RU2644449C1 - Measuring instrument of content of disperse phase in the gas flow - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of quality control of the preparation of natural and associated petroleum gases to transport, and also to the field of quality control of liquids transported through pipelines in the oil and gas industry and can be used by fuel and energy, chemical, petrochemical and oil and gas refineries. Measuring instrument of content of dispersion phase in gas flow includes a sampling probe, a separator equipped with an element filter and a batch meter for liquid separated from gas, a gas flow-regulation valve, an inhibitor tank and an inhibitor delivery valve to the gas flow-regulation valve, a cartridge filter for mechanical impurities trapping from the gas, and additionally comprises a device for automatic moving of the sampling probe along the cross-section of the test pipeline, a pressure-differential transducer between the sampling line and the testing gas-dispersed flow to be sampled for isokinetic sampling due to the automatic maintenance of the valve-regulator, installed at the output of the sampling line, the zero value of the pressure difference between the sampling line and the testing gas-dispersed flow, the means for thermostating, the mass flow meter for taking the amount of the separated liquid in the measuring tank into account, containing the liquid level gage.

EFFECT: accuracy increase in measurement of the content of the dispersed phase in the flow.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of quality control of the preparation of natural and associated petroleum gases for transport, as well as to the field of quality control of liquids transported through pipelines in the oil and gas industry and can be used in fuel and energy, chemical, petrochemical and oil and gas refineries.

The dispersed phase meter (ISDF) in the gas stream is used to determine the amount of liquid or solid dispersed phase in the gas stream before or after technological equipment, gas separators, filters, adsorbers, absorbers, compressors to evaluate their operation parameters.

The meter of the content of the dispersed phase (ISDF) in the liquid stream is used to determine the amount of solid dispersed phase (mechanical impurities) before or after technological equipment, filters, pumps, settlers, heat exchangers to evaluate their operation parameters.

A device is known for measuring the concentration of dropping liquid in a gas stream (RF patent No. 2439544, priority date 03/22/2010, IPC G01N 25/56). A device for measuring the concentration of dropping liquid in a gas stream contains a filter assembly with a sampling probe, a gas sampling pipe with a flow regulator, a directing cylinder, a gas meter with a manometer and a thermometer. At the same time, the device is equipped with a manual gear drive with a spring lock of the position of the filter unit with a probe, a linear scale on the guide cylinder and an indicator of the current gas flow rate and a set of interchangeable probes with different internal cross-sections. The technical result of the invention is to increase the accuracy of measurements by ensuring the isokinetics of gas sampling and expanding the range of application of the device for pressure in the gas pipeline.

A known system and method for spot testing or spot sampling of a multiphase mixture flowing in a pipeline (international application WO 2008117024, priority date 03/27/2007, IPC G01N-001/20, G01N-033/28). A system for spot testing or spot sampling of a multiphase mixture flowing in a pipeline contains: means for sampling a multiphase mixture in isokinetic conditions; means for supplying a sample stream of the multiphase mixture to a separator or cork-type stream; and means for determining the content of the phase that has passed the separator or cork-type stream at the phase detection site.

The isokinetic method and sampling system for multiphase flow from underground wells is known (international application WO 200760386, priority date 11/22/2005, IPC G01F-001/74 * G01F-015/02). A system for sampling a multiphase flow of a fluid passing through a pipeline under isokinetic conditions and measuring rheological parameters of a multiphase flow of a fluid passing through a pipeline, comprising a sampling device configured to take part of a multiphase flow of a fluid passing through the pipeline, said the device comprises a sampling probe installed at a sampling location in the pipeline; a differential pressure gauge-flowmeter configured to measure the differential pressure between the first pressure of the multiphase fluid flow passing through the pipeline and the second pressure of the selected part of the multiphase fluid flow passing in the sampling probe, and the first pressure is measured in the first pressure port located on the wall the pipeline in the plane of the cross-section of the hole in the probe for sampling, and the second pressure is measured in the second pressure hole made in the sampling m probe under the sampling hole, the plane of the cross-section of the sampling hole lying in the plane of the cross-section of the pipe, a controller configured to control the flow rate of the selected part of the multiphase fluid flow passing in the sampling probe, in which the means for controlling the flow rate of the selected portions of the multiphase fluid flow passing in the sampling probe are arranged to ensure that the pressure drop is substantially zero; one or more counters configured to measure the mass flow rate of the phases of the multiphase mixture, the phase density of the multiphase mixture, the water-liquid ratio, the oil-liquid ratio of a selected portion of the multiphase fluid stream; and one or more computer processors configured to process the measured data to determine rheological parameters of the multiphase fluid flow passing through the pipeline.

A known installation for determining the content of the dispersed phase in the gas stream (RF patent No. 2498231, priority date 06/19/2012, IPC G01F 13/00), including a sampling probe, a separation unit containing a separator equipped with a filter cartridge and a measuring device for the separated liquid from gas, a unit for maintaining a constant gas flow at a pressure, temperature and speed in the installation system equal to pressure, temperature and gas flow rate, including a gas flow control valve, a flow meter and a hydrate inhibitor supply unit, soda a rusting container with an inhibitor and an inhibitor supply valve to the gas flow control valve, while the installation additionally contains a filtration unit installed parallel to the separation unit between the sampling probe and the flow meter, and including a filter cartridge for trapping the released liquid when a pressure equal to the pressure is set in the system gas flow, then a filter cartridge for collecting droplet moisture and solids from gas and after it a filter cartridge for correcting measurement results, and the unit supports Zhaniya constant gas flow rate as a flow meter includes a mass flow meter installed upstream of the gas flow control valve.

