RU2256550C1 - Agent for protecting wood against damage from wood-coloring and musty fungi - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: woodworking industry.

SUBSTANCE: agent, which may particularly be used to protect wet carving wood, contains, wt %: boric acid 10-25, sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate 10-20, alkyl sulfonate 1-10, dimethylalkylbenzylammonium chloride 10-50, 2-ethylhexanol (additional component) 1-5, and ethylene glycol 5-30.

EFFECT: enhanced biological efficiency and improved working characteristics.

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Description

The invention relates to forestry and woodworking industries and is intended to protect wood, for example raw lumber, from wood-staining and moldy fungi.

In accordance with GOST 10950-78 “Lumber and blanks. Antiseptics by immersion ”, lumber and blanks intended for transportation and (or) storage with humidity above 22% are antiseptic with water-soluble protective agents, if mold and sapwood mushroom stains are not allowed in these lumber or blanks.

Known means for protecting wood from blueness and mold: according to A.S. USSR No. 1659194, IPC B 27 K 3/52, B.I. No. 24, 1991; by A.S. USSR No. 1698062, IPC B 27 K 3/34, B.I. No. 46, 1991 and according to the RF Patent No. 2045393, IPC ⁶ В 27 К 3/52, B.I. No. 28, 1995

The disadvantage of these funds is the content in them of either toxic halogen-containing organic substances, or ammonia and synthetic fatty acids with a pungent odor, or deficient components - thiourea.

Closest to the proposed one is a wood preservative (RF Patent No. 2147510, IPC ⁷ В 27 К 3/52, B.I. No. 11, 2000) with the following composition of components, wt. %: boric acid or its salt 10-25, sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate 10-30, sulfonates 20-30, carbonic salts or alkali metal bases, the rest is up to 100. The proposed tool may additionally contain quaternary ammonium salts (QAC) in an amount of 0, 5-3 wt. % and is used in powder or liquid form.

However, this tool also has a number of significant disadvantages. Cooked in powder form, it is prone to dusting and therefore, due to the presence of toxic components in the formulation - boric acid and soda ash, it is a dangerous product for people working with it and for the environment. In addition, the soda ash contained in the preparation (up to 50%) is hardly soluble in water. In significant quantities, it remains unused for its intended purpose; it is collected at the bottom of the bath for wood impregnation and thereby causes additional difficulties when cleaning these baths and disposing of the precipitate formed. In the liquid form of this product, even during short-term storage (less than 1 month), due to high concentrations of caustic soda and boric acid, difficult to break and difficult to dissolve precipitates are formed, which leads to great difficulties at the stage of preparing working solutions for wood processing. In addition, this composition is not effective enough against the fungi Penicillium chrisogenum and Discula pinicola, which leads to the need to increase the concentration of working solutions and increased consumption of the drug to achieve the necessary levels of protection or to reduce the quality of timber in the presence of this type of fungus in the environment.

The proposed invention is aimed at increasing the biological efficiency and improving the operational properties of wood preservatives.

The problem is solved by a means to protect wood from damage by wood-coloring and mold fungi containing boric acid, sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate, alkyl sulfonate and QAS, which, in contrast to the prototype, contains 2-ethylhexanol and ethylene glycol in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

boric acid 10-25

sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate 10-20

dimethylalkylbenzylammonium chloride 10-50

alkyl sulfonate 1-10

2-ethylhexanol 1-5

ethylene glycol 5-30

The proposed tool is a highly concentrated, easily soluble in water and easy to use liquid form. The balanced composition of the product allows the use of working solutions for processing wood with relatively low concentrations of the active substance, while achieving high bioprotection of wood.

All components that make up the product are not scarce and are produced by industry:

- sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate - according to TU 2452-259-00204197-2001;

- boric acid - according to GOST 18704-78;

- dimethylalkylbenzylammonium chloride - according to TU 9392-003-48482528-99;

- alkyl sulfonate - according to TU 6-01-5763450-102-90;

- 2-ethylhexanol - according to GOST 26624-85;

- ethylene glycol - according to GOST 19710-83.

The wood preservative is prepared as follows. The liquid components are initially charged into the stirred reactor: ethylene glycol, 2 - ethyl hexanol, alkyl sulfonate, dimethylalkylbenzylammonium chloride. Then, with continuous stirring, boric acid and sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate are charged there. After stirring for 30 minutes at room temperature, the product is ready to use.

