RU2260545C1 - Method of forming lift force and device for realization of this method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aviation; vertical takeoff and landing flying vehicles; hoisting units.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method includes reduction of pressure in closed space above lifting surface at presence of atmospheric pressure under it; lift force is created due to difference between said pressures; closed space is formed by closing the upper open portion of chamber by flat jet of liquid. Provision may be also made for evacuation of air from closed space by means of vacuum pump. Device for creating the lift force has at least one body with lift force and at least one unit for forming the closed space at reduction of pressure above respective surface. Each body is made in form of chamber which is open at the top and bottom forming the lifting surface. Each unit for forming the closed space is made in form of slotted nozzle connected with liquid supply unit and located in upper portion of respective chamber for creating the lift force closing the upper open part of chamber for forming closed space inside it. Chambers may be located one above another so that their lifting surfaces are parallel or lie in one plane. At least one chamber may have lifting surface located at angle relative to horizontal plane. Chamber may be rectangular in section parallel to lifting surface; slotted nozzle mounted on its side surface may form rectangular or round lift force when slotted nozzle is round in shape and is located in chamber concentrically relative to its section for creating diverging circular lift force. Each chamber may have inlet hole of intake passage opposite slotted nozzle; said passage is connected with reservoir connected in its turn with liquid supply unit.

EFFECT: improved technical parameters of flying vehicle and hoisting unit.

11 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The group of inventions relates to means creating a lifting force, and can be used both in lifting devices and in aircraft heavier than air, using engine power. This method avoids the downward air flow and use the device in aircraft with vertical take-off and landing.

Currently, the most widespread method of obtaining lift, when the air flow from the working in the horizontal plane of the screw is directed down, thereby creating a lift of the aircraft. This principle is based on the flight of a helicopter and some other types of aircraft. Also often used is a method in which a gas jet is directed downward from a working jet engine, for example a rocket. One of the known methods of obtaining lifting force is to create excess pressure in a limited volume under the device itself, as, for example, in an air cushion vessel, however, with a minimum height of rise above the surface.

Closest to the proposed invention is a method of creating a lifting force, which uses a circular, stationary horizontal surface, which is the bearing plane. Above it, using a jet of gas from a jet engine, a gas-air flow is generated, which is directed uniformly from the center in all directions in such a way that it contacts the surface only in its peripheral part, creating a closed space between the surface and the gas stream, in which an ejection is created some rarefaction, which due to the pressure difference under the plane and above it creates a lifting force (US patent No. 5031859). The described method is implemented by a device comprising a housing with a bearing flat horizontal surface and means for creating a closed volume with reduced pressure above this surface, made in the form of a jet engine, the nozzle apparatus of which is made with an annular slot placed with a ledge above the middle part of this surface, so that between it and the gas stream creates a closed volume with reduced pressure (US patent No. 5031859). To achieve a similar effect, a method is proposed in which the gas stream is replaced by a rotating rotor with blades (Russian patent No. 2184658).

All known methods and devices have a number of significant drawbacks, such as, for example, the use of a very complicated in design, and therefore very expensive and difficult to operate jet engine, the size and fuel consumption of which make it difficult to use when creating light aircraft. In the case of using a rotor with blades, any, but still powerful engine can be used to create sufficient lifting force. All these methods allow to obtain significant values of lifting force when using propulsion systems, which, as a rule, have significant weight and low efficiency.

The present invention ensures the achievement of a technical result, which consists in simplifying the method and device, reducing energy consumption and increasing efficiency, which allows you to create a device without all of the above disadvantages, and with it to create a lifting device or aircraft with high technical performance.

This result is achieved by the fact that to create a lifting force, a pressure difference is used at which atmospheric pressure is excessive. For this, a closed volume with reduced pressure inside this volume is used, the upper boundary of this closed volume being a layer of moving fluid. The use of liquid as a working fluid in this device is due to the fact that the liquid has a density of about 1000 times higher than air, which allows the use of small speeds of the liquid in the proposed device.