Known solutions do not provide a sufficient degree of accuracy in measuring the content of a dispersed liquid or solid phase in a stream.

The technical task of the claimed invention is to improve the accuracy of measuring the content of a dispersed liquid or solid phase in a stream, subject to the conditions of conservation of temperature, pressure and representativeness of the sample.

The technical result is an increase in the accuracy of measuring the content of the dispersed phase in the stream.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the meter of the content of the dispersed phase in the gas stream, including a sampling probe, a separator equipped with a filter cartridge and a measuring device for the separated liquid from the gas, a gas flow control valve, a container with an inhibitor and an inhibitor supply valve to the gas flow control valve, a filter cartridge for collecting mechanical impurities from gas, further comprising a device for automatically moving a sampling probe over the cross section of the studied pipeline, predominantly The differential pressure indicator between the sampling line and the studied gas-dispersed flow, designed to perform isokinetic sampling due to the automatic control valve installed at the outlet of the sampling line, of the zero pressure difference between the sampling line and the studied gas-dispersed flow, thermostatic control, mass flow meter for the separated liquid in the measuring device containing the level gauge.

The invention is illustrated by drawings:

FIG. 1 - Schematic diagram of the device;

FIG. 2 - A fragment of a sampling probe;

FIG. 3 - A device for moving a sampling probe.

The meter of the content of the dispersed phase in the gas stream includes an automated control system (ACS) (not shown).

The meter of the content of the dispersed phase in the gas stream (ISDF) is connected to the process pipe 1 (Fig. 1) through the fitting 2 on it, equipped with a full bore valve or valve 3, on which the device for moving the sampling probe (UPPZ) 4 is mounted.

UPPZ allows to introduce a sampling probe 5 into the section of the pipeline 1.

The SPD design is shown in FIG. 2.

A sampling probe 5 serves to take part of the flow from the gas pipeline 1. The shape of the tip is shown in FIG. 3. Due to the removal of the attacking tip upstream, as well as the curved shape of the probe body 5, the zone of increased pressure created by it does not disturb the sample stream. The input channel of the probe has a constant diameter d (3-6 mm) and a length h1. The external shape of the probe entrance has the shape of a truncated cone directed by a narrowed end towards the flow.

The attacking section of the probe 5 is made of a material superior to steel in hardness and wear resistance (for example, sintered hard alloys or ceramics).

The geometric dimensions of the probe allow you to connect to the pipeline through the fitting 2 and valve 3 with an internal diameter of 25 mm.

The following requirements for the shape of the probe are fulfilled (Fig. 3):

- the length of the input channel with a constant internal section d must satisfy the condition l, 5d> h1> d;

- a change in the inner diameter of the channel after the input channel is allowed due to concentric expansion with a cone angle α <30 °;

- the taper angle of the external shape of the probe tip α should be less than 30 °;

- the bends of the probe should be at a distance of no more than (5-8) d from the axis of the tip.

The attacking shape of the probe is investigated, the geometric parameters are justified by simulation.

The probe design also provides an additional channel for the selection of static flow pressure, implemented in the form of an external concentric tube 28 (Fig. 2), into which the straight part of the probe 5 is pressed. Averaging holes 29 with a diameter of 0.5 to 6 mm are provided on the tube in an amount from one up to twelve, and the inner diameter of the tube itself is greater than the outer diameter of the probe tube by at least 0.5 mm. The maximum diameter of the outer tube should be less than the diameter of the fitting 2 and valve 3 by 3-6 mm.

To ensure isokineticity in the attacking tube of the probe, the zero difference of the total flow pressure and static pressure, measured by the differential pressure transducer 6, is automatically maintained.

Changing the immersion depth of the probe into the stream is implemented automatically according to the algorithm of the automated control system (ACS) of the dispersed phase content meter.

To seal the outer tube of the sampling probe 28, a stuffing box 31 is provided in the probe input assembly 30, pressed by a nut 32. The probe input assembly is screwed onto the lower base plate 33, on which rods 34 and a servo motor 35 are also fixed.

The rods 34 hold the upper base plate 36. In the holes made in the upper and lower base plates, the lead screw 37 rotates. The free end of the lead screw has a removable handle 38 for manually rotating the screw.

The lead screw 37 and the shaft of the servo motor 35 are connected through a gear pair of gears 39 and 40. The rotation of the lead screw shaft is converted into the translational movement of the movable plate 41, which is held on the rods 34 and moves along them. The smoothness and ease of movement of the movable plate 41 is achieved due to the slide bushings 42, usually made of bronze.

On the movable plate 41, the outer tube 28 of the sampling probe 5 is rigidly fixed, which, moving together with the plate, is pushed or pulled through the input unit 30 depending on the direction of rotation of the servomotor 35 or the handle 38.

A tee 43 is hermetically connected at the end of the outer tube of the probe. The main (inner) tube of the probe 5 passes freely through it. Throughout the outer tube 28 and in the tee 43, the probe tube 5 is inside with a small gap (at least 0.5 mm). The threaded pipe threaded fitting 43 tightly compresses the probe tube 5. Thus, the inner tube 5 is fixed inside the outer 28 at its beginning, where the end of the tube 28 is pressed in and compresses the tube 5, and at the end where the compression is performed by the tee 43 fitting. the tee is equipped with a threaded fitting to which the impulse tube 44 is connected.

