RU2259062C2 - Method for production of feed for sea-urcin and feed - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: feed production, in particular feed for sea-urcin during completion of growing to increase its gonads and to improve caviar quality.

SUBSTANCE: claimed method includes fish skin application as protein source. Skins are charged into pressure cooker and boiled for 1-1.5 h under excessive pressure 1.5 atm and at temperature of 120°C. Obtained product is crushed to produce homogeneous mass. In prepared mass while continuously agitation algae flour is added to produce spread homogenized gelled mass, which presents in finished feed in form of hard-backed dark-colored jujube. In another embodiment in homogeneous mass together with algae flour carotene-containing raw materials of plant or animal origin and/or vitamins and/or premixes are added. Claimed feed contains 70-80 wt.% of homogeneous mass obtained after fish skin boiling and balance: algae flour. Additional components, such as carotene-containing products, and/or vitamins and/or premixes are used in amount sufficient to provide daily requirement of sea-ursins.

EFFECT: feed composition with improved nutritional value containing ready and inexpensive components; simplified technology; accelerated urcin gonad growth; and caviar with improved quality.

6 cl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to mariculture, in particular to the production of feed for aquatic organisms.

The food is intended for feeding sea urchins during rearing in order to increase their gonads and improve the quality of caviar.

The need to grow aquatic organisms is due to the fact that the nutritional value of the gonad of the sea urchin, for example, the species Strongulylocentrotus droebachinensis, reaches its maximum mass, density and elasticity - marketable in the pre-spawning period. They spawn from February on the west of the Murmansk coast, and during the year hedgehogs with gonads are found at different stages of maturity.

The world experience of industrial echinoculture proves that the commercial quality of caviar can be improved by feeding hedgehogs under artificial conditions with various types of natural or artificial feed.

The work of scientists shows that sea urchins are heury-, necro- or detritophages. Data were obtained on the high intensity of consumption by hedgehogs of different types of animal feed, inaccessible or completely inaccessible to them in natural conditions.

When conducting experiments in an aquarium, sea urchins consumed the most intensively mussels, kelp, agar mixture, fish, an artificial mixture of milk powder and agar (Mironov A.N., 1985, Levin B.C., 1987, Lawrence, 1975).

It has been established that the nutritional value of artificial feeds, including carbohydrates and easily assimilable fish proteins, is significantly higher than natural ones. Consumption of sea urchins of such feeds allows to accelerate the development of gonad urchins and improve their presentation.

Known feeds for sea urchins, the basis of which is a source of protein (8-29%) - fish raw materials, such as fish feed, minced meat or fish waste, including skin. The remaining components of the feed can be a source of carbohydrates (up to 58%) - dry algae powder or algal residues after separation of alginate, as well as biologically active substances from kelp, sodium alginate (as a binding agent), minerals, carotenoids, vitamins, fish or vegetable fat cholesterol and the like

The ingredients are usually formulated into granules using binding agents such as agar, gelatin and others.

The closest in composition the prototype of the invention is food, including a protein source - pollock minced fish, dry powder from Japanese kelp and sodium alginate (1%) as a binding agent. Food is prepared in the form of granules that have a dense consistency, are slightly soluble in water, do not float (Sedova L.G., Bregman Yu.E., Aminina N.M., Podkorytova A.V. Influence of artificial feed on feed rate and growth gonads in sea urchins Strongylocentrotus intermedius // Izv. TINRO. - 2000. - T.127. - S.512-523).

Perhaps the analogue of the invention could be food for sea urchins, produced by the Norwegian association Miljöprozess AS in Botfjord, the basis of which is fish waste, including skin, but the rest of the food components are unknown to us, as they are kept secret. At this feed, hedgehogs grow very quickly: in two months, the average content of caviar rises from 8 to 19%, and the quality of the caviar meets all the requirements of the Japanese market (Fish farm Ser.: Marikultura. Analit. And ref. Info / VNIERH . - 2000. - Iss. 3. - S.14-15).

A method for the production of food for sea urchins, in particular the green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachinensis, which lives in the coast of the Barents Sea, is proposed.

The method involves the use of fish skins as a source of protein and a binding agent. The skins obtained after preparing the fillet (fresh or frozen) are placed in an autoclave and cook for 1-1.5 hours at an overpressure of 1.5 atm and a temperature of 120 ° C.

When cooking fish skins, a thick sticky mass is obtained, which in the feed is not only a source of protein, but also a binding agent. The resulting product is unloaded and, not allowing to cool, crushed in a meat grinder to obtain a homogeneous mass. Algae flour is added to the finished mass with constant stirring for the purpose of homogenization at a ratio of components, wt.%: Homogeneous mass of cooked fish skins 70-80, algal flour the rest. Mixing is carried out until a paste-like gelled mass is obtained, which in the finished feed should have the form of a dried marmalade of dark color.

Alternatively, at the same time with algal flour, karatinoid-containing raw materials of animal or vegetable origin and / or vitamins or premixes are added to the homogeneous mass. Wastes from processing crustaceans can be used as sources of carotenoids of animal origin: shredded shrimp scrap, cooked wastes from crab processing, etc., and plant - extracts from carrots, etc. These additives can be mixed with algal flour before feed production or added at the same time.

Algal flour can be prepared from seaweed, readily eaten by sea urchins in nature, such as brown algae, kelp, etc.

The feed contains 70-80 wt.% A homogeneous mass obtained after cooking fish skin, and algal flour - the rest.

