RU2086729C1 - Method for cleaning, deepening and straightening of river bed - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic engineering. SUBSTANCE: according to method, erected in river bed are partitioning hydraulic engineering structures with adjustable water-passing holes, water is accumulated in ponds or storages upstream of aforesaid structures, and water waves are generated in river bed downstream of location of structures by opening of water-passing holes. At maximal filling of ponds or water storages, opening of water-passing holes is effected subsequently beginning with structure located in lower reaches of river, and finishing with structure located in upper part of river. At low filling of ponds and water storages, opening of water-passing holes is performed in reverse sequence of operations. Opening of holes is effected for extent and water velocity being directly proportional to required intensity of river bed deepening and straightening. Time intervals between opening of water-passing holes of lower-located and upper-located structures are set depending on drying of soil around river bed as reversely proportional to intensity of river bed deepening and straightening. EFFECT: high efficiency. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to hydraulic engineering and land reclamation, can be used mainly to intensify the washing of channels of regulated rivers and other water streams by creating running water waves in them.

 The predominant area of application is the flat conditions of the taiga zone and the zone of mixed forests, the Non-Chernozem zone.

 From author St. N 1146359, class E 02 B 3/02, 1985. The “Method for developing a channel in the ground with a water stream” is known, which includes placing a restraint device in a pioneer channel, launching a water flow in the channel and moving a restraint device along the channel. Low productivity is one of the serious disadvantages of this method.

 From auto N 763510, class E 02 B 3/02, 1980. The "Method of river flow regulation" is known, including the construction of reservoirs and the use of artificial water sources during periods of reduction or cessation of water consumption from them to fill reservoirs, as well as replenishment of the river with periodic water passes from reservoirs. The inability to create a powerful water wave for cleaning the river bed from bottom sediments and overgrowing with grassy vegetation is one of the most significant drawbacks of this method.

 From auto N 1130638, class E 02 B 3/02, 1984, is known for the "Method of hydraulic washing of the channel of a water stream", regulated by sequentially located blocking hydraulic structures, including the passage of water through the culverts of hydraulic structures.

This method is closest to the proposed purpose and contains the largest number of similar features, therefore, taken as a prototype. Despite a number of fairly significant advantages, the prototype has a number of disadvantages, in particular:
insufficiently high efficiency due to the unresolved issues of priority and speed of water passage, as well as the time interval between them, that is, the amplitude and speed of propagation of a traveling water wave;
the impossibility of a comprehensive solution to the problems of cleaning, deepening and straightening the river bed in combination with the protection of ichthyofauna.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase efficiency by regulating the deepening and straightening of the river channel, by controlling the amplitude and propagation velocity of traveling water waves, as well as the time interval between their formations.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of cleaning, deepening and straightening the river channel, including the construction of blocking hydraulic structures in the river channel with adjustable culverts, the accumulation of water in ponds or reservoirs above the locations of structures and the formation of running water waves in the channel below the locations of structures by opening culverts in structures, with maximum filling of ponds or reservoirs, culverts are opened sequentially and with priority, starting with a structure located in the lower reaches of the river, and ending with a structure located in the upper reaches of the river, and with a small filling of ponds or reservoirs with reverse order, starting with a structure located in the upper reaches of the river and ending with a construction located downstream rivers, while opening the culverts is carried out by the amount and at a speed directly proportional to the required intensity of the deepening and straightening of the channel, and the time intervals between the opening of the openings are lower of this and upstream structures are installed depending on the drying of the bed of the channel and inversely proportional to the required intensity of deepening and straightening it. In addition, furrows, ditches, trenches or crevices with a depth of 10 50 cm are laid along the isthmuses in river bends before draining water from ponds or reservoirs.

 In the process, the amplitude of the running water wave is regulated depending on the required value of the deepening of the river channel by adjusting the rate of descent of the water from the pond or reservoir by proportionally changing the amount of opening of the culverts (locks, mines, etc.), and the priority of the descent of water from ponds and reservoirs are installed depending on the water level in them and the required increase in the depth of the channel, for example, at the maximum permissible water level at the critical level in order to avoid destruction from the dams located in the upper reaches of the river, and when the water level is small, that is, harmless to the dams, and the need for maximum deepening or straightening of the river channel in the direction from top to bottom, in this case of the need for the maximum possible deepening and straightening of the river channel, the size and speed of opening the culverts (locks, mines, etc.) make the maximum and the time intervals from the descent of the lower ponds in or reservoirs before lowering downstream, set in accordance with the impregnation of water adjacent to the channel to the maximum possible moisture content, without waiting for the process of drying out the soil after rolling a traveling water wave, and if necessary, the minimum permissible deepening of the river channel, these time periods are set to achieve the maximum possible drainage soil following the previous water wave, that is, the largest.

