JPH07150598A - River surface flowing water intake construction method by combining fishway - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To maintain and control a coduit to help going-upstream of fish by forming the conduit by arranging a water intake apron on the upstream side of a floor stopper, forming a part of the floor stopper as a notch and forming the just downstream of the conduit as double side vertical walls, and constructing a box-shaped stair fishway on which partition walls are arrange at constant intervals in the flowing direction. CONSTITUTION:A water intake apron 12 is embedded on the upstream side of a floor stopper 11 insulated from a bulkhead foundation 3, and natural stones are embedded in concrete, and a part is projected from a riverbed, and the natural stones are arranged so that a part is projected from the riverbed at an angle close to 45 degrees. A deep water is formed by projecting stones from a wall of a conduit, and a change is given to a flow to help going- upstream of fish. The downstream side of the conduit is squeezed to about 1/2 of a width of the conduit, and a fold is added at an angle close to 45 degrees, and a water level of the conduit is held. The downstream side of the floor stopper 11 is formed as a protective floor 1 by packing rubble 18 in a gentle slope in a range of the downstream floor stopper 18 so as to become lower than the bottom of the conduit. The downstream side of the conduit is formed as a recessed water channel, and is dammed up by using stones at constant intervals, and water is kept, and a box-shaped stair fishway in which water overflows in stages is formed.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

[Industrial field of application] In order to use the running water of a river for agricultural water, the river was dammed up by a fixed weir, a movable weir, etc., and it was economically used on the land inside the embankment due to a natural water transfer gradient. At the time of installing fixed and movable weirs, fishways have been installed in places where there is a right to cultivate and fishery for the purpose of assisting fish upstream. Today, the method of river rehabilitation is implemented by the excavation channel plan, which is dug down from the ground in the embankment, and the fixed weir is removed and an alternative water facility is required. Although river rehabilitation has a stronger structure due to revetment, it has a large impact on the natural environment as a habitat for fish and organisms, and today there is no need to cultivate and fishery rights, or if there is a water facility regardless of the size of the head. It is necessary to consider the installation of fishways. When performing pump-up water intake, the water intake method is being restricted to river surface water intake, and a water conduit is constructed by intake water tapping on the upstream side of the floor stop,
It uses the scavenging action of running water to take in water while allowing sediment to flow downstream, and by devising a drop work water tapping work on the downstream side of a floor stop to combine runways and fishways to run up and down the fish. There was a need for river surface water intake methods to help and protect the landscape and the natural environment, and it became necessary to develop floor stop systems that would not adversely affect flood control floods.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when water is used by weaving a river with movable weirs, sluices, etc., the width of the river is widened to provide a stairway as a fishway, and the running water is always prioritized to run the fish upstream. It was subsidized. In the case of the floor stopper "drop work", a fish path is installed on the water tap, and the downstream of the fish path is generally smooth and has a shallow water depth and a high flow velocity. Was impossible. In addition, in the small-scale floor stop construction "drop head construction" for small and medium rivers, fishways were not generally installed. Today, river improvement is also important for the environment and landscape, and the natural environment is maintained regardless of the scale of the river. Depending on the purpose of protection,
In this situation, the need to release maintenance water and fishways that are friendly to fish and living creatures is being questioned. In small and medium-sized rivers, the amount of water is small, and there is a relationship between the water intake of the river and the distribution of water between the fishway and the river structure, so it is necessary to create a new fishway that integrates with the water intake facility. And landscape is a big theme. Regarding the river surface water intake method for pumping up and natural intake, the inventor has already invented the intake method according to the river conditions by the patent No. 923240 and the patent No. 923241, etc. It's up to you. In river water intake, weirs by fixed weirs are not possible today due to structural regulations, and basically, water is collected from a headrace channel dug in the riverbed and pumped up. When water intake is provided by introducing a water conduit into the tapping machine, the treatment of earth and sand and waste is a management problem, and the floor stop work "Slope work"
And it is most important to make use of the scavenging action by hitting the water with the head drop. Since the amount of water is small in small-scale rivers and the effect of running water is small and cannot be expected, it is necessary to construct a head drop downstream of the floor stop more than the depth of the headrace. Therefore, it is necessary to install a water hammer for the purpose of scouring to prevent scouring. Traditionally, even if a fish path was provided with a smooth water hammer and the river flow was small, even if a shallow water depth and flow velocity were fast It was difficult to get up and down. As a related application, the inventor described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-2
"No. 47916""Conducting a channel in a river with a combination of small-scale heads", and this plan is also friendly to fish and organisms. It is necessary to combine a better fishway with the construction method of floor stoppers for river improvement. There is.