At the end of the main (inner) tube of the probe 5, a tee 45 is provided, equipped with threaded fittings. A tube 46 of the ISDF sampling line is connected to the passage fitting. An impulse tube 47 is connected to the threaded fitting of the tee.

A sample of gas taken from the gas stream of the process pipeline enters the sampling line through a tube 46 of the sampling line. Through the impulse tubes 44 and 47 into the chambers of the differential pressure transducer 6 in FIG. 1 pulses of static pressure and total flow pressure are applied, respectively. A crane K1 is provided for connecting the chambers of the pressure transducer to each other. This allows periodic calibration of zero differential pressure transducer 6.

After UPPZ in the sampling line contains a solenoidal three-way valve K2 and filter 7, and the sampling line itself is thermally insulated and heated by a heating cable.

The filter 7 is equipped with self-closing quick-disconnect connections, allowing you to remove it and connect the line without it. It is designed to capture particulate matter in the event that an ISDF is used for this purpose. The filter contains a filter layer. The amount of solids is determined in the laboratory by weighing the residue after burning the filter layer. The content of solid dispersed particles is calculated by the ACS according to the amount manually entered by weighing and the total volume of the gas sample from which these impurities are filtered. When measuring the amount of liquid dispersed phase in the gas stream, the filter 7 is removed, and the sampling line is switched by valve K2, bypassing the filter 7.

A flexible high-pressure hose (8, 9, 10, or 11) is used to supply a gas sample to the ISDF main unit. Depending on the parameter ΔT = T _gas. -T _okr. , defined as the difference between the temperature of the sampled gas and the temperature of the ambient air, hoses of various designs can be used:

- at minus 10 ° C≤ΔT≤ + 10 ° C ordinary RVD 8,

- at + 10 ° C <ΔT≤ + 20 ° C and at minus 10 ° C <ΔT ≤ minus 20 ° C heat-insulated RVD 9,

- at + 20 ° C <ΔT heat-insulated high pressure hoses with cable electric heating 10,

- at ΔT <minus 20 ° C the heat-insulated RVD with a cooling jacket 11.

These requirements can be tightened if necessary, precision measurements or mitigated by rapid analysis.

When using sleeves 8, 9 or 10 for supplying a gas sample to the main unit of the ISDF, a flexible RVD 12 similar to sleeve 8 is used to dump the spent sample from the ISDF onto the candle.

When a sleeve 11 is used for supplying a gas sample to the main unit of the ISDF, the spent sample is discharged from the ISDF to the candle through the cooling jacket of the sleeve 11, to the outlet of which the sleeve 8 is connected, connected to the discharge line to the candle.

Pipelines inside the ISDF block have thermal insulation and cable heating.

The ISDF provides a heat exchanger 13, the inputs and outputs of which are equipped with valves K4, K5, K24, K25 and thermocouples 14, 15, 16, 17. Bypass valves K3 and K23 are also provided, which allow the flow to be bypassed.

The heat exchanger 13 carries out the cooling of the sample by heating the oncoming flow of the spent gas sample discharged to the candle or torch, or heating the gas sample by electric heaters provided in its body. Cooling and heating are carried out with such intensity to give the passing sample gas flow at any flow rate the same temperature as in the process pipeline with an accuracy of ± 2 ° C.

A separator 18 is provided, incorporating a temperature sensor 19 and a pressure sensor 20. The observance of the process isothermality is monitored by the temperature sensor, and the compliance of the isobaricity of the gas sample separation process is monitored. By switching the valves K6 at the inlet of the separator, K7 at the bypass of the separator and K8 at the outlet of the separator, a gas sample can be supplied either through the separator or bypassing it.

The collection of the filtered liquid phase in the separator is carried out in a measuring device 21 of known capacity. Mernik is made of transparent material and has a millimeter scale by which its filling is determined. A K9 solenoid valve is provided at the top of the meter. At the bottom of the meter, a non-accounted drainage discharge through the K10 needle valve is provided manually and an automatic drainage discharge through the electric actuating control valve K11 and a manual drainage discharge accounted by the mass flow meter 23 accounted for by the mass flow meter 23 and K12. The self-propelled gun opens the K11 valve when filling and closes it when the meter is emptied by a signal from a level gauge 22 mounted inside the meter. The upper liquid level is the drainage valve opening level, and the lower liquid level is the drainage valve closing level are selected within the visual scale of the measuring device. During drainage, the self-propelled gun detaches the separator from the sampling line by closing the K9 solenoid valve.

The level gauge 22 simultaneously determines two current levels in the meter 21: the total level of filling and the level of the interface between the liquid phases (if the liquid was divided into phases).

In the process of automatic drainage, the influx of liquid into the meter from the separator is excluded, since K9 is closed.

The amount of liquid remaining in the meter 21 at the end of the measurement is drained through the drain line, where it is taken into account by the mass flow meter 23.

