RU2261264C1 - Petroleum products production process - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: petroleum processing.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of petroleum products used as feed stock in fractionation-mediated secondary processing processes as well as hydrocarbon binder in production of solid domestic and industrial fuels from peat, coal dust, and woodworking waste. Petroleum product production process envisages compounding crude oils and/or mixtures of middle and heavy distillates obtained in primary petroleum distillation in low-scale refineries. Distillates are produced from stabilized petroleums containing distillate fractions boiling away at 350°C to at least 45 wt %. Crude oils are compounded with distillates in weight proportion 7:(2.5-3). Advantageously, starting material is mixture of crude oils, gas condensate, and middle and heavy distillates from atmospheric and atmospheric-vacuum petroleum distillation. Distillates are taken off to 30% of the volume of hydrocarbon blend or hydrocarbon blend and crude oil. Blend may be supplemented by functional additive.

EFFECT: optimized proportions when mixing crude oil with distillates so that crude oil fractionation processes are stabilized.

8 cl, 4 ex

Description

The present invention, “A method for producing petroleum products” relates to the field of oil refining, specifically to a method for producing petroleum products used as raw materials in specific oil refining processes by fractionation, as well as raw materials for the petrochemical industry, as a hydrocarbon binder in the production of solid domestic and industrial fuels from peat, coal dust and wood processing waste (sawdust, wood chips, bark), and also as a preservative to protect wood from rotting and biodeterioration eny.

The well-known "Method of oil refining (options) and apparatus for their implementation", patent No. 2184764, publication date 2002.07.10, in which when implementing the method of oil refining include the stages of: atmospheric distillation of crude oil so that the crude oil is divided into bottoms and distillates, while the distillates consist of gas oil and fractions whose boiling point is lower than that of gas oil, and after the atmospheric distillation stage is completed, it includes a fractionation stage. With this method, the hydrodesulfurization carried out for each fraction from the fractions of petroleum light gas, kerosene, heavy naphtha and light naphtha in this technical field can be carried out jointly. Effect: simplification of the process. However, the solution to the stabilization of the process of fractionation of crude oil by dosed introduction of products of its processing is not the purpose of this invention.

The well-known "Method for the production of petroleum products", patent No. 2185419, publication date 2002.07.20, in which the initial oil is topped and the selected fractions are combined to obtain the target product, in a ratio of 80-85: 20-15, respectively, to produce diesel fuel. This method allows to reduce the loss of resources of diesel fuels and to expand the range of oil products obtained by obtaining additional marketable products, however, it does not allow to simplify technological equipment and save resources without compromising the characteristics of commercial products.

Closest to the proposed method is “Method for the production of distillate fractions”, patent No. 2171271, publication date 2001.07.27, according to which, by vacuum distillation of the residues of atmospheric distillation of oil (fuel oil), the fuel oil obtained by distillation of highly viscous and low-viscosity oils is mixed in amount, wt.%: 30-50 from high viscosity and 50-70 from low viscosity oil. This method allows by vacuum distillation of oil residues to increase the yield of distillate by vacuum distillation, which is subjected to the oil residue obtained by mixing the residues of high-viscosity and low-viscosity oils, containing 30-50 wt.% Of the residue of atmospheric distillation of high-viscosity oil. However, with this method, the issue of the rational use of the metered introduction of distillates is not resolved while stabilizing the fractionation process of the original oil and crude oil-based composites.

Changing the amount of highly viscous residue in the mixture leads to a decrease in the yield of distillate fractions obtained by vacuum distillation of the oil residue. The advantages of the proposed method are to increase the stabilization of the fractionation process of the original oil and crude oil-based composites due to the optimal, metered mixing of crude oil and intermediate products of its processing (atmospheric vacuum distillation of oil) of medium and heavy distillates.

In order to obtain stabilized gasoline, kerosene, diesel fractions, residual heavy fuels (fuel oils) by fractionation, as well as to use a technological hydrocarbon composite as a raw material for the petrochemical industry, or as a hydrocarbon binder in the production of solid household and industrial fuels from peat, coal dust and wood processing waste (sawdust, wood chips, bark), or as a preservative to protect wood from rot and biodeterioration, it is advisable to apply up to The introduction of refined products of crude oil or petroleum composites based on it - medium and heavy distillates. At the same time, stabilization of the fractionation process of source oil and crude oil-based composites is achieved.

