RU2465128C2 - Fire- and bioprotective composition for wood and wood-based materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fire- and bioprotective preparations for wood and wood-based materials. The preparation for protecting wood and wood-based material from fire contains a solvent - water, boric acid, diammonium phosphate and amino alcohol of general formula: (C_nH_2n+1)_k NH_3-(k+m) (C_nH_2nOH)_m, where: n, m=1-3, k=0-2, k+m≤3.

EFFECT: obtaining a preparation with high fire-protective efficiency and protective capacity with respect to the most common mould and wood-staining fungi.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of protection of wood and wood materials, namely, preparations for protecting wood and wood materials from biological destruction (for example, lower fungi) and fire. It can be applied in all sectors of the economy where wood and wood products are used, for example, in the woodworking and woodworking industries, and in construction.

Closest to the proposed drug is a flame retardant coating "KLOD 01" (Russian Patent RU No. 2140403 C1, IPC ⁶ С04В 28/34, С04В 111: 28, С09K 21/12), including (in wt.%):

- The first layer. Urea (CO (NH ₂ ) ₂ ) - 20-34, diammonium phosphate ((NH ₄ ) ₂ HPO ₄ ) 10-22, boric acid (H ₃ BO ₃ ) - 4-6 and the solvent - water - the rest.

- The second layer. Organophosphoric acid - 2.0-5.0, urea (CO (NH ₂ ) ₂ ) - 15-32.

The disadvantage of this composition is:

- insufficient fire retardant efficiency according to GOST 30028.3-93 with surface application methods (at costs less than 600 g / m ² for the absorption of working solutions).

- a relatively narrow spectrum of action to suppress the growth of fungi that cause wood destruction, for example, to some of the most common in our climatic conditions, in particular, low bioprotective ability against mold fungi Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium cyclopium and Aspergillus niger.

The aim of the present invention is:

- increase fire retardant efficiency according to GOST 30028.3-93 with surface application methods.

- increasing the protective ability in relation to the 27 most common types of mold and wood-staining mushrooms in Russia.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the flame retardant coating “KLOD 01” instead of urea (CO (NH ₂ ) ₂ ) during the formation of the first layer contains an amino alcohol of the general formula (while the formation of the second layer is no longer necessary): (C _n H _{2n + 1} ) _k NH _{3- (k + m)} (C _n H _2n OH) _m , where n, m = 1-3 (k + m≤3), k = 0-2. In the following ratio of components:

Boric acid (H ₃ VO ₃ ) 5-40 Amino alcohol 2-20 diammonium phosphate ((NH ₄ ) ₂ HPO ₄ ) 10-40 solvent (water) up to 100

The drug is obtained by mixing the components. The compositions are shown in table 1.

Table 1 Drug component Wt% Famous Composition 1 Composition 2 Composition 3 Composition 4 Diethylmethanolamine - twenty - - - Methylethanolamine - - 10 - - Dimethylpropanolamine - - - 2 - Diethanolamine - - - - 10 Boric acid (H ₃ VO ₃ ) 5 40 40 5 twenty Urea (CO (NH ₂ ) ₂ ) thirty - - - - Diammonium Phosphate ((NH ₄ ) ₂ HPO ₄ ) twenty 10 40 40 thirty Solvent (water) 45 thirty 10 53 40

Fire retardant efficiency was determined according to GOST 30028.3-93.

The tests are carried out on samples made from direct-layer air-dried wood sapwood pine with a density of 0.45-0.55 g / cm ³ . Wood should not have visible defects in accordance with GOST 2140.

Wood samples are 15 × 15 × 6 mm (last dimension along the fibers). Sample size deviations should not exceed ± 0.5 mm.

The protective agent is tested with at least five absorption. Recommended are absorption 5; 10; twenty; 40; 80 kg / m ³ .

Absorption, providing a loss of mass of wood samples during combustion, equal to 25%, is determined according to the schedule.

The value of this absorption establish the class of fire-protective ability of protective equipment in accordance with table 2.

table 2 The absorption of the protective agent, providing a weight loss of 25%, kg / m ³ Fire protection class No more than 30 I More than 30 but less than 50 II 50 and more III

According to the duration of self-burning of wood samples with flame and smoldering, the type of protective agent for fire protection is established (table 3).