Additional components: carotenoid-containing products and / or vitamins or premixes are added in the amount necessary to meet the daily requirement of sea urchins for these feed components, the rest is algal flour.

The introduction of additional components is due to the fact that carotenoids play an important role in the biology of sea urchins (as they include antioxidants and vitamins), in the production of gonads and in obtaining eggs of the corresponding color by changing the composition of carotenoids in the feed. Caratinoids also increase the body's resistance to disease.

The finished paste-like gelled mass is formed into the desired shape, giving it the size and appearance, convenient for feeding sea urchins: plates, bars, cubes, etc.

The composition of the proposed feed for sea urchins contains readily available and inexpensive native components, the feedstock can be prepared in advance and stored for a long time.

The technology of feed production is simple, does not require expensive equipment. Ready food does not lose its native qualities during long-term storage.

Experimental tests have confirmed good efficiency when feeding the hedgehogs of the proposed feed.

Thus, experiments on the cultivation of green sea urchins Strongylocentrotus droebachinensis, carried out over 49 days in low water in August-September 2002 in the area of the Ural Bay of the Kola Peninsula, showed that the absolute daily gain of gonads in hedgehogs grown on artificial feed was two times higher than the growth of gonads in hedgehogs in natural conditions and exceeded the growth of gonads in hedgehogs fed with one kelp.

When feeding sea urchins with the proposed food, the absolute increase in gonads per day amounted to 0.177 g / day, when feeding only with kelp - 0.150, in natural conditions - 0.085.

The feed used had the form of sticks of dried marmalade of dark brown color with a moisture content of about 60% and contained 26% protein, 0.66% fat, 4.80% ash, 8.54% BEV.

The food was readily eaten by hedgehogs, during feeding it did not collapse in the water, there was little waste.

The increased nutritional value of artificial feeds, including fish proteins and carbohydrates, allowed to accelerate the development of gonad urchins and improve their presentation.

Example 1

100 kg of freshly frozen cod skins obtained after cutting the fish on a fillet were placed in an autoclave and cooked for 1.5 hours at an overpressure of 1.5 atm and a temperature of 120 ° C. Got a thick sticky mass.

The resulting product was unloaded and, not allowing to cool, crushed in a meat grinder and received a homogeneous mass. Before mixing the components, it was weighed, a standard flour from kelp was added to a cold mass with constant stirring for homogenization to obtain a paste-like gelled mass at a ratio of components, wt.%: A homogeneous mass prepared from cooked cod skins - 75, algal flour - the rest.

The finished food looked like dried dark marmalade.

The feed contained 75% of the homogeneous mass prepared from cod skins, the rest - kelp flour, with humidity - 60%.

The resulting feed contained 26% protein, 0.66% fat, 4.80% ash, 8.54% BEV.

Example 2

100 kg of freshly prepared cod skins obtained after cutting the fish on a fillet were placed in an autoclave and cooked for 1.5 h at an overpressure of 1.5 atm and a temperature of 120 ° C. Got a thick sticky mass.

The resulting product was unloaded and, not allowing to cool, crushed in a meat grinder and received a homogeneous mass. Before mixing the components, it was weighed and a standard flour from kelp was added to a cooling mixture with constant stirring to homogenize to obtain a paste-like gelled mass at a ratio of components, wt.%: A homogeneous mass prepared from cooked cod skins - 70, crushed shrimp scrap - 5 , algal flour - the rest. The finished food looked like dried dark marmalade.

The feed contained 70% of a homogeneous mass prepared from cod skins, and 5% of shrimp scrap shredded at the same time as algae flour of animal origin raw materials, the rest was kelp flour. The moisture content of the finished feed is 60%.

In practice, the additive can be mixed with algal flour or added at the same time as the feed production.

The food can be stored for a long time at a temperature of minus 5-10 ° С, it is easily formed.

Currently, the need for the development of echinoculture is not in doubt.

Artificial feeds make it possible to maintain gametogenesis in sea urchins throughout the year, reduce the time required to obtain commercial sea urchins, increase the production of urchin caviar and control its quality.

The use of the proposed feed makes it possible to obtain good results when rearing sea urchins, while it is quite simple to prepare, and the use of fish processing waste allows the introduction of non-waste hydrobiont processing technologies into production.

Claims (6)

1. A method of producing food for sea urchins, comprising mixing fish raw materials as a source of protein, crushed dry algae and a binding agent, characterized in that for mixing as a source of protein and a binding agent, fish skins are used that are pre-cooked in an autoclave for 1 -1.5 hours at an overpressure of 1.5 atm and a temperature of 120 ° C, the resulting product is crushed to obtain a homogeneous mass, algae flour is added to the resulting homogeneous mass with constant stirring until paste gelled mass with a ratio of components, wt.%: Homogeneous mass made from boiled fish skins 70-80, Algal flour rest, and the prepared mass is molded. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at the same time with algal flour, a carotenoid-containing raw material and / or vitamins or premixes are added to a homogeneous mass. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the production of feed use flour prepared from brown algae. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the production of feed use flour prepared from kelp. 5. Food for sea urchins, obtained by the method according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains 70-80 wt.% A homogeneous mass previously prepared from boiled fish skins, algal flour - the rest. 6. Food for sea urchins according to claim 5, characterized in that it contains 70-80 wt.% A homogeneous mass previously prepared from boiled fish skins, including carotenoid-containing raw materials and / or vitamins or premixes, in an amount necessary to meet daily requirements sea urchins in these components of the feed, algal flour - the rest.