[0003]

With regard to surface water intake from rivers, the inventor has proposed "Patent No. 923240, Patent No. 923".
No. 241, etc., to construct a headrace by installing intake water taps in the scouring area of the riverbed and Mio-suji, and sweeping away the earth and sand by the action of running water to make the surface water intake valve project, and a cylindrical grid-shaped screen. The water will be taken in by opening and the flowing water will be once turned upward by the upward bell mouth provided at the center of the cylinder, and then the water will be reversed by 180 degrees and taken. Initially, we developed a structure that avoids the inflow of sediment, and traced a number of implemented properties. As a result, it was confirmed that ayu and other fish were inhabited in the headrace, and fish were not pumped up in the canal. In general, fish are more sensitive to changes in the horizontal flow velocity than the vertical flow velocity, and when they come to a place where the flow velocity changes, they evacuate. Although this method is water intake that is gentle to fish, it was a water intake method with few problems where there is no head construction in the river channel plan. There are various rivers, and floor stop work "falling" is used as a method to make the slope gentle according to the river channel plan. In the case of river surface water intake, there is a drop and a fall construction provided downstream The maintenance of the headrace becomes very convenient, and the head difference of the intake water is small upstream of the drop construction, resulting in the power saving effect. The problem is that the installation of the floor stopper "Okazaku" is a barrier made by humans against fish. The staircase box-shaped fishway, which has been established for a long time, is a fact that even if some kinds of fish run upstream, all fish and creatures are still being investigated and not yet investigated. Currently, a new fish path is being proposed, and the floor stopper "Okadako"
The installation method has been revised to the design guideline of the old floor stop work, and it is based on the drop work that is gradually slid without approaching the new design concept and widening the river bed width, based on the intake water tapping work, floor stop work, drop work, downstream It will be carried out by devising a side wall protection system and combining fishways that are kind to all fish and creatures. In rivers with abundant river flow, there is no obstacle to water for fish and organisms, but in small and medium-sized rivers, drought may occur for a short period of time, so it is necessary to keep water during the drought season. Even if there is a slope on the downstream side of the floor stop, it is necessary to establish a water pool and an artificial pool on the downstream side to actively construct a natural environment and inherit the idea of "multi-natural river" or "near natural river". There is.

[0004]

[Means for Solving the Problems] In small and medium-sized rivers, the basin is small and the flow rate increases rapidly during rainfall. On the contrary, the amount of water is small when it is sunny, and it is difficult to maintain what is expected to be affected by running water in the river. The headrace can be maintained even if there is little running water if there is a height above the bottom of the headrace, by combining the downstream side of the intake tapping with the floor stop "heading" without going against it. Next, from the viewpoint of river flood control, the guideline for installation of the traditional drop construction is the widening of the river bed width. The flow of running water flows up and down due to widening and contraction, and a strong structure was required, and the site needed to be widened. In recent years, environmental problems have been raised, environmental issues have been raised, rivers need to be renovated in their natural state, and the safety of flood control and the convenience of water use must be sought and restoration to nature is necessary. Therefore, when using the river to take in water, it is necessary to have an intake facility that is kind to fish and living things.
It is indispensable to combine fishways suitable for river conditions, and then the method of distribution between water use and maintenance water will occur. By arranging the headrace and the fishway in a straight line, it is possible to take water while discharging it to the fishway. Next, it is necessary for the water intake facility to have a function and to be in harmony with the nature of the region and the city. It is also necessary to make use of various materials existing in the river to construct a structure that is both landscape and at the same time friendly to fish and living things. Is.

[0005]