The filter 24 can be connected in series with the separator 18 by switching the three-way solenoid valve K13 in line through the filter and with K14 and K15 open. A series-connected filter 24 is used as a test indicator of the entrainment of droplet liquid from the separator 18. The filter 24, connected to the line bypassing the separator 18, is used when the amount of the dispersed phase in the stream is so small that it is not possible to obtain the minimum the level in the meter 21. Also, the filter 24, included in the line, bypassing the separator 18, is used for rapid analysis of the content of the liquid dispersed phase in the gas stream or to build a profile of concentrate radios cross-section of the flow, which may be needed for research purposes. In other cases, the filter is disconnected from the process and can be removed, and valve K13 is switched to bypass the filter 24.

The mass flow meter 25 connected in series after the separator 18 and the filter 24 measures the instantaneous mass flow rate, the total mass flow rate, the total mass, instant density and temperature of the gas sample passing through the separator 18 or filter 24. The ACS can also determine the volumetric gas flow rate and total gas volume during the measurement under operating conditions and in standard conditions. After passing through the separator 18 and / or filter 24, as well as the flow meter 25, the gas sample is considered exhausted.

In preparation for operation, a gas sample is passed through the K16 bypass valve, and the K17 valve at the outlet after the K25 flowmeter is closed. In the work, K16 should be closed, and K17 open.

After the K25 flow meter, a liquid hydrate inhibitor is introduced into the exhaust gas sample, supplied by gravity from the tank 26 installed above the line. The tank is connected to the line of the spent sample with a tube equipped with a K18 crane. With K18 open, the pressure in the tank 26 is equal to the gas pressure in the line. The flow rate of the inhibitor supplied to the line is measured by the mass flow meter 27 and is automatically controlled by its signal according to the ACS algorithm by the electric drive valve-regulator K19.

The flow rate of the exhausted gas sample is automatically controlled by the signal of the differential pressure transducer 6 according to the ACS algorithm by the electric actuator valve-controller K20 to ensure the flow rate of the sample passing through the line so that the condition of isokinetic sampling is ensured.

Self-propelled guns in FIG. 1 conventionally not shown. ACS receives and processes signals from:

- differential pressure transducer 6;

- a servomotor 35 as part of the USPF shown in FIG. 2;

- thermal converters 14, 15, 16, 17, 19;

- pressure sensor 20;

- level gauge 22;

- flow meters 23, 25, 27;

- state of the control valves K11, K19, K20.

ACS in automatic mode or under the control of the operator issues control signals to the following elements:

- a servomotor 35 as part of the USPF shown in FIG. 2;

- solenoid valves K2, K9, K13;

- electric control valves K11, K19, K20.

Device Description

The device has the ability to work in various modes, depending on the task.

The investigated gas flow moves through the main pipe 1, the inner diameter D of which is known. Information about the flow rate of the medium in the pipeline 1 and its density are not required.

For analysis, a small part of the flow is selected through a special sampling probe 5 of known diameter d connected to a sampling probe displacement device (UPPZ) 4. UPPZ 4 is used for primary input of the sampling probe 5 into the process pipeline through a nozzle 2 provided on the pipeline and equipped with a full bore valve 3 (ball valve, slide gate valve or wedge gate valve).

In the future, the device for moving the sampling probe 5 provides automatic, according to a given algorithm, change in the immersion depth of the probe into the cross section of the main pipeline, which ensures sampling along the entire flow profile of the main pipeline. This allows you to determine the concentration of dispersed particles in several sections of the flow profile. It also allows, due to a multiple and sequential set of concentration studies in many sections of the flow profile, to obtain a more accurate averaged concentration value.

1 Preparation for work

1.1 Bringing to the state of "Readiness"

Before the start of the measurements, the UPPZ 4 is positioned so that the attack tip of the probe 5 is directed towards the flow, and the UPPZ is mounted on the nozzle 2 and the closed valve 3 provided on the technological pipeline 1.

K2 open bypassing filter 7.

Short-term opening of the crane 3 check the tightness of the gland packing 31 UPPZ. If necessary, tighten the nut 32.

Measure the distance from the lower base plate 33 to the outer surface of the wall of the pipe 1. In the ACS enter the measurement result in millimeters, as well as the known value of the wall thickness of the pipe 1 in millimeters and the known value of the inner or outer diameter of the pipe 1 in millimeters.

UPPZ and the main block ISDF connect one of the sleeves 8, 9, 10 or 11, based on the described conditions DT. Capacity 26 is filled with an inhibitor and sealed. The sleeve 12 is connected to the output of the ISDF and to the gas discharge plug or to the outlet fitting of the cooling jacket of the sleeve 11 and to the gas discharge plug.

In the case of a study of the fluid flow in the pipe 1, sleeves 8 and 12 are used. In this case, the sleeve 12 is connected to the drain pipe.

Open the full bore valve 3 on the fitting 2 of the pipeline 1.

The crane K1 is opened and a command is sent to the self-propelled guns to calibrate the device 6 (differential pressure transducer)

Close the tap K1.

After that, ISDF and UPPZ are ready to work in one of the modes described below.

1.2 Bringing to a state “Pause in work”

ISDFs are brought into the “Pause at Work” state both immediately before the start of measurement and during operation, when the next measurement is completed or paused, but the next measurement is planned or the current measurement is resumed.

To bring the “Pause” state, the ISDFs are collected as shown in FIG. one.