When implementing the proposed method, the following technical result is achieved - when using the simplest technological equipment of mini-refineries, to achieve resource savings in the further distillation of oil without affecting the performance of commercial products. At the same time, the most efficient use of medium and heavy distillates obtained at mini-refineries during the further processing or use of crude oil is achieved.

The problem is solved as follows.

A method for producing petroleum products consists in compounding (mixing) crude oils and / or a mixture of medium and heavy distillates obtained during the primary distillation of oil at mini-refineries.

The method is characterized in that the distillates are obtained on the basis of stabilized oils containing distillate fractions boiling up to 350 ° C of at least 45 wt.%, And crude oils are combined with distillates in a proportion of wt.% - not more than 7 to 3 and not less than 7 to 2.5. In this case, an oil composite based on crude oil is obtained. In addition, derivatives of crude oils and mixtures of medium and heavy distillates obtained during the primary distillation of oil at mini-refineries can be taken.

As derivatives of crude oils, a mixture of crude oil with gas condensate, collected crude oil waste or other crude derivatives thereof can be taken.

The oil product is obtained in the form of a technological hydrocarbon composite, which is the final product for industrial use or an intermediate product for subsequent deeper technological processing, consisting in the fact that it is made on the basis of natural stabilized oils of light and medium density and medium or heavy distillates obtained at atmospheric or atmospheric vacuum distillation of oil in a volume of up to 30% by volume of a process hydrocarbon composite. Either the oil product is obtained in the form of a technological hydrocarbon composite, which is the final product for industrial use or an intermediate product for subsequent deeper technological processing, consisting in the fact that it is made on the basis of a mixture of oils and gas condensate and medium density and medium or heavy distillates obtained during atmospheric or atmospheric vacuum distillation of oil in a volume of up to 30% by volume of a process hydrocarbon composite. A method of manufacturing a technological hydrocarbon composite, which is the final product for industrial use or an intermediate product for subsequent deeper technological processing, is that it is made on the basis of crude petroleum composites containing at least 45% of the volatile fraction boiling up to 350 ° C at atmospheric pressure and medium density and medium or heavy distillates obtained by atmospheric or atmospheric vacuum distillation of oil in a volume of up to 30% by volume of a techno composite matic hydrocarbon.

A technological hydrocarbon composite is also made using a mixture of medium and heavy distillates obtained by atmospheric or atmospheric vacuum distillation of oil in a volume together of up to 30% of the volume of a technological hydrocarbon composite.

A functional hydrocarbon additive, for example, stabilizing, dispersing, washing, etc., can be added to a technological hydrocarbon composite.

As a result of the implementation of this method receive an oil composite with the following physico-chemical parameters:

Kinematic viscosity, mm ² / s - at 50 ° С no more 0.8-5.0 Mass fraction of mechanical impurities,% no more 0.1-0.5 Mass fraction of sulfur,% no more: For low sulfur 0.75-1.0 For sulphurous 1.0-2.0 For sour 2.0-2.8 Mass fraction of water,% no more 0.3-1.0

Ash content,% no more 0.01-0.1 Acidity, mg KOH per 100 cm ^{3 of} product, not more than 0.1-0.7 Flash point in a closed crucible, ° С, not less thirty Pour point, ° C, not higher twenty Density, kg / m ³ at 20 ° С no more 810-920 Coking ability,% no more 95.0 Calorific value (lower) in terms of dry. top., kcal / kg no less 6.0 Fractional composition to a temperature of 350 ° C distilled not less than% 45

In this case, upon receipt of petroleum composites by the proposed method, the class of petroleum products is increased by reducing the content of chlorine and sulfur-containing substances. In addition, the end user receives a composite that is already ready for further use, which does not require preparatory work from the user for its further use.

In addition, the basic stabilization parameters of the oil product are improved by reducing the saturated vapor pressure in closed containers for storage and transportation, which means that the safety and environmental friendliness of transportation and further processing of the oil product, in the case of the oil composite in question, are improved.

The proposed production method is as follows. The proposed method for the production of a petroleum technological hydrocarbon composite for deep further processing is carried out in three stages.

Stage 1 - at the installation of primary oil distillation, preliminary distillation of crude oil is carried out to obtain light (LD), medium (DM) and heavy (TD) distillates.

Before preparing the composite, an input control of the components used is carried out for compliance with regulatory and technical documentation. Then check the compliance of the results of the analysis of the components with the passport data. Then check the number of components in the tanks (tanks) and their compliance with the standards of the passport.

