RU2257956C1 - Electromagnetic separator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: separation of finely divided mechanically prepared mixtures containing magnetic fractions.

SUBSTANCE: separator includes apparatus for feeding raw material, unit for separating raw material in the form of plate with three-phase winding, trough with ferromagnetic layer in bottom mounted on elastic members. When apparatus for feeding raw material realizes working process of metering material, mechanically prepared mixture is fed in trough that performs rocking due to change of magnetic induction. Due to action of pondermotive forces magnetic particles float up to surface of layer moving downwards, they move towards traveling magnetic field and enter pipeline for products. Unit for separating raw material and trough are arranged by inclination angle α relative to horizontal plane. Inclination angle of trough and rigidity of elastic members may be adjusted.

EFFECT: enhanced quality of separation process.

2 dwg

Description

Electromagnetic separator.

The device can be used to separate mechanical mixtures into their constituent magnetic fractions. The prior art of the claimed invention is known from the magnetic separation of molding compounds, as well as magnetic enrichment of mineral raw materials. Known devices for the extraction of fine magnetic fractions (V.F.Sumtsov Electromagnetic iron separators. M .: Mashinostroenie, 1978; V.I. Karmazin et al. Processes and machines for mineral processing. M .: Nedra, 1974) contain rotating elements in stages of separation and determine the formation of flocs, which entails an increase in operating costs and reduces the quality of the separation process. The reason that prevents obtaining the required result in known solutions (reducing operating costs and improving the quality and yield of the emitted component) is the presence of a rotating mechanical system and a large level of potential magnetic energy - U, which is necessary to provide the ponderomotive magnetic force that extracts and holds the magnetic particle and entailing collapse of flocculus.

Closest to the claimed device is an electromagnetic separator (patent for the invention No. 2217237) containing a feed device for feedstock in the form of a funnel with a varying diameter and a separator consisting of two vertically arranged plates. The plates are assembled from sheets of electrical steel. A three-phase winding is laid in the grooves, creating a traveling magnetic field. When the mechanical mixture is separated in the specified separator, it is discharged, planning under the action of gravity, by increasing the cross-sectional area of the jet. Magnetic particles, deflecting to the tips of the teeth, impose restrictions on the transverse planning of non-magnetic particles and with them fall along the teeth into the concentrate collector, reducing quality.

The reason that prevents obtaining the desired result in the prototype (improving the quality of separation) is a steady increase in the cross section of the jet during free fall between the vertical plates of the separator.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention is aimed at improving the quality of the separation process of finely divided mechanical mixtures containing a magnetic fraction. When carrying out the working process (separation of the magnetic fraction from the mechanical mixture), the initial product from the dispenser enters the trench, which makes the angle α with the horizontal plane. The mixture, moving down the gutter with a configuration controlled by the geometry of the gutter, is subject to the action of ponderomotive forces of the magnetic field and shaking, due to which it floats. A traveling magnetic field carries magnetic particles along an inclined face of the trough across the movement of the mixture under the action of gravity along the trough down.

The technical result obtained by solving the problem lies in the separation of the mechanical mixture into only magnetic and only non-magnetic fractions, that is, improving the quality of the separation process. The required technical result, namely, improving the quality of the separation process, is achieved due to the constrained flow of the mechanical mixture under the action of gravity along the bottom of the inclined trough, the floating of magnetic particles under the action of the ponderomotive forces (F = μVHqradH) for a half-period, and the oscillations of the elastically suspended trough due to the variable magnetic fields with their subsequent movement along the inclined face of the trough into the product pipeline due to the energy of the traveling magnetic field.

The essential features characterizing the claimed electromagnetic separator.

Restrictive: contains a device for supplying raw materials, a separator of raw materials, a three-phase winding that creates a traveling magnetic field.

Distinctive: the raw material separator is made in the form of a plate located at an angle α to the horizontal plane, and the three-phase winding is located on the plate, and the gutter is mounted on elastic elements, the bottom of the gutter is provided with a ferromagnetic layer, while the tilt of the gutter and the stiffness of the elastic elements are regulated.

The drawing shows a side view of the separator and a section aa.

The inventive electromagnetic separator consists of a device for supplying raw materials 1, a raw material separator 2 with a three-phase winding 3 and a groove 4, elastic elements 5, 6 and 7 — magnetic particles in the groove and product pipeline and works as follows. From the device for supplying raw materials dosing the separation volume, the mechanical mixture enters the trench, the angle of inclination α of which is adjustable. The bottom of the gutter contains a magnetic layer (can be made of a ferromagnet). Under the influence of an alternating magnetic field, the gutter on the elastic elements oscillates. The kinematic parameters of the oscillatory process are regulated by magnetic induction B and the stiffness of the elastic elements, which together with the tilt angle of the gutter allows you to adjust the flow rate of the mixture. The ponderomotive magnetic force F _pm = μVHgradH, which depends on the magnetic permeability of the medium μ, the volume of the magnetic particle V, the magnetic field strength N and its derivative, reduces the effect of gravity G≤F _pm . A magnetic particle under the action of vibration of the trough floats to the surface of a layer moving down. Due to changes in the magnetic energy U of the traveling magnetic field, the magnetic particle moves towards the field velocity V _f and enters the product pipeline.

Claims (1)

An electromagnetic separator containing a device for supplying raw materials, a raw material separator, a three-phase winding creating a traveling magnetic field, characterized in that the raw material separator is made in the form of a plate located at an angle α to the horizontal plane, and a groove, the three-phase winding being located on the plate, and the gutter is mounted on elastic elements, the bottom of the gutter is provided with a ferromagnetic layer, while the inclination of the gutter and the stiffness of the elastic elements are regulated.