crops. - M: Rosselkhozizdat 1975, p. 8).

The disadvantages of the known method of harvesting peas are the presence of two phases of harvesting: the first is the mowing of biomass with a seed moisture content of 40-30% by legumes or grain reapers, as well as mowers equipped with swathers and stacking it in the swath; the second - threshing the rolls with combines at a seed moisture of 14-16%. During a period of decrease in seed moisture due to its drying in the rolls, cracking of beans occurs for some time and grain from them crumbles to the soil, i.e. goes to irreversible losses. The presence of winds, dry winds, and even more precipitation during the drying period of the rolls can lead to 100% yield loss. In addition, with the known method - increased fuel consumption and significant operating costs due to mowing the stalk in the roll with its subsequent selection and threshing in the combine instead of harvesting in one pass of the combine.

A known method of harvesting peas and a device for its implementation, where harvesting is carried out by direct combining, which consists in cutting the pulp through the header of the combine harvester, including reel, transportation and threshing the cut mass (Operational technology for cultivating and harvesting legumes. - M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1987 , p. 92).

The disadvantages of the known method and device for its implementation are the increased level of crop losses and clogging of the working bodies of the pulp. During pea harvesting, the reel enters the stalk and separates a portion of pea stalks, leads them to the cutting apparatus and places the cut stems on the header platform. When the reel strips come into contact with the leguminous mass, the bean flaps burst, as direct harvesting is carried out at full grain maturity. And this leads to shedding of grain on the soil.

In addition, the cutting apparatus of the header, moving reciprocatingly, has an oscillatory effect on the stems at the moment of their cutting, thereby causing the bean to be ground out, as a result of which the grain falls on the soil, i.e. goes to irreversible losses.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed technical solution is a method of harvesting peas by direct combining, including the operations of separating the stems from the soil by tearing them off with a conveyor belt and cutting off the leaf-stem mass in a vertical plane from the main array, transporting it to threshing and a device for its implementation containing a combine harvester with an inclined chamber, a threshing device and a working body for separating the stems from the soil, made in the form of a tape picker, equipped with vertical circular knives mounted on both sides, carried forward along the direction of the harvester and equipped with flanges (RF Patent No. 2096942 “Method for harvesting peas by direct combining and a device for its implementation”, IPC A 01 D 91/04, 45 / 24, 1997 - prototype).

The disadvantage of the method adopted for the prototype is a violation of the process with a high yield of straw and increase its moisture content.

This is due to the fact that during the cutting of the stems with circular knives from the main array located on the side of the combine with the fingers tearing off the pickup from the soil and transporting them to threshing, mass unloading is observed in the space between the pickup and the pick-up screw of the pick-up platform and winding it onto the screw, which leads to to disruption of the process due to uneven mass supply and stopping the combine to clean the auger and the space between the belt picker and auger.

The technical solution to the problem is to increase the reliability of the pea harvesting process.

The objective is achieved in that in the known method of harvesting peas by direct combining, including the separation of the stems from the soil with a ribbon picker, cutting in a vertical plane from the main array, transporting them to threshing with a header having a screw, according to the invention, when transporting the stems in the interval from the tape picker to the screw headers push them with simultaneous compression. In the device for implementing the method of harvesting peas by direct combining, comprising a combine harvester with a header including a screw, a belt picker with vertical disc knives mounted on both sides, carried forward along the direction of the harvester, according to the invention, the header is equipped with a shaft with spiral fingers fixed to it installed between the belt pick-up and the screw with the possibility of displacement parallel to the longitudinal axis of the screw, and the fingers with the curved side facing in the direction of rotation of the shaft a and coincide with the direction of rotation of the auger.

The novelty of the claimed device is determined by the following technical result:

- pushing the stems in the interval from the pick-up to the header auger improves the capture condition of the pulp by the auger, which increases the stability of the process;

- the compression of the legume mass in the interval from the belt picker to the auger of the header improves the condition of its capture by the auger of the header, simultaneous pushing with compression of the leguminous mass increases the uniformity of its feeding into the auger and further into the threshing device, which improves the quality of the threshing process;

- supplying the header with a shaft enhances the rigidity of the header;

- supplying the shaft with fingers ensures its contact with the pulp mass, during which the movement of the mass and its partial threshing are ensured;

- the spiral-shaped shape of the fingers installed by the curved side in the direction of rotation of the shaft provides additional mass compaction by sliding it down along the finger and prevents the leaf-stem mass from being wound onto the shaft due to its sliding off the fingers when they exit the mass.