The specified technical result in terms of the method is achieved by the fact that in the method of creating a lifting force by lowering the pressure in a closed volume above the bearing surface in the presence of atmospheric pressure under it, due to the difference of which there is a lifting force, the closed volume is formed by overlapping the upper open part of the chamber with a flat jet liquids.

In addition, they further reduce the pressure in the closed volume by pumping air out of it with a vacuum pump.

In terms of the device, the technical result is achieved in that the device for creating a lifting force comprises at least one body with a bearing surface and at least one means for creating a closed volume with reduced pressure over the corresponding surface, each body being hollow, open on top and with a bottom forming a bearing surface, and each means for creating a closed volume is made in the form of a slit-like nozzle connected to a liquid supply means and placed in the upper part of the joint sponds camera with the ability to create a flat jet of liquid overlying the upper open portion of the chamber to form a closed cavity in its volume.

The device may contain two or more chambers located one above the other, so that their bearing surfaces are parallel.

In another embodiment, the device may comprise two or more chambers arranged so that their bearing surfaces lie in the same plane.

In the third embodiment, it may contain three chambers or more, at least two of which are located one above the other, so that their bearing surfaces are parallel, and at least two of which are located so that their bearing surfaces lie in one plane .

In addition, at least one camera may be configured to position the bearing surface at an angle to the horizontal plane.

The cavity of each chamber can be connected to a vacuum pump.

The chambers may have a rectangular shape in cross section parallel to the bearing surface, and a slit-like nozzle is mounted on its side surface with the possibility of forming a rectangular flat jet.

In another embodiment, each chamber may have a circular shape in cross section parallel to the bearing surface, the nozzle also has a circular shape and is placed in the chamber concentrically to its cross section with the possibility of creating a diverging annular plane stream of liquid.

In addition, on each chamber opposite the slit-like nozzle, there is an inlet of the receiving channel connected to the reservoir, which is connected to the fluid supply means.

The proposed invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 presents a schematic diagram of a device with a rectangular camera.

Figure 2 is an embodiment of a device with cameras arranged in a horizontal row.

Figure 3 is an embodiment of a device with cameras located one above the other.

Figure 4 is an embodiment of a device with an inclined camera.

Figure 5 is an embodiment of a device with a circular chamber.

The device for obtaining the lifting force shown in figure 1, is a hollow rectangular chamber 1, consisting of a durable material, which has only the bottom and side walls and there is no upper surface. A slit-like nozzle 2 adjacent to the upper part of the chamber 1 is installed at the level of the absent upper surface of this housing and having the same width. The slit-like nozzle 2 is selected or adjusted to such an optimum thickness of the moving layer (stream) of liquid 3, which allows creating and maintaining an inextricable layer of moving liquid 3 along the entire length and width of the open part of the chamber 1 by changing the speed of outflow from the nozzle.

The bottom of the chamber 1 is a bearing surface 10. The slit-like nozzle 2 is connected to the liquid supply means made in the form of a liquid pump 5 with an engine 4 connected to the reservoir 6. On the side wall of the chamber 1, opposite the slit-like nozzle 2, there is an inlet of the receiving channel 7 for fluid connected to the reservoir 6. The cavity 8 of the chamber 1 can be connected to a vacuum pump 9.

The device operates as follows. In the idle state, all cavities of the device freely communicate with atmospheric air and, therefore, the pressure (P _atm ) in all cavities of the housing will be the same. When the engine 4 is started, a liquid pump 5 is activated, which starts to supply liquid from the tank 6 to the slit-like nozzles 2. By adjusting the liquid supply to the slit-like nozzles 2, an optimal layer of moving liquid 3 (stream) is established, which covers absolutely the entire upper, absent part of the chamber 1 The used liquid along the guides 7 enters the tank 6, from where, making a circuit, it is again pumped 5 to the slit-like nozzles 2. Now the cavity 8, which is located under the moving layer of liquid 3, is separated from tmosfernogo air, as well as moving water molecules quenched kinetic energy of the air molecules, the atmospheric pressure on the moving liquid layer 3 outside is no longer valid. Further, due to the ejection of air under a layer of moving fluid 3, there is a decrease in air pressure (P _kam ) in the closed chamber 8, and under the bottom of the chamber 1 the pressure remains atmospheric. The difference of these pressures (P _atm > P _kam ) will create a lifting force (F _under ), the value of which will depend on the degree of rarefaction in a closed chamber, under a layer of moving fluid 3 and will increase in direct proportion to the vacuum. It is possible to sharply increase the lifting force (P _under ) by forced pumping of air by a vacuum pump 9 from a closed cavity 8. The volume of the rarefaction chamber does not matter at all and can be arbitrarily small.