Stage 2 - choose the technological mode of preparation (compounding) of the composite. The required predetermined amount of the first component is pumped from storage tank No. 1 through a piping system to a mixing plant for the main product and components. The required predetermined amount of the second component is pumped from storage tank No. 2 to the component mixing plant. The required predetermined amount of the third component is pumped from storage tank No. 3 to the component mixing plant. The supply of fuel components to the mixing plant is carried out by pumps with a given capacity for control.

Stage 3 - compounding of the oil composite is carried out in strict accordance with the specified technological regime. As the composite is mixed, a sample is taken from three levels every hour. Compounding of the composite is carried out until the specified quality indicators are achieved. The composite is analyzed in the laboratory according to the following indicators: viscosity, density, and mixture stability. After compounding of the composite, a sample is taken from mixing tanks from three levels. Composites are analyzed for compliance with technical specifications. The finished composite is pumped into storage tanks, observing the loading scheme. The sequence of actions of the second stage is periodically repeated in the specified sequence depending on the number of manufactured composite. A composite that meets the requirements of technical specifications is subject to shipment, storage or further processing. The specified sequence of actions is illustrated in diagram 1.

Example 1

Stage 1 - control the source oil and place it in tank 0, receive it at the oil terminal by primary distillation and place the following oil product in tanks, respectively:

Component 1 - LD place it in the tank 1

Component 2 - LEDs place it in a container 2

Component 3 - TD place it in the tank 3

In this case, the physicochemical characteristics of petroleum products are:

viscosity at 20 ° С, cSt - 25.0

Density at 20 ° С, g / cm ³ - 0.8630

And the physico-chemical characteristics of the oil products obtained after the initial distillation of this oil are:

Viscosity at 20 ° С, cSt

Component 1, LD - 1.7 Component 2 LED - 5.5 Component 3, TD - 8.0

Density at 20 ° C, g / cm ³ :

Component 1, LD - 0.8006 Component 2 LED - 0.8200 Component 3, TD - 0.8450

Stage 2 - pump the initial oil in the amount of 700 tons from tank 0 to the compounding unit of the components, pump the products of the primary distillation of oil and place it in the compounding unit, tons -

Component 1 - LD100 from tank 1

Component 2 - SD100 from tank 2

Component 3 - TD100 from tank 3

Get a composite hydrocarbon technological.

In this case, the compounding speed of the components is determined from the required volume of the composite and is regulated by the performance of the installation. In this case, the installation capacity is regulated to obtain 1000 tons of composite.

Stage 3 - get an oil composite with the following calculated parameters: p ₂₀ g / cm ³ = 0.8647 and V ₂₀ cSt = 12.84, with a given amount of composite at the output - 1000 tons.

Example 2

Stage 1 - control the source oil and place it in tank 0, receive it at the oil terminal by primary distillation and place the following oil product in tanks, respectively:

Component 2 - LEDs place it in a container 2

In this case, the physicochemical characteristics of oil are:

viscosity at 20 ° С, cSt - 23.0

Density at 20 ° С, g / cm ³ - 0.8570

And the physico-chemical characteristics of the oil products obtained after the initial distillation of this oil are:

Viscosity at 20 ° С, cSt Component 2, LED - 5.7 Density at 20 ° C, g / cm ³ Component 2, LED - 0.8106

Stage 2 - pump the initial oil in the amount of 700 tons from tank 0 to the component compounding unit, pump the products of primary oil distillation and place it in the component compounding plant, tons -

Component 2 - SD-300 from tank 2

Get a composite hydrocarbon technological.

In this case, the compounding speed of the components is determined from the required volume of the composite and is regulated by the performance of the installation. In this case, the installation capacity is regulated to obtain 1000 tons of composite.

Stage 3 - an oil composite is obtained with the following design parameters: p ₂₀ g / cm ³ = 0.8431 and V ₂₀ cSt = 14.22, a given amount of composite 1000 tons.

Example 3

Stage 1 - control the source oil and place it in tank 0, receive it at the oil terminal by primary distillation and place the following oil product in tanks, respectively:

Component 2 - LEDs place it in a container 2

Component 3 - TD place it in the tank 3

In this case, the physicochemical characteristics of oil are:

Viscosity at 20 ° С, cSt - 20.0

Density at 20 ° С, g / cm ³ - 0.8590

And the physico-chemical characteristics of the oil products obtained after the initial distillation of this oil are:

Viscosity at 20 ° С, cSt

Component 2, LED - 4.7

Component 3, TD - 7.5

Density at 20 ° C, g / cm ³

Component 2, SD - 0.8106

Component 3, TD-0.8300

Stage 2 - pump the initial oil in the amount of 700 tons from tank 0 to the compounding unit of the components, pump the products of the primary distillation of oil and place it in the compounding unit, tons -

Component 2 - SD-150 from tank 2

Component 3 - TD-150 from tank 3

Get a composite hydrocarbon technological.