Installing the shaft between the belt pick-up and the screw parallel to the longitudinal axis of the screw ensures contact of the fingers with the leaf-stem mass in the zone of its “unloading”, which helps to equalize the uniformity of the mass supply to the working bodies.

Installing the shaft with the possibility of displacement provides an optimal mode of operation for different crop yields.

An analysis of the properties of the combination of features of the claimed device and the properties of the combination of features of the detected prototype and analogues showed that the combination of the features of the claimed device exhibits an enhanced property of the prototype — the steady flow of the process in conditions of increased productivity and humidity of the harvested crop, as well as a new property - reduction of grain damage due to partial threshing beans in front of the auger of the header (i.e. pre-threshing), the threshed grain separates through the concave and does not undergo deformation, since the threshing device does not pass through the exit gap.

Figure 1 shows a device for implementing the method, a top view; figure 2 is the same side view; figure 3 is a cross section of the roller installed in the gap between the tape picker and the screw.

The device for implementing the method comprises a platform 1 rigidly attached to the inclined chamber of the combine (not shown), which can be raised and lowered together with the inclined chamber.

The platform 1 comprises a supporting casing 2, inside which there is a drive screw 3 with a right-handed 4 and a left-handed winding 5. The casing 2 has a casing 6, which serves as a casing and a wind shield of the screw 3. In the middle part of the casing, at the junction of the platform 1 to the inclined chamber, there is an unloading window (not shown) that goes into the receiving window of the tilt chamber. In the middle part of the platform 1, the belt pick-up 7 is pivotally mounted, and the platform 1 is supported on the soil with the help of vertical circular knives 8. In the space between the belt pick-up 7 and the drive screw 3, an additional spring-loaded roller 9 is installed by the springs 10 on the supports 11, which move in the grooves 12 , thereby providing adjustment of the gap between the bottom of the platform 1 and the ends of the spiral fingers 13 located in a checkerboard pattern.

A method of harvesting peas using the specified device is as follows. When the combine is moving across the field at a speed of 7-10 km / h, the knives 8 cut off the tape of stems from the harvested array to a width not less than the width of the harvester, after which the cut tape of the stems is captured by fingers 14 of the belt pick-up 7 and moves to the additionally installed spring-loaded roller 9. Roller 9 captures the cut tape of the stems with spiral fingers 13, penetrating into the feed mass, fingers 13 partially destroy pea beans, comb the pea seeds from them, leveling the mass, and feed it onto the drive screw 3. Pea seeds impact mass conveyed in the screw feeder and threshing machine, where through the concave are separated without being affected threshed pests.

Using the proposed method of harvesting peas by direct combining and a device for its implementation in comparison with known methods and devices allows for a wide range of straw moisture and its high yield to exclude clogging of the screw and winding stems on it, as well as to conduct non-stop harvesting for cleaning and crop losses . Therefore, the proposed method of harvesting peas by direct combining and a device for its implementation provide a reduction in grain loss, fuel consumption by 15-20% and labor costs when harvesting in comparison with the known methods of harvesting, improving the quality of grain by reducing its mechanical crushing.

Claims (2)

1. A method of harvesting peas by direct combining, including separating the stems from the soil with a tape picker, cutting them in a vertical plane from the main array, transporting them to threshing with a reaper having a screw, characterized in that when transporting stems in the interval from the tape picker to the auger, they are pushed with simultaneous compression. 2. A device for harvesting peas by direct combining, comprising a combine harvester with a header including a screw, a belt picker with vertical circular knives mounted on both sides, carried forward in the direction of travel of the combine, characterized in that the header is equipped with a shaft with spiral fingers fixed to it forms installed between the belt pick-up and the screw with the possibility of displacement parallel to the longitudinal axis of the screw, and the fingers with the curved side facing in the direction of rotation of the shaft and coincide with HAND screw rotation.

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