RU2256023C1 - Method for river bed cleaning of sediments - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic engineering, particularly for cleaning river, channel beds and other structures of sediments.

SUBSTANCE: method for bed cleaning by sequential transversal bulldozers movement involves coarse planning river bed with the use of bulldozer with flat blade; cleaning river bed by moving bulldozers having comb-like blades with different gaps between knives thereof and forming afflux dams along river banks, wherein river bed cleaning is initially carried out by bulldozers having greater gaps between knives of comb-like blades and then by bulldozers having lesser ones. Dam bodies are formed by sequential moving bulldozers with comb-like blades so that upstream dam face comprises coarse fractions, dam top and downstream face thereof has fine fractions. After that silt free from coarse fractions are moved by bulldozers with flat blades to river bed axis to provide following carry-over thereof by high flood.

EFFECT: increased efficiency and economy.

6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering construction and can be used as a method of cleaning sediment from riverbeds and canals with the simultaneous use of collected stone in hydraulic engineering and other construction as building materials.

A known method of cleaning channels with a device for cleaning channels from sediment [1], including a frame with a running gear and a retaining shield in the form of a cross section of the channel, equipped with screw-blade turbines with brush feathers, which are mounted on the longitudinal axes under the shield and attached to its lower part.

The disadvantages of this technical solution are:

- this technical solution is not applicable for cleaning river beds from sediment;

- a rather complicated technical solution and therefore may be unreliable;

- in the process of production, it is not possible to simultaneously collect the stone for its subsequent use;

- when large inclusions are contained in the channel, the efficiency of use decreases and may be zero.

The closest technical solution is a method of cleaning channels with excavators EM-152, EM-202 with loading onto vehicles [2].

The disadvantages of this technical solution are:

- a rather expensive technical solution;

- the energy of the water flow is not used, which would save significant funds;

- during the production process, it is not possible to simultaneously collect the stone for its subsequent use.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency and profitability of cleaning riverbeds from sediment while obtaining stone.

This goal is achieved by the fact that bulldozers with flat dumps produce a rough layout of the river channel. Then, with bulldozers having rake dumps, the river bed begins to be cleared of large fractions. The amount of coarse fractions in sediment can range from 5 to 20 percent of the total mass, so there is no need to clean the entire mass, but you can use the energy of the water stream to clean. For this, large fractions are removed and the erosive ability of the river bed is increased. In the presence of large fractions, a blind area gradually forms, which protects the riverbed from erosion. The sizes of large fractions can be 50-400 mm. To remove large fractions, bulldozers move in the transverse direction from the axis of the river to the shore, gradually forming dams. First, bulldozers with rake dumps, in which the gaps between the knives are large, pass and larger fractions, for example 200-400 mm, are removed from the bulk. And then bulldozers with lesser clearances pass and fractions with sizes of 50-200 mm are removed. Such a scheme of movement of bulldozers significantly increases productivity and quality of work. Thus, it is possible to clear the river bed from large fractions to a depth of 1 m. Then, for deeper cleaning, bulldozers with a flat dump move sediments that are cleaned from large fractions to the axis of the river bed, forming a mound there. After cleaning the river bed from sediment, the process of transverse movements of bulldozers is repeated and they again sequentially begin to move large fractions into the body of the dam. Thus, it is possible to clean the bottom of large fractions to a depth of 2-3 meters or more. The number of bulldozers with different widths of gaps between the blades of the rake blade, as well as the width of the gaps, depends on the size and number of large fractions that make up the sediment. The width of the gaps must be such that fractions of the required size for movement do not pass through them.

The cross section of the dam body by successive movements of bulldozers with rake dumps is poured so that larger fractions are located in the upper slope, and smaller fractions are in the upper slope and lower slope. Such a dam has increased resistance to erosion. In this case, the uphill slope is poured with a laying of 1: 3 or 1: 4, and the bottom slope with a laying of 1: 2.

During a flood, a stream of water washes away sediments and an embankment from the river bed, naturally purifying and using the energy of the stream. The transporting ability of the flow increases due to the removal of large fractions from sediments and the deprivation of the ability of the river channel to form a blind area, which is a natural protection against erosion of the bottom.