The crane K1 is closed. Valve K2 is open bypassing filter 7. Cranes K3, K4, K5, K6, K8 are closed. K7 and K9 are open. K10, K12 are closed. K13 is open bypassing the filter 24. K14, K15 are closed. K16, K18, K21, K22 are open. K23, K24, K25, K26 are closed. Valves K11, K19, K20 are automatically controlled by self-propelled guns. Cranes K7, K15, K17, K18, K23 are open. There is no sample flow through the ISDF.

When measuring the amount and concentration of solids in liquid streams, the hydrate protection system is not used and is turned off by closing valve K19 and valve K18.

A probe is introduced to a depth of a quarter of the diameter of the pipe 1.

Open K3 and gain pressure:

- to the filter 7 by briefly switching K2 to the filter 7;

- in the filter 24 by short-term opening of the crane K15;

- to the separator 18 by opening the valve K8;

- to the heat exchanger 13 by short-term opening of the taps K5, K24.

When measuring the amount and concentration of solids in liquid streams, the pressure is collected only in the filter 7, in which the filter cartridge is replaced in advance with a cartridge resistant to the test liquid. The heat exchanger 13, the separator 18, the filter 24 are not used and remain disabled.

In studies of gas-dispersed flows, the separator 18 is brought into a state of readiness, for which purpose its filter layer is saturated with liquid. Open K6. Close K21. Through the separator 18, a sample of gas is discharged onto the candle. Due to the expansion of the gas in the separator C1, moisture is intensively precipitated.

The measuring device 21 is recruited to a level 50-60 mm above the lower level at which the drainage discharge stops. The K11 calibration command is entered into the ACS, after which the ACS selects the opening level of K11 so that the drainage flow is equal to the nominal flow rate of the flow meter 23. When the lower level is reached, the ACS closes K11.

Open K7, close K6 and K8. Open K17, K21. Close K16, K22. A gas sample passes through a flowmeter 25 and is automatically adjusted by valve K20. The separator is ready for measurement and is closed.

In the self-propelled guns, the “Pause at work” mode is selected, after which the self-propelled guns automatically adjusting the degree of opening of the K20 valve sets the flow rate at which the pressure drop across the device 6 will be zero. After reaching the steady state, the ACS confirms the isokinetic condition and confirms the “Pause” mode.

In the “Pause at work” state, the sample flow rate q passes through the ISDF.

2. Determination of the density of the medium under operating conditions

If the density of the medium is not known, a command for density measurement by the flow meter 25 is introduced into the ACS.

Confirm in the self-propelled guns the density measured by the flow meter 25 as a conditionally constant value during the study of the velocity profile or flow rate of the medium in the pipeline 1.

In this case, the density measurement error is determined by the metrological characteristics of the flow meter 25.

To accurately determine the gas density in the laboratory, a sample is taken, for which instead of filter 7, a self-locking quick-connect connection includes a container for sampling and storage of samples and a sample is taken in accordance with the requirements: for gas GOST 31370-2008 or the current regulatory document in the Russian Federation and other countries , for liquefied hydrocarbon gases and gas condensates GOST 55609-2013 or the current regulatory document in the Russian Federation and other countries, for oils and petroleum products GOST 2517-2012 or the current regulatory document and the territory of the Russian Federation and other countries. To do this, briefly redirect the gas flow by valve K2 through the container. The gas density under operating conditions is determined in the laboratory by direct measurement with a gas densitometer or by calculation according to component composition in accordance with GOST 30319-1 or the current regulatory document in the Russian Federation and other countries.

3. The mode of investigation of the flow velocity profile and the measurement of local velocities

To measure the flow rate in the ACS, the gas density value is entered under operating conditions or the value measured by ISDF is confirmed (see paragraph 2).

Proceed to measure local flow velocities and build a flow velocity profile.

The ISDF is brought to the “Pause at Work” state.

Disable Filter 7.

The task for sequential immersion of the probe is introduced into the ACS, the immersion step or the number of points at which it is necessary to study the flow is set. If necessary, set the retention time of the probe at each point (optional, since the optimal retention time is entered in the ACS algorithm by default). If necessary, set the number of repetitions of the study.

Prior to the study, the self-propelled gun opens a three-way valve K2 to filter line 7 (since there is no filter 7, and the self-locking BRS is closed, K2 is closed).

The self-propelled gun automatically performs research at each successive cross-sectional point, namely:

- Positions the probe at the point of flow;

- pauses;

- fixes the average value of the pressure drop by the signal from the device 6 for the wait time specified by the algorithm, as well as the value of the largest deviations from the average value;

- automatically recalculates the value of the pressure drop to linear velocity using the specified value of the density of the medium, and fixes it in the measurement results;

- Positions the probe at the next cross-sectional point.

If multiple repetition of the study is specified, the self-propelled gun, after the study is completed at the last point of the section, goes to the first point and repeats the algorithm a specified number of times.

The obtained velocity values at each given point are averaged.

The table of speeds at various points of the cross section of the flow is saved in the form of a report on the study or conduct the study again. The report contains information on the instantaneous gas flow rate in pipeline 1, automatically calculated by the automatic control system, in m ³ / h and st.m ³ / h.

4. The measurement of the flow rate of the medium in the pipeline 1

ISDF transferred to the "Pause at work".

In the self-propelled guns, a command is given to measure the flow rate of the medium in the studied pipeline 1.