To test the proposed funds were prepared samples with different content of components (table 1).

Samples 1-5 correspond to the claimed composition.

Samples 6-10 were taken with a prohibitive content of components.

Sample 11 corresponds to the composition of the prototype (RF Patent No. 2147510, IPC ⁷ В 27 К 3/52, B.I. No. 11, 2000).

For testing the claimed composition used samples of sapwood pine with a humidity of 80-120%, size 5 × 15 × 180 mm Samples were treated by immersion in impregnation solutions for 1 min. Distilled water was used as a solvent for the preparations. Samples were infected in desiccators with “sawdust buffer”. Sawdust from freshly sawn wood of sapwood of pine was irrigated with a suspension of mushrooms using a spray gun. The suspension contained 27 species of fungi (strain "Senezh"), comprising 3 groups of 9 species each.

The first group includes the following types of fungi: Penicillium ochrochloron, Penicillium brevicompactum, Fusarium meniliforme, Alternaria humicola, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Penicillium chrisogenum, Phialophora fastigiata, Fusarium poae.

The second group includes the following types of fungi: Fusarium javanicum, Fusarium merismoides, Poecylomyces variotti, Sporidesmium cladosporioides, Trichosporium cheteromorphum, Aspergillus hennebergii, Discula pinicola, Cladosporium herbarum, Verticillium margudi.

The third group includes the following types of fungi: Aspergillus amstelodanum, Penicillium cyclopium, Alternaria tenuis, Fusarium culmorum, Penicillium purpurgenum, Aspergillus flsvus, Leptographium lundbergii, Trichosporium harzianum.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the protective agent, as stipulated by GOST 30028.4-93, was carried out after 15 days of exposure, according to the average area affected by the fungi of the surface of the samples in percent and according to the stage of development of the fungus. The latter was evaluated on a six-point system:

0 - absolutely pure samples during visual inspection and under a microscope;

1 - visually clean samples; when viewed under a microscope, small foci are visible in the form of spots of one type of wood-staining or mold fungi; sporulation stage is absent;

2 - surface development of mycelium of certain types of wood-staining and mold fungi in the form of spots; sporulation stage is absent;

3 - abundant growth of the mycelium of certain types of wood-staining or mold fungi; the beginning of the stage of sporulation of one of the species of fungi;

4 - fungal growth is clearly visible during visual inspection, various stages of sporulation of most species of wood-staining and mold fungi;

5 - deep damage by wood-dyeing and mold fungi of the entire area of the sample, intensive sporulation.

The test results are presented in table 2.

The results obtained show a high effectiveness of the agent in the claimed ratio of components. Going beyond at least one component leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of the drug.

Thus, the proposed wood preservative due to its balanced composition and the absence of highly toxic compounds and hardly soluble precipitates in it allows increasing biological efficiency and improving operational properties.

table 2 Sample No. Absorption, g / m ² The degree of damage by fungi: area -%, stage of development - points. Efficiency Note 1 groups 2 groups 3 groups % points % points % points 1 0.55 <5 1 <5 1 <5 1 highly effective 2 0.49 <5 1 0 1 <5 1 highly effective - 3 0.51 0 1 0 0 6 1 highly effective - 4 0.52 0 0 <5 1 0 0 highly effective - 5 0.50 <5 1 <5 1 0 0 highly effective - 6 0.53 twenty 2 25 2 twenty 1 effective Active development 7 0.58 25 2 twenty 2 fifteen 2 effective Penicillium mushrooms 8 0.51 twenty 2 25 2 twenty 2 effective chrisogenum and discula nine 053 25 1 twenty 2 fifteen 1 effective pinicola 10 0.54 twenty 2 25 2 fifteen 1 effective eleven 0.49 45 4 40 3 35 4 medium effective the control - 90 5 80 5 85 5 -

Claims (1)

An agent for protecting wood from damage by wood coloring and mold fungi, containing boric acid, sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate, alkyl sulfonate and quaternary ammonium salts (QAS), characterized in that dimethylalkylbenzylammonium chloride is used as QAS and the agent additionally contains ethylene glycol and 2-ethylene glycol wt.%: Boric acid 10-25 Sodium Dimethyldithiocarbamate 10-20 Dimethylalkylbenzylammonium chloride 10-50 Alkylsulfonate 1-10 2-Ethylhexanol 1-5 Ethylene Glycol 5-30