Figure 1 shows a cross section of a river channel with bulldozers, General view; figure 2 - a rake blade, a perspective view; figure 3 is a cross section of a river channel with stone dams during the flood, General view; figure 4 is a cross section of a river channel with bulldozers having flat dumps and moving sediments, cleaned of large fractions, to the axis of the channel, general view, general view; figure 5 is a flat blade, a perspective view; 6 is a cross section of the body of the dams with the layout of larger and smaller fractions, General view.

In the channel 1 of the river, bulldozers 2, having rake dumps 3, move in the transverse direction. Rake blade 3, large fractions 4 move into the body of dam 5. In this case, the rake blade 3 consists of knives 6, which are interconnected with openings 7 and a width depending on size and number of coarse fractions 4. Sludges 8, cleaned of coarse fractions 4, are moved by bulldozers 9, having flat dumps 10, to the axis of the channel, forming an embankment 11. The body of the dam 5 is sequentially moved by bulldozers 2 with rake dumps 3 in such a way The reason is that larger fractions 13 are deposited on the upper slope 12, and smaller fractions 15 on the lower slope 14. During the flood, the water stream 16 carries sediment 8, cleaned of large fractions 4, and embankment 11, clearing the channel of river 1.

A method of cleaning riverbeds from sediment is as follows. First, bulldozers 9 with flat dumps 10 make a rough layout of the riverbed 1. Then, with bulldozers 2 having rake dumps 6, the riverbed 1 is cleared from large fractions 4 (Fig. 1). Bulldozers 2 move in the transverse direction from the axis of the river to the shore, gradually forming dams 5. First, bulldozers 2 with rake dumps 3 (Fig. 2) pass, in which the clearances 7 between the knives 6 are large, and then the bulldozers 2 with smaller clearances 7. Such the movement pattern of bulldozers 2 significantly increases productivity and quality of work. Thus, it is possible to clear the channel of river 1 from large fractions to a depth of 1 m. Next, for deeper cleaning, bulldozers 9 with a flat blade 10 (Fig. 5) move sediment 8, which are cleared of large inclusions, to the axis of the channel of river 1, forming there embankment 11 (figure 3). After cleaning the channel of the river 1 from sediment 8, the process of transverse movements of bulldozers 2 is repeated.

The number of bulldozers 2 with different widths of the gaps 7 between the knives 6 of the rake blade 3, as well as the width of the gaps 7 depends on the size and number of large fractions 4 included in the sediment.

The cross section of the body of the dam 5 by successive movements of bulldozers 2 with rake dumps 3 is poured so that in the uphill slope 12 there are larger fractions 13, and at the top and in the downhill 14 smaller fractions 15 (Fig. 6). Such a dam 5 has increased resistance to erosion.

During the flood, a stream of water 16 flushes out sediment 8 (FIG. 3) and embankment 11 from the riverbed 1, naturally purifying and using the energy of the water stream.

The proposed method for cleaning river beds from sediment is cheaper and more reliable in the work of known similar technical solutions. At the same time, the stone collected in this way is of great value in any construction, especially in hydraulic engineering.

Sources of information

1. A.s. 1781383 USSR, MKI E 02 B 15/00 Device for cleaning channels with concrete cladding from sediment / Lamerdonov Z.G., Khuzhokov K.S., Stepanov P.M., Dokuchaev V.V. ( USSR); Application 04/18/91; publ. 12/15/92, Bull. No. 46 (analogue).

2. Operation of irrigation and drainage systems / Natalchuk MF, Akhmedov H.A., Olgarenko V.I. - M .: Kolos, 1983 (p. 165) (prototype).

Claims (1)

A method of cleaning river beds from sediments, including clearing the river bed from sediments, characterized in that the clearing is carried out by successive transverse movements of bulldozers: first, rough planes of the river bed are made by bulldozers with a flat blade, then bulldozers having rake dumps with different sizes of clearances between the knives begin cleaning the river bed with the formation of stream-guiding dams along its banks; moreover, bulldozers pass at which the width of the openings in the rake dump is large, and then dosers with a smaller width of openings, while the bodies of the dams in the cross section are sprinkled by successive movements of bulldozers with rake dumps so that larger fractions are in the upper slope of the dams, and smaller fractions are at the top and bottom slope, after which they are cleared of large fractions sediments with bulldozers with a flat dump are moved to the axis of the channel for their subsequent flushing from the bottom of the river with a stream of water during the flood.

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