The self-propelled gun automatically performs research at each successive cross-sectional point, namely:

- Positions the probe at the point of flow;

- adjusts the opening of K20 so that the condition of zero difference on the device 6 is ensured in the current position of the probe;

- fixes the instantaneous mass flow passing through the ISDF, on the flow meter 25;

- Positions the probe at the next cross-sectional point.

If multiple repetition of the study is specified, the self-propelled gun, after the study is completed at the last point of the section, goes to the first point and repeats the algorithm a specified number of times.

The obtained flow rates are integrated by the ACS along the pipeline section.

The automatic control system automatically generates a report that contains the cross-sectional value of the mass flow rate of the medium in the pipeline 1 in kg / h and the calculated value of the volumetric flow rate, in m3 / h and st.m3 / h.

In the simplest case, or when conducting such a measurement manually, a multiple measurement of the instantaneous mass flow rate is carried out according to the readings of the flow meter 25 at one point in the cross section, half the distance from the axis of the pipeline 1 to its wall. The measured mass flow rate ISDF is used to determine the mass flow rate in the pipeline 1 by the formula:

Q = q⋅D ² / d ² [kg / h],

where q is the volumetric flow rate of the gas sample, measured by the flow meter 25, provided that the valve K20 automatically maintains a zero differential on the device 6, m3 / h; d is the diameter of the hole in the probe tip 5, mm; D is the inner diameter of the investigated pipeline 1, mm

Volumetric consumption is determined by volume according to the gas consumption calculation algorithm GOST 8.586.1-5 or the current regulatory document on the territory of the Russian Federation and other countries.

5. Measurement of the content of solid dispersed phase in a gas or liquid stream

To measure the content of the solid dispersed phase in the stream, the following steps are taken.

The ISDF is brought to the “Pause at Work” state.

ACS is transferred to the mode of measuring the content of solid dispersed phase in a gas or liquid stream. Enter the number of flow cross-section points, the number of measurements at each point, and the time of each measurement. The beginning of each measurement is confirmed in the ACS.

ACS verifies compliance with the conditions for ensuring isokinetics. If the condition is met, switches K2 from the line bypassing the filter 7 to the line through the filter 7. After a specified duration, the ACS transfers K2 to its original position.

Remove the filter 7 and change the filter layer in it to the same clean one from the ISDF kit. The removed filter layer is placed in a sealed bag. Manually label the package - indicate the depth of immersion of the probe into the stream, measurement number, measurement duration.

Confirm in the ACS the beginning of the next measurement.

After completing all measurements, the inscribed bags with filter elements 7 are sent to the laboratory.

The laboratory weighs the mechanical impurities remaining after burning filter paper from each filter separately.

The weighing results are entered into the self-propelled guns and a command is issued to generate a measurement report. If a measurement was set at various depths of immersion of the probe 5 in pipeline 1, the ACS in the report builds a profile of the concentration of solids in the flow section.

6. Measurement of the content of liquid dispersed phase in the gas stream

Using any means of measuring air temperature (for example, a household thermometer), measure the air temperature in the immediate vicinity of the ISDF. The value of the parameter ΔT = T _{gas is} calculated _. -T _okr. defined as the difference between the temperature of the sampled gas and the temperature of the surrounding air.

Depending on the ΔT value, a sleeve of various designs is selected and connected:

- subject to minus 10 ° C≤ΔT≤ + 10 ° C ordinary RVD 8,

- under the condition + 10 ° C <ΔT≤ + 20 ° C and at minus 10 ° C <ΔT ≤ minus 20 ° C heat-insulated RVD 9,

- subject to + 20 ° C <ΔT heat-insulated high pressure hoses with cable electric heating 10,

- provided ΔT <minus 20 ° C, the heat-insulated high pressure hoses with a cooling jacket 11.

When using sleeves 8, 9 or 10 for supplying a gas sample to the main unit of ISDF, a flexible RVD 12 similar to sleeve 8 is used to dump the spent sample from ISDF onto the candle.

Cable heating RVD 10 is automatically controlled by self-propelled guns.

ISDFs are placed in the “Pause at Work” state.

If the self-propelled guns are not connected to the process control system (automated process control system) of the facility and the temperature and pressure signals of the gas stream do not enter into it, then the temperature and pressure are entered manually.

Open K6, K8. Close K7.

ACS is transferred to the mode of measuring the content of the liquid dispersed phase in the gas stream.

Enter the duration of the measurement or the number of fillings of the measuring device 21, which must be achieved, or the number of immersion cycles of the probe 5. Enter the number of points of the cross-section of the flow into which it is necessary to move the sampling probe 5.

ACS automatically measures T _samples. - the temperature of the gas sample in the separator 18 using the thermocouple 19 and calculates the absolute error of the isothermal ΔT _isothermal = T _gas - T _samples. as the difference between the gas temperature in the pipe 1 and the gas sample temperature in the separator 18. The isothermal parameter is set by the operator. The following are the default values entered in the ISDF self-propelled guns.

If the condition minus 5 ° C ≤ ΔT of _{isothermality} ≤ 5 ° C is fulfilled, then the ACS displays a confirmation of the isothermal sampling. If this condition is not met, then the self-propelled gun displays the requirement to ensure isothermal sampling.

At ΔT _{isothermalities} > 5 ° C, in addition to heating the sample in the RVD 10, an electric heater is used in the heat exchanger 13. To do this, open K4 and K5, and then close K3. The self-propelled guns control the heating automatically.

