RU2258213C1 - Device for testing filtering material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: investigating or analyzing materials.

SUBSTANCE: device for testing filtering materials comprises presser-tight vessel for fluid that receives mixer with a drive arranged along its axis. The outlet branch pipe underlies the vessel and has tree-way cock connected with the flow-type clamp for receiving the flat specimen. The device also has source of compressed gas connected with the top section of the vessel through the valve gate with the electric actuator whose supplying line is provided with the pressure gauge. The pressure-tight vessel filled with fluid is provided with the temperature sensor, which is provided with heat insulation and can be heated, four-way cock mounted downstream of the clamp, flow-type chamber for testing solid specimens, by-pass, and control unit. The pressure gauge and temperature sensor are connected with the inputs of the control unit. The outputs of the control unit are connected with the control inputs of the three-way and four-way cocks, mixer actuator, and heater of pressure-tight vessel. The outlet branch pipe of the vessel is additionally connected with the chamber for testing solid specimens through the special passage in the three-way cock, by-pass, and four-way cock.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of testing.

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Description

The invention relates to instrumentation and can be used in testing flat and volumetric samples of filter materials used to clean process fluids from mechanical impurities and free water in chemical, petrochemical and transport engineering.

A known installation for testing filter materials, containing a pump, a cartridge with the test material, a liquid flow meter, a thermally insulated tank, an agitator with a drive, pipelines with shutoff valves, pressure, temperature, and pressure differential gauges on the test sample / K.V. Rybakov. Filtration of aviation fuels. - M.: Transport, 1973, p. 46-48, Fig. 6 /.

The disadvantages of the installation are low efficiency and limited application, due to the fact that to maintain a given temperature of the liquid working medium, hot or cold water and ice are used. In addition, there is no possibility of changing the flow rate of the liquid, since a pump with an unregulated flow is used.

It is also known a device for evaluating the filtering ability of materials, containing a closed pipeline circuit with shut-off elements, consisting of a supply tank, a circulation pump, a pre-filter, a jet pump, the discharge zone of which is connected to the contaminant dispenser, a chamber for the material to be tested, equipped with a differential pressure sensor on the sample, a flow meter, a check valve, a hydraulic pulse simulator with a drive and a unit.

The disadvantage of this device is the limited list of filter materials used for cleaning liquids with a viscosity of not higher than 8 cSt at 20 ° C, due to the lack of equipment for heating viscous liquid media. In addition, there is no possibility of testing filter materials for the effectiveness of cleaning from free water and the possibility of changing the flow rate of the liquid, since a pump with an unregulated flow is used.

The closest in technical essence to the invention and taken as a prototype is a laboratory pump-free installation for testing filtration materials, containing a source of compressed gas, a fuel tank, an agitator placed along the axis of the tank, at the inlet of which there is a pressure gauge, a cartridge for the test sample of filter material / K .IN. Fishermen. Filtration of aviation fuels. - M.: Transport, 1973, p. 46-47, Fig. 5 /.

A disadvantage of the known laboratory setup is the low efficiency due to the measurement error due to the inability to create uniform contamination of the liquid working environment and the inability to test filter materials that are used to clean process fluids from mechanical impurities and free water with a viscosity of 3 cSt to 25 cSt at 20 ° C.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of studies of filter materials by expanding the range of tested materials used to clean process fluids from mechanical impurities and free water with a viscosity of not more than 25 cSt at 20 ° C.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the known installation for testing filter materials, containing a sealed tank for a liquid working medium, inside of which an agitator with a drive is placed along the axis, and a three-way valve connected to a flow-through chuck for placing a flat one is installed on the outlet pipe under the tank sample, and a source of compressed gas connected to the upper part of the tank through an electrically operated valve, in the supply line of which a pressure sensor is installed, according to the invention, on a temperature sensor of a liquid working medium in an airtight tank made with heat insulation, installed sequentially downstream of the chuck by a four-way valve, a flow chamber for studying bulk samples, a second pressure sensor installed at the inlet of the chamber for studying bulk samples, a bypass pipe and the control unit of the sequence of operations, the inputs of which are connected to the sensors of pressure and temperature of the liquid working medium, and the outputs of the control unit are connected to the input entrances of three- and four-way cranes, with a stirrer drive and with a sealed tank heater, while the tank outlet is additionally connected through the corresponding channel of the three-way valve, the bypass pipeline, and through the four-way valve with a chamber for studying bulk samples.