 In FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the sequential arrangement of ponds and / or reservoirs on a river bed; figure 2 option for the location of ponds and / or reservoirs on the main channel of the river and its tributaries.

Conventional images taken on the diagrams:
1 river, 2 tributary of the river, 3 pond or reservoir with a hydraulic structure located in the upper river, 9 pond or reservoir with a hydraulic structure located in the lower river, 5, 7 ponds or reservoirs with intermediate hydraulic structures located on the riverbed; 4, 6, 8 ponds or reservoirs with hydraulic structures located on the tributaries of the river.

 To implement the method, a cascade of ponds and / or reservoirs is constructed on river 1 by means of blocking hydraulic structures 3 9, accumulate water in them and lower it through culverts (locks, mines) downstream of each reservoir once, forming a traveling water wave (on the diagrams not indicated), for example, in the form of a rolling water shaft clearing the bottom of the channel from or and grass.

Wherein:
the amplitude of the running water wave is regulated depending on the required magnitude of the deepening, straightening of the riverbed 1 by regulating the rate of descent of water from a pond or reservoir by changing the speed and magnitude of the opening of locks (not shown in the diagrams);
the priority for the discharge of water from ponds and / or reservoirs is set depending on the water level in them and the required increase in the depth of the channel, for example, at the maximum permissible water level at the critical level (during flood or storm water) in order to avoid the destruction of downstream dams and dams start from a pond or reservoir 9 located in the lower reaches, and end from located in the upper river, that is, successively lower ponds 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, and with a small, i.e. not dangerous for dams, water level and the need for maximum deepening or straightening of the channel of the river 1 in the direction from top to bottom, that is, they start from the reservoir 3, then they drain water from reservoirs 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and end by descent from the reservoir 9. In the latter case, the option of forming the total a water wave below one or more bodies of water 3-9.

 In addition, if it is necessary to maximize the deepening and straightening of the riverbed 1, the magnitude and speed of opening the culverts (locks, mines, etc.) is maximized, and the time intervals from the lower ponds or reservoirs to the lower ones are set in accordance with the impregnation water adjacent to the channel to the maximum possible moisture content, without waiting for the process of desiccation of the soil after rolling each previous running water wave. A moist and waterlogged soil undergoes much more destruction by the next traveling water wave than dry solid soil, and due to the greater destruction of the soil, there is a greater deepening and straightening of the riverbed 1.

 If necessary, the minimum permissible deepening of the riverbed 1, these time intervals are set to achieve the maximum possible desiccation of the soil in the wake of the previous water wave.

 The sequence of water discharge from ponds and reservoirs, the degree of opening of water passage openings (locks, shafts, etc.) in dams and the time intervals between water discharge should be planned in advance, agreed between all hydraulic services of this river complex and specified by the headquarters of the hydraulic engineering service (dispatch paragraph) during a flood, while the headquarters should periodically receive information about the water level in the water bodies, the degree of opening of water outlets (locks, mines, etc.), the speed of the water flow and the degree vlazhneniya soil on the flooded river bed above the surrounding area. To this end, hydraulic services for all ponds and reservoirs on the river should be equipped with telephone and / or radio communications, ensuring the prompt adoption of measures to regulate water flow.

The proposed method has a significant positive effect, in particular:
1. Due to the high energy of the traveling water wave, a one-time solution of several problems at the same time is provided, in particular:
cleaning the river bed from bottom sediments and overgrowing with grassy vegetation;
deepening the river bed, including in the territory of ponds;
straightening of the channel.

2. Due to the presence on the river of many ponds and / or reservoirs with adjustable culverts (locks, mines, etc.), it is possible to control the parameters of a traveling water wave, in particular:
wave amplitudes;
water wave propagation velocity;
time intervals between drains of ponds and / or reservoirs.

 3. Due to the straightening of the riverbed by a powerful water stream, in the places of the remaining meanders of the river there are bays and quiet backwaters, which are a haven for fish and birds, which helps to establish optimal environmental ties in nature, diversifies and increases the number of fauna.

Claims (1)

 The method of cleaning, deepening and straightening the river bed, including the construction of blocking hydraulic structures with adjustable culverts in the river channel, the accumulation of water in ponds or reservoirs above the locations of structures and the formation of water waves in the channel below the locations of structures by opening culverts in structures the fact that at maximum fillings of ponds or reservoirs, the opening of culverts is carried out sequentially and in turn starting from a structure located in the upper river, and ending with a structure located in the upper river, and with a small filling of ponds or reservoirs with the reverse order, starting from a structure located in the upper river and ending with a structure located in the lower river, this opening of the culverts is carried out at a value and with a speed directly proportional to the required intensity of the deepening and straightening of the channel, and the time intervals between the opening of the culverts below and in sheraspolozhennogo structures set depending on the drying bed soil is inversely proportional to the desired intensity of its recess and rectification.

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