When ΔT of _{isothermality} <minus 5 ° C, in addition to cooling the sample in the RVD 11, a heat exchanger 13 is used as a cooler. To do this, open K4, K5, K24, K25, and then close K3. Close K23 until the condition minus 5 ° C - ≤ ΔT of _{isothermality} ≤ 5 ° C is satisfied.

After reaching the isobaricity condition, the ACS evaluates the isobaricity condition, with the parameter isobaricity error ΔP _isobaricity = 100% ⋅ P _separator / P _pipeline , as the ratio of gas pressures in the separator 18, measured by pressure sensor 20, and pipe 1. The ΔP _isobaricity condition ≥ 99 %

Drain the liquid from the measurer 21 to the lower level (mark on the millimeter scale of the measurer), gradually opening K10.

ACS shows readiness for measurement, if confirmed:

- isobaric separation;

- isothermal separation;

- Isokinetic sampling;

- readiness measurer 21.

In the ACS enter the command to start the measurement.

ACS records the liquid level in the measuring device 21 at the beginning of the measurement. If necessary, do it manually.

An automatic control system automatically measures the current total liquid level and the level of the separation of liquid phases (liquid phases with different densities: an aqueous solution of alcohols, salts and unstable gas condensate; an aqueous solution and oils; etc.), and also captures their values at the time of the beginning of the draining of the meter 21 in drainage. In the drainage, the drainage occurs automatically by opening the K11 valve and continues until the total liquid level in the meter reaches the lower level according to the readings of the level gauge 22. During the drainage of the measuring tank 21, the self-propelled gun closes K9. At this time, the separation of the dispersed phase in the separator 18 does not stop, and the liquid accumulates at the bottom of the separator until the drainage is completed and K9 is opened.

The self-propelled gun detects the liquid level in the measuring device 21 after each drainage.

The amount of drained fluid is determined by the mass flow meter 23.

At the end of the measurement time, the self-propelled gun closes K20, fixes the current total liquid level and the liquid phase separation level at the end of the measurement, drains the liquid from the measurer 21 to the level recorded at the beginning of the measurement.

ACS automatically generates a report:

- the total mass of the liquid phase released in the separator 18 during the measurement;

- the total volume of the liquid phase released in the separator 18 during the measurement;

- the average density of the liquid phase;

- the highest and lowest density of the liquid phase.

To control the quality of separation in the separator 18 open K14, K15. The valve K13 is switched to the filter 24 and the sample separated in the separator 18 is passed through the filter for 3-15 minutes. Switch valve K13 bypassing the filter and close K14, K15. The filter 24 is removed and the filter cartridge is removed from it. The cartridge is placed in a sealed bag. The package is weighed in the laboratory, without violating its integrity. The amount of liquid unseparated in the separator 18 is determined by the difference in the mass of the dry cartridge in the bag and the cartridge used.

For laboratory analysis of the liquid phase, the drain line of the meter 21 is connected to any sampler of liquefied hydrocarbon gases.

7. Express analysis and study of the profile of the concentration of the liquid dispersed phase in the gas stream

Express analysis is used when the exact content value is not required. For example, this is required to confirm the operability of the separators after they go beyond the design operating modes (emergency or starting modes). Express analysis is also used to build a profile of the concentration of the dispersed phase in the stream.

The ISDF is brought into the “Pause at Work” mode.

ACS is transferred to the mode of express analysis of the content of the dispersed phase. Enter the number of flow cross-section points, the number of measurements at each point, and the time of each measurement. The beginning of each measurement is confirmed in the ACS.

They achieve the fulfillment of the isothermal condition in the same way as described in paragraph 5.

ACS verifies compliance with the conditions for ensuring isokinetics. The ACS switches K13 from the line bypassing the filter 24 to the line through the filter 24. After a specified duration, the ACS transfers K13 to its original position.

Remove the used filter 24 and change the filter cartridge in it to a clean one from the ISDF kit. The removed cartridge is placed in a sealed bag. Label the package.

Confirm in the ACS the beginning of the next measurement.

After completing all measurements, the inscribed packets with filter cassettes 24 are sent to the laboratory.

The cassettes are weighed in the laboratory without compromising the integrity of the bags.

The weighing results and the mass of each clean cartridge with the package indicated on the package are entered into the self-propelled guns and a command is issued to generate a measurement report. If a measurement was set at various depths of immersion of the probe 5 in pipeline 1, the ACS in the report builds the concentration profile of the liquid dispersed phase in the flow section.

8. Interpretation of the measurement results of the content of the dispersed phase

ACS automatically interprets the measurement results. For this, in all measurements of the content of the dispersed phase, the ACS records the total volume and total mass of the analyzed sample according to the readings of the flow meter 25.

The absolute value of the mass of the solid dispersed phase obtained in the laboratory by weighing the fur. impurities remaining after burning filter paper filter 7; the absolute value of the mass of the liquid dispersed phase obtained in the laboratory, as the difference in masses of the used filter cartridge of the filter 24 in the bag and the new cartridge in the bag; the volume of the liquid phase separated in the separator 18 - refer to the ACS for the total volume and total mass of the gas sample passing through the filter 7; filter 24; separator 18, respectively.