Figure 1 presents a block diagram of an installation for testing filter materials;

figure 2 - chamber for testing bulk materials;

figure 3 is a hydraulic characteristic of a filter material based on polypropylene (EFPP material).

The installation for testing filter materials consists of a tank 1 with a sealed lid 2, in which there is a hole 3 for pouring liquid working medium (during the test, the hole 3 is closed by a sealed stopper). The temperature of the liquid medium in the tank 1 is controlled by a temperature sensor 4. The pressure sensor 5 on the pipeline for supplying compressed gas to the tank 1 measures the gas pressure necessary for forcing the liquid working medium. The pressure sensor 6 measures the pressure of the liquid working medium at the inlet to the chamber 7 for testing bulk filter materials.

The tank 1 is equipped with a heater 8 (when using viscous liquids as a liquid working medium, for example, engine oil, fuel oil) and thermal insulation 9. To create a homogeneous liquid working medium, a mixer 10 with a drive 11 is installed in the tank 1.

The tank through a three-way valve 12 is connected either to the cartridge-clamp 13 for testing flat materials and then through a four-way valve 14 with a chamber 7 for testing bulk materials or bypassing the cartridge-clamp 13 through a bypass pipe 16 through the corresponding channel of the four-way valve 14 with a chamber 7. At the outlet of the chamber 7, a ball valve 15 is installed for draining the liquid working medium.

To control the sequence of operations of the installation, there is a control unit 17, implemented using an IBM PC computer / V. Figurnov. IBM PC for the user. Short course. M .: Infa-M, 1997, p. 48 /.

A temperature sensor 4, pressure sensors 5 and 6 are connected to the input of the control unit 17, and the output is connected to the controlled inputs of actuators of the drive of the mixer 11, three- and four-way valves 12 and 14, and heater 8.

The supply of compressed gas is controlled by a valve 18 with an electric actuator 19, associated with the output of the control unit 17.

Heater 8 is an RCE elastomeric heating tape / Chromalox catalog. Precision heat and control. 2002, p.26 /, mounted in thermal insulation 9 and connected to a power source (without position), the control input of which is connected to the corresponding output of block 17.

The chamber 7 is made in the form of a cylindrical cartridge 20 with removable flanges 21 and 22, inside which there is an adjustable flow annular clamp 23 for fixing volumetric samples 24 of filtering materials.

As sensors 5 and 6, pressure sensors of the type Korund DI / KTZD sensors were used. Instructions for use and technical description of KTZD 406233.001.TO. - M., 1995, p. 17 /.

As a temperature sensor 4, a needle resistance thermometer JUMO 902305 / 38-257-1011 / Catalog of the company JUMO (Germany) is used. 2002. Sample sheet 90.2305, sheet 5/7 /.

As a three-way valve 12, a three-way ball valve type KShTG 10-50 EFL is used / Catalog of JSC Tambov Plant Komsomolets im. N. Artemova ". 2002, p. 2 /.

As a four-way valve 14, KShChG 10-50 EFL can be used / Catalog of Tambov Plant Komsomolets named after N. Artemova ". 2002, p. 5 /.

As an electrically operated valve 18, a valve of the 30s941nzh brand can be used / Catalog of Proconsil OJSC. 2003, p.3 /, electric drive NA-05 is used as electric drive 19 / Catalog of Proconsil OJSC 2003, p.4 /.

The inventive installation tested flat samples of filtering materials based on polypropylene used in a filtering polypropylene cartridge element (TU 7563-001-52759941-95) and three-dimensional samples of filtering materials having a spatially globular structure and used in filtering riser elements (TU 43- 1411-11-90) according to the following indicators:

- hydraulic characteristics of filter materials;

- the efficiency of cleaning the liquid working environment from free water;

- subtlety and completeness of cleaning the liquid working environment from mechanical impurities;

- the resistance of materials to leachability of their constituent components.

The sequence for determining the parameters of the studied filter materials is selected based on the task.

Installation for the study of filtering materials works as follows.

Example 1

Determination of hydraulic characteristics.