With respect to each claim of the present invention,
The construction method and action will be described. (1) About claim 1 An intake water tapping device is provided on the upstream side of the floor stop to form a headrace, and a part of the floor stop is cut out to form a head drop not less than the depth of the head of the headrace. Combining a staircase type fishway, the walls on both sides immediately upstream of the headrace to the tapping work are made one step higher than the height of the floor stopper,
The height of the notch provided on the first-stage partition wall is made slightly lower than the height of the tapping water to make it overflow, and a small amount of maintenance water is preferentially flowed down even during the dry season. When the amount of water is abundant, the fishway also overflows from the intake water tapping and floor stop works, the flow velocity of the headrace becomes faster, and the sediment is washed away. A flexible revetment will be laid on the downstream side of the floor stop except for the fishway, and stones will be installed between the revetment foundation and stone to prevent concentrated loads from being applied to the revetment. Therefore, it is slid on a gentle slope, the riverbed is not widened, and the flowing water flows down by rectification.
The entire cross section of the riverbed also becomes a rapid, and the fishway is used when the amount of water is small.In the dry season, the pool is maintained in the fishway, which is friendly to fish and organisms. A slope will be formed in the downstream, avoiding sedimentation and facilitating maintenance of the headrace. (2) About claim 2 An intake water tapping machine is provided on the upstream side of the floor stopper "head construction", and the upstream side is 4 for the purpose of making a shallow water conduit in the stream core or the streak.
Part of it is made to protrude from the riverbed using concrete and natural stone at an angle close to 5 degrees, and the effects of water control and pools are used to promote water collection and sweeping. Similarly, the headrace wall is made of natural stone to project a part of the waterway to form a pool, artificially creating a change in the flow and approaching nature. Natural stones will be projected at the floor stop and tapping water, and the river bed will be supplemented by the headrace channel dug down from the bed. Pine piles are driven at regular intervals upstream of the water tapping work and downstream of the floor stop work, pine logs are connected to these piles, and the space is filled with coarse stones. As shown in the figure, natural stones are dammed at appropriate intervals as concave channels in the river cross section, and they are laid so that they approach the box-shaped stairs and the downstream becomes lower. For this reason, the entire surface of the riverbed will be rubbed with slopes of natural stone and coarse stone, and it will be close to nature from the landscape and space will be created in the coarse stone itself, it will be a rapid and the change in flow and the gap between stones will also be effective for fish nests As well as being able to do so, it is also safe from the viewpoint of flood control due to pine piles. (3) About claim 3 An intake water tapping device is provided on the upstream side of the floor stopper "drop work", and the upstream side of the headrace is collected with a water control at an angle close to 45 degrees for the purpose of surface water intake. The floor stop on the downstream side of the headrace is narrowed to about 1/2 of the width of the headrace, and the headrace and the floor stop are slid at an angle close to 45 degrees as in the upstream. When the head of the floor stop "Head" is relatively large, the entire cross section of the river bed is dammed at regular intervals, and the vertical section is divided equally so that there is a gentle slope between the floor "Stop" and the downstream floor stop. There is a stairway head, a box-shaped structure that can store running water, and it should be lower than the weir height at regular intervals in the cross-sectional direction so that it can overflow when the river water volume is normal. When the river flow increases, it overflows from the entire width of the river bed, and the slope of the floor stopper "drop construction" becomes a gentle slope and rectifies when it rains, and widening of the bed width can be avoided depending on the scale of the river. Compared with the traditional staircase-type fishway that was installed on the downstream side of the drop construction, the riverbed with the entire cross section of the riverbed has a water pool formed on the entire cross section of the river on the downstream side, and then the place where it overflows appropriately. It is easy to ascend from the nearest fish, and the fish is stored in the whole cross-section fishway even during the dry season, and boulders flowing down from the upstream accumulate in one place to form a good fish nest. The area that overflows from the landscape is projected in a rectangular shape to give consideration to the waterscape, and by embedding natural stones in the concrete structure, it becomes a facility that is in harmony with the nature of the region and the city and is safe from the viewpoint of flood control. Is.

[0006]

EXAMPLES Examples will be described with reference to the drawings.
Figure 1 shows the construction of a shallow water conduit by installing an intake water tapping work 2 upstream of the floor stop work “Slope work” 1 and the downstream floor stop work “Slope work”.
A part of 1 is cut out, both walls are made higher than the riverbed in parallel with the straight line in the flow direction, and a box-shaped staircase fishway is constructed in which partition walls are provided at regular intervals in the downstream direction. Even if a part of the partition wall 11 is cut out to be a little lower than the height of the water tapping work 2, the water for maintenance is overflowed to the downstream due to the water level.
Even when the water is drought, water can be stored in the box, and when the water is flooded, it overflows the entire riverbed and has a gentle slope. It is safe for flood control. Therefore, irrigation facilities and fishways are arranged in a straight line, and water is distributed at the water level in the same channel, giving priority to environmental protection and helping the upstream and downstream of fish and organisms, while also being flood control safe. Next, Fig. 2 shows that water intake tapping 2 is embedded in concrete on the upstream side of the floor stop "drop construction" 1 which is insulated from the revetment foundation 3 and natural stone is partly projected from the riverbed to make natural stone 45 degrees. It is arranged so that part of it projects from the riverbed at a close angle so that the effects of flood control and pools work. The walls of the headrace also project stones to form a pool and change the flow to help the fish run up. Upstream of intake water tapping machine 2 is C-
As shown in the cross section of the line C, the pine pile 16 and the pine log 17 are connected to each other, and the coarse stone 18 is settled between them to form a floor protector. The downstream side of the headrace is squeezed to about half the width of the headrace and rubbed at an angle close to 45 degrees to maintain the water level of the headrace, and a floor stop "drop head" 1
The downstream side of the river should be lower than the bottom of the headrace as shown in the vertical section of the river section DD line and BB line, and the range of the downstream floor stopper 8 should be covered with coarse stones 18 with a gentle slope. Floor work will be performed, and the area near the seawall will be protected by packing work. In rivers where drought is predicted, the downstream side of the