The mass concentration of mechanical impurities in the gas stream or at the cross-section of the gas stream when using filter 7 is determined by ACS as:

where m _{mechanical impurities} is the mass of the solid dispersed phase determined in the laboratory; V _r . [m ³ at r.u.] and V _art. , [m ³ at STU] - the total volume of the gas sample in the working and standard conditions, respectively, passed through the filter layer during the study.

The volumetric concentration of the liquid dispersed phase in the gas stream or at the cross-sectional point when using the separator 18 is determined by the ACS as:

where V _disp.phase [ml] is the volume of the liquid dispersed phase released in the measuring device 21 during the study, determined by the mass flow meter 23.

The mass concentration of the liquid dispersed phase in the gas stream or at the cross-sectional point is determined by the ACS as:

where m _{phase dispersion} [g] is the mass of the dispersed liquid phase released during the measurement.

In the case of using a separator 18 m of the _{dispersion phase} [g] is determined by the mass flow meter 23 during the measurement.

In the case of using a filter, 24 m _{dispersion phase} [g] is determined in the laboratory by the formula:

m _{phase dispatch} = m _{test cassettes} - m _{new cassettes} [g],

where m is a _{new cartridge} and m _{isp cartridge} [g] is the mass of a new filter cartridge with an airtight bag and the mass of the used (at the end of measurement) filter cartridge with an airtight bag, determined on a laboratory balance.

If the separator 18 and the filter 23 were connected in series, determine the total volume concentration of the liquid dispersed phase.

Thus, in the final report, the ACS displays the values of the content of the dispersed phase in g / m ³ or ml / m ³ .

The linear local velocity of the studied flow at the cross-section point is determined by:

where q is the volumetric flow rate of the gas sample, measured by the flow meter 25, provided that the valve K20 automatically maintains a zero differential on the device 6, m ³ / h; d is the diameter of the hole in the probe tip 5.

The advantages of the proposed technical solution

1. Through the use of automatic movement of the sampling probe, a study of the concentration of dispersed particles at various points in the concentration profile is achieved. It is possible to measure the averaged concentration or measure the concentration at various points in the flow and build a concentration profile over the flow cross section.

2. The representativeness of the averaged sample taken by the probe with automatic multiple repetitive positioning at several cross-sectional points is higher than the representativeness of the sample taken by the manually moved probe.

3. Due to the automatic control of the flow rate of the sample from the condition of zero pressure drop on the device 6, the flow rates in the pipeline and at the inlet of the probe are equal throughout the measurement time, regardless of the movement of the probe between cross-section points with different local flow velocities.

4. Due to the applied form of the sampling probe, the concentration profile in the sampling area is maintained. The braking front created in the flow by the probe body is located behind the attacking section of the probe and does not make any changes to the scanned concentration profile. This, together with ensuring isokineticity, ensures representativeness of the sample.

5. Through the use of a mass flow meter, a correct and high accuracy measurement of the mass and volume flow rate of a gas sample is ensured, which does not depend on the pressure drop and changes in sample temperature in the section from the probe to the flow meter. Many similar devices use a volumetric flowmeter installed in other thermobaric conditions than the probe. This requires volume correction for pressure and temperature.

6) Due to the use of thermostatic control in combination or separately (a cooling heat exchanger, a cooling sleeve, a heating sleeve, a heating heat exchanger, cable heating of the device elements, thermal insulation of the device elements), the temperature of the gas sample is equal at the sampling point and in the separator 18, which ensures correctness measurements.

7. Through the use of isokinetic methods, it becomes possible to measure the concentration of the dispersed phase in the process gas stream with unknown flow rate and density of the medium.

8. Ensures compliance with isokinetics at any point in the flow profile, where the local gas velocity differs significantly from the average (for example, in the near-wall regions of a cylindrical pipeline).

9. It is possible to measure the density of the sampled gas while maintaining the isobaric conditions of the pipeline.

10. It is possible to measure the gas flow rate in the process pipeline over the entire velocity profile, as well as the ability to determine the volume and mass flow rate of gas.

11. Due to the automatic dosing of the inhibitor with feedback, effective protection of the gas flow control valve in the unit for automatically controlling the flow of gas samples from crystallization of water vapor on a saddle steam is provided.

Claims (4)

1. A meter of the content of the dispersed phase in the gas stream, including a sampling probe, a separator equipped with a filter cartridge and a measuring device for the separated liquid from the gas, a gas flow control valve, a container with an inhibitor and an inhibitor supply valve to the gas flow control valve, a filter cartridge for collecting mechanical impurities from gas, characterized in that it further comprises a device for automatically moving a sampling probe over the cross section of the test pipeline, a differential pressure transducer between the sampling line and the studied gas-dispersed flow, designed to perform isokinetic sampling due to the automatic control valve installed at the outlet of the sampling line, of the zero pressure difference between the sampling line and the studied gas-dispersed flow, thermostatic control, mass flow meter to account for the amount of separated liquid measuring device containing a level gauge. 2. The meter of the content of the dispersed phase in the gas stream according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermostating means include a cooling heat exchanger, cooling hoses, heating hoses, a heating heat exchanger, cable heating of the device elements, heat-insulating elements. 3. The meter of the content of the dispersed phase in the gas stream according to p. 1, characterized in that the attack section of the probe 5 is made of a material superior to steel in hardness and wear resistance. 4. The meter of the content of the dispersed phase in the gas stream according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a test filter indicator of entrainment of droplet liquid.

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