The hydraulic characteristic, which is the dependence of the pressure drop across the test sample of filter material on the flow rate of the working medium, is determined by a stepwise change in the pressure of the compressed gas, which is increased from 0.03 MPa to 0.07 MPa with a pressure increment of 0.01 MPa.

The test sample of the filtering material based on polypropylene (EPPP material) has the following characteristics:

- diameter - 25 mm;

- thickness is 8 mm.

A sample of the EPPP material is installed in the clip chuck 13.

In the tank 1 through the hole 3 pour liquid working medium (aviation synthetic oil VNII NP 50-1-4f) in an amount of 500 cm ³ , hole 3 is closed with a stopper. The three-way valve 12 and the four-way valve 14, according to the program specified in the control unit 17, are installed on the passage of the VNII NP 50-1-4f aviation synthetic oil from the tank 1 under the action of compressed gas through the test sample of the EPPP material into a drain tank (not shown). The pressure (initial, equal to 0.03 MPa) in the tank 1 of the installation is created by a compressed medium and controlled by a sensor 5, the readings of which are entered into the control unit 17. A time recorder (not shown, for example, a stopwatch) records the transit time of 500 cm ^{3 of} aviation oil through a test sample of the EPPP material. After passing 500 cm ^{3 of} oil through the test sample of the EPPP material, the tank 1 is again filled with oil in the same volume and tests are carried out at a pressure of 0.04 MPa.

At each pressure increment, the specific throughput of the sample of the EPPP material is determined by the well-known formula:

,

,

where q is the specific throughput of the sample, m ³ / m ² s;

V is the volume of aviation synthetic oil VNII NP 50-1-4f, passed through a sample of the EPPP material at a specific set pressure, m ³ ;

t is the transit time of the aviation synthetic oil VNII NP 50-1-4f through the sample of the EPPP material at a specific given pressure;

S is the surface area of the sample of the EPPP material, m ² .

After determining the specific throughput at least five pressures in the tank 1 of the installation, the hydraulic characteristic is found, which has the form of the dependence q = f (P), where P is the pressure in the tank of the installation, MPa.

The test results are presented in table 1 and in FIG. 3.

Table 1
Hydraulic characteristic of the EFPP material (VNII NP 50-1-4f oil) Pressure P, MPa Time t, s Oil volume V,
CM ³ Specific throughput q, m ³ / m ² s 0,03 36,2 500 0.017 0.04 28.8 500 0,022 0.05 24.6 500 0,026 0.06 22.0 500 0,029 0,07 19,4 500 0,033

Example 2

Determination of the fineness and completeness of purification of synthetic oil VNII NP 50-1-4f from mechanical impurities and free water.

A water-oil emulsion is prepared, for which a weighed amount of water in the amount of 0.1 wt.% Is added to the synthetic oil and the water content is analyzed according to GOST 14870-77 "Chemical products. Method for determination of water content". In this prepared water-oil emulsion, a sample of an artificial pollutant is introduced, in particular, silica dust (GOST 8002-80 "Piston internal combustion engines. Air cleaners. Benchless test methods") in the amount of 0.025 g per 500 cm ^{3 of} oil, which is pre-weighed on an analytical balance .

A flat test sample of the EPPP material with a diameter of 25 mm and a thickness of 8 mm is installed in the clip cartridge 13, and a bulk sample of the ASG material with a diameter of 25 mm and a thickness of 56 mm is installed in the chamber 7.

The prepared contaminated and flooded emulsion in an amount of 500 cm ^{3 is} poured through the opening 3 into the tank 1, from which a sample of the emulsion is taken for microscopic analysis (the initial indicator of contamination, for example, 3924 particles 5-10 microns in size). Hole 3 is closed with a stopper. The valve 18 sets the pressure of the liquid working medium to 0.05 MPa (the pressure value is selected according to the requirements of GOST 28912-91 "Warehouse filters and filter separators").

In tank 1, an adjustable heater 8 sets the temperature to 80 ° C (at this temperature, the process of cleaning the oils in the tanker with special liquids ZSZH-66 takes place), which is controlled by the temperature sensor 4. The three-way valve 12 and the four-way valve 14, according to the program specified in the control unit 17, are set to pass oil from the tank 1 under the action of compressed gas through the tested samples of the EPPP material and ASG material into a drain tank (not shown). The pressure measurement in the tank 1 of the installation and at the entrance to the chamber 7 is carried out by pressure sensors 5 and 6, the readings of which are entered into the control unit 17.

After passing the contaminated water-oil emulsion through the test samples, samples are taken from the drain tanks to determine the water content according to GOST 14870-77 and to a microscopic analysis to determine the amount and size of contaminants.

The effectiveness of oil purification from free water is determined by the well-known formula:

,

,

where η is the efficiency of oil dehydration VNII NP 50-1-4f,% of ref .;

C ₁ and C ₂ - free water content before and after the ASG material,%.

The results of evaluating the effectiveness of oil from free water are presented in table. 2.

table 2
The results of determining the effectiveness of cleaning aviation synthetic oil VNII NP 50-1-4f from free water No. p / p The water content to the ASG element C ₁ , wt.% The water content after the ASG element C ₂ , wt.% Efficiency
purification η,% of ref. 1 0.1243 0.1183 8 2 0.1183 0.1114 10 3 0.1114 0,1093 nine

The number of particles of contaminants in 1 ml of synthetic at intervals of sizes is determined by the known formula:

,

,

where n _i is the number of particles of the i-th size interval, pcs / ml;

m is the number of fields of view;

n _ij is the number of particles of the i-th size range in the j-th field of view, pcs / ml;

D is the diameter of the field of view of the microscope, mm;

h is the height of the column of synthetic oil in the measuring cell, equal to 10 mm

The completeness of purification is characterized by a decrease in the mass of the pollutant in the initial product when it passes through the EPPP material once. This indicator is estimated by the filter completeness coefficient, which is found by the well-known formula:

,

,

where G ₁ and G ₂ - the amount of contamination in the oil before and after filtering, pcs / ml

The results of determining the fineness and completeness of cleaning synthetic oil from mechanical impurities are presented in table 3.

Table 3
The test results of filter materials for the fineness of filtering from mechanical impurities and the completeness of oil purification No. p / p Sampling Place The amount of contamination, pcs / ml in the intervals of particle sizes n _i , microns 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 > 50 1 Before EFPP material 3924 2308 1962 433 231 202 144 - 58 144 2 After EFPP material 3000 519 544 - - - - - - - Filter completeness coefficient 0.24 0.78 0.72 - - - - - - -

Thus, the essence of the invention lies in the fact that using a combination of known (sealed tank 1, agitator 10 with actuator 11, chuck 13 for testing a flat sample, a compressed gas source, pressure sensor 5 connected through a valve 18) and newly introduced blocks ( temperature sensor 4, heater 8 with thermal insulation 9, pressure sensor 6, chamber 7 for testing a volume sample and control unit 17) and the corresponding connection between them (channels of a three-way valve 12, four-way valve 14 and a bypass pipe 16), the authors received in the ability to simultaneously study two different properties of filtering materials, for example, studying the fineness and completeness of cleaning a liquid working medium from mechanical impurities with a flat sample of filter material in a cartridge clip 13 and studying the effectiveness of cleaning a liquid working medium from free water of a volumetric sample of filter material in chamber 7, or investigation of the properties of both flat samples and bulk samples of filter materials.

The use of the invention will improve the efficiency of tests by expanding the range of tested filter materials as a result of the use of a viscous liquid working medium and to study filter materials for the efficiency of separation of free water at various temperatures and costs.

Claims (1)

Installation for testing filter materials, containing a sealed tank for the working medium, inside which an agitator with a drive is placed along the axis, and a three-way valve is installed on the outlet pipe under the tank, connected to a flow-through cartridge-clamp for placing a flat sample and connected to the upper part of the tank through a valve with an electric drive a source of compressed gas, in the supply line of which a pressure sensor is installed, characterized in that the installation is equipped with a temperature sensor for the working medium in a sealed tank made heated with thermal insulation, installed sequentially downstream of the chuck four-way valve, a flow chamber for studying bulk samples, a second pressure sensor installed at the inlet to the chamber for studying bulk samples, a bypass pipe, and a control unit for the sequence of operations, to the inputs of which the sensors are connected pressure and temperature of the working medium, and the outputs of the control unit are connected to the control inputs of three- and four-way valves, with a stirrer drive and with a heater rmetichnogo tank, the outlet tank is further connected through a corresponding channel of three-way tap, the bypass line and through the four-way valve with a chamber for bulk samples studies.

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