In this case, the compounding speed of the components is determined from the required volume of the composite and is regulated by the performance of the installation. In this case, the installation capacity is regulated to obtain 1000 tons of composite.

Stage 3 - an oil composite is obtained with the following design parameters: p ₂₀ g / cm ³ = 0.8474 and V ₂₀ cSt = 19.15, a given amount of composite 1000 tons.

Example 4

Stage 1 - control the source oil and place it in tank 0, receive it at the oil terminal by primary distillation and place the following oil product in tanks, respectively:

Component 3 - TD place it in the tank 3

In this case, the physicochemical characteristics of oil are:

Viscosity at 20 ° С, cSt - 20.0

Density at 20 ° С, g / cm ³ - 0.8520

And the physico-chemical characteristics of the oil products obtained after the initial distillation of this oil are:

Viscosity at 20 ° С, cSt Component 3, TD - 6.7

Density at 20 ° C, g / cm ³ Component 3, TD-0.8406

Stage 2 - pump the initial oil in the amount of 700 tons from tank 0 to the component compounding unit, pump the products of primary oil distillation and place it in the component compounding plant, tons -

Component 3 - T.D.-300 from tank 3

Get a composite hydrocarbon technological.

In this case, the compounding speed of the components is determined from the required volume of the composite and is regulated by the performance of the installation. In this case, the installation capacity is regulated to obtain 1000 tons of composite.

Stage 3 - an oil composite is obtained with the following design parameters: p ₂₀ g / cm ³ = 0.8486 and V ₂₀ cSt = 13.97, a given amount of composite 1000 tons.

Calculations for viscosity and density are carried out on the basis of a computer program that uses density calculation according to the mixing rule based on the additivity law of mixed volumes, and viscosity using the ASTM method based on the logarithmic law. As a result, the ratio of oil and distillates 7 to 2.5-3.0 with the initial physico-chemical characteristics of oil and distillates, respectively, provide a composite with calculated parameters in acceptable intervals.

This, in turn, makes it possible to achieve, by using the simplest technological equipment of mini-refineries, resource savings in the further distillation of oil without compromising the characteristics of commercial products.

Claims (8)

1. A method of producing petroleum products, which consists in compounding crude oils and / or a mixture of medium and heavy distillates obtained during the primary distillation of oil at mini-refineries, characterized in that the distillates are obtained on the basis of stabilized oils containing distillate fractions boiling up to 350 ° C not less than 45 wt.%, and crude oils are combined with distillates in proportion, wt.% - not more than 7 to 3 and not less than 7 to 2.5. 2. The method of producing petroleum products according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixture of crude oil with gas condensate collected by crude oil waste or other crude derivatives is taken as a crude oil derivative. 3. The method of producing petroleum products according to claim 1, characterized in that the petroleum product is the final product for industrial use or an intermediate product for subsequent deeper technological processing, consisting in the fact that it is made on the basis of natural stabilized oils of light and medium density and medium or heavy distillates obtained by atmospheric or atmospheric vacuum distillation of oil in an amount up to 30% by volume of a process hydrocarbon composite. 4. The method of producing petroleum products according to claim 1, characterized in that the petroleum product is the final product for industrial use or an intermediate product for subsequent deeper technological processing, consisting in the fact that it is made on the basis of a mixture of oils and gas condensate and medium density and medium or heavy distillates obtained by atmospheric or atmospheric vacuum distillation of oil in a volume of up to 30% by volume of a process hydrocarbon composite. 5. The method of producing petroleum products according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the petroleum product is a technological hydrocarbon composite made by mixing a mixture of medium and heavy distillates obtained by atmospheric or atmospheric vacuum distillation of oil in a volume together of up to 30% by volume of the technological hydrocarbon composite and crude oil. 6. The method of producing petroleum products according to claim 5, characterized in that a functional additive is added to the technological hydrocarbon composite. 7. The method of producing petroleum products according to claim 6, characterized in that the functional additive is a dispersing additive. 8. The method of producing petroleum products according to claim 6, characterized in that the functional additive is a detergent additive.