Table 3 Fire protection class Duration of independent burning of samples, s, no more Type of fire protection flame smoldering I twenty Not regulated Flame arrester II thirty III 40 I Not regulated thirty Antibody II fifty III 70 I twenty thirty Universal action II thirty fifty III 40 70

Absorption, providing a loss of mass of wood samples during combustion, equal to 25%, are presented in table 4.

Table 4 No. p / p A drug The absorption of the solution, kg / m ³ The absorption of dry salts, kg / m ³ Fireproof efficiency class according to GOST 30028.3-93 one Famous 40 13.6 II 2 Composition 1 21 18.2 I 3 Composition 2 26 18.2 I four Composition 3 40 17,2 II 5 Composition 4 29th 17.4 I

As can be seen from the table, the class of fire-retardant effectiveness of the new protective agent is higher with less absorption.

The toxicity of drugs in relation to blue stain and mold fungi was determined according to GOST 30028.4. The test was conducted on 27 species of mushrooms (strain Senezh), which make up 3 groups of 9 species each.

the first group included the following types of mushrooms: the second group included the following types of mushrooms: the third group included the following types of mushrooms: Penicillium ochrochloron, Aspergillus terreus, Fusarium moniliforme, Penicillium brevicompactum, Fusarium poae, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrisogenum, Alternaria humicola, Phialophora fastigiata. Fusarium javanicum, Fusarium merismoides, Paecylomyces varioti, Sporodesmium cladosporioides, Trichosporium heteromorphum, Aspergillus hennebergii, Discula pinicola, Cladosporium herbarum, Verticillium marguandi. Aspergillus amstelodanum, Penicillium cyclopium, Alternaria tenuis, Aureobasidium pullulans, Fusarium culmorum, Penicillium purpurogenum, Aspergillus flavus, Leptographium lundbergii, Trichosporium harzianum.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the protective agent, as provided by GOST, was carried out after 15 days of exposure, according to the average area affected by the fungi of the surface of the samples in percent and according to the stage of development of the fungus. The latter was evaluated on a five-point system:

0 - absolutely pure samples during visual inspection and under a microscope;

1 - visually clean samples: when examined under a microscope, small foci are visible in the form of spots of one type of wood-staining or mold fungi; sporulation stage is absent;

2 - surface development of mycelium of certain types of wood-staining and mold fungi in the form of spots; sporulation stage is absent;

3 - abundant growth of the mycelium of certain species of wood-staining or mold fungi; the beginning of the stage of sporulation of one of the species of fungi;

4 - fungal growth is clearly visible during visual inspection, various stages of sporulation of most species of wood-staining and mold fungi;

5 - deep damage by wood-dyeing and mold fungi of the entire area of the sample, intensive sporulation.

To determine the threshold concentration at which the antiseptic according to GOST classification is no less than “effective”, the finished preparations were diluted with a solvent (water). In addition, a threshold concentration was determined with respect to molds Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium cyclopium and Aspergillus niger. The test results are presented in table 5.

Table 5 No. p / p A drug The degree of dilution (the degree of dilution is a value inversely proportional to the threshold concentration, showing how many times it is necessary to dilute the initial solution, with an equal initial content of the target component to obtain the desired threshold concentration) according to GOST The degree of dilution (the degree of dilution is a value inversely proportional to the threshold concentration, showing how many times it is necessary to dilute the initial solution, with an equal initial content of the target component to obtain the desired threshold concentration) for these types of mushrooms one Famous 5.5 6.0 2 Composition 1 6.1 7.5 3 Composition 2 9.0 9.5 four Composition 3 5.5 6.5 5 Composition 4 7.3 8.2

The proposed product, compared with the known one, is on average 27% more effective in relation to the GOST-compliant method and 30% more effective in relation to molds Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium cyclopium and Aspergillus niger. This allows it to be used in a wider field of application.

Claims (1)

A preparation for protecting wood and materials based on it from fire, including a solvent - water, boric acid H ₃ BO ₃ , diammonium phosphate (NH ₄ ) ₂ HPO ₄ , amino alcohol of the general formula: (C _n H _{2n + 1} ) _k NH _{3- (k + m)} (C _n H _2n OH) _m , where n, m = 1-3, k = 0-2, k + m≤3, in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
Boric acid H ₃ IN ₃ 5-40 Amino alcohol 2-20 Diammonium Phosphate (NH ₄ ) ₂ HPO ₄ 10-40 Solvent Rest