To obtain a more stable and inextricable moving layer of fluid above the chamber, the total fluid flow from the pump is divided into several parts and sent to a number of narrower chambers 1 (figure 2). In this case, the surface tension forces of the moving fluid layer 3 will support a more stable and inextricable layer. To increase the lifting force (F _under ) by several times and to limit the size of the device, the cameras 1 or the rows of cameras 1 are arranged one above the other in two, three or more layers (Fig. 3), so that the bearing surfaces 10 of the cameras 1 in each row lie in one plane, and in different rows - parallel to each other.

When the moving fluid layer is in the horizontal plane, the lifting force (F _under ) of the device is directed vertically upward. When you change the angle of inclination α of the layer of moving fluid 3 in the range from 0 to 90 ° relative to the horizontal position, the lifting force acquires a horizontal component (F _mountains ) that increases in direct proportion to the angle of inclination α (Fig. 4). This allows the device to move in any direction, not only in the vertical, but also in the horizontal plane. The device can be made in such a way that part of the chambers 1 remains stationary in the horizontal plane and will only create lifting force, and part of the chambers will rotate by a certain angle α, giving the device speed in one direction or another.

A device for creating a lifting force can be made in the form of a round or conical chamber 1, in the center of which there is an annular slit-like nozzle 2, which creates an unbroken fluid flow uniformly directed in different directions and forming a layer of moving fluid in the form of a ring (Fig. 5). Other geometric shapes of the chamber and nozzle are possible.

This device allows you to use any small engine with low weight and low specific fuel consumption to drive liquid and vacuum pumps, which is a prerequisite for creating light aircraft.

Claims (11)

1. A method of creating a lifting force by lowering the pressure in a closed volume above a bearing surface in the presence of atmospheric pressure under it, due to the difference of which a lifting force arises, characterized in that the closed volume is formed by blocking the upper open part of the chamber with a flat stream of liquid. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further reduces the pressure in the closed volume by pumping air from it with a vacuum pump. 3. A device for creating a lifting force comprising at least one body with a bearing surface and at least one means for creating a closed volume with reduced pressure over the corresponding surface, characterized in that each body is made in the form of a chamber open from above and with a bottom forming a bearing surface, and each means for creating a closed volume is made in the form of a slit-like nozzle connected to the liquid supply means and placed in the upper part of the corresponding chamber with the possibility of creating anija flat liquid jets overlapping upper open portion of the chamber to form a closed cavity in its volume. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that it contains two or more chambers located one above the other so that their bearing surfaces are parallel. 5. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that it contains two or more chambers located one above the other so that their bearing surfaces lie in the same plane. 6. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that it contains three or more chambers, at least two of which are located one above the other so that their bearing surfaces are parallel, and at least two of which are located so that their bearing surfaces lie in one plane. 7. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that at least one camera is arranged to position the bearing surface at an angle to the horizontal plane. 8. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the cavity of each chamber is connected to a vacuum pump. 9. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the camera has a rectangular shape in cross section parallel to the bearing surface, and a slit-like nozzle is mounted on its side surface with the possibility of forming a rectangular flat jet. 10. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that each chamber has a circular shape in cross section parallel to the bearing surface, the nozzle also has a circular shape and is placed in the chamber concentrically to its cross section with the possibility of creating a diverging annular plane stream of liquid. 11. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that on each chamber opposite the slit-like nozzle there is an inlet of the receiving channel connected to the reservoir, which is connected to the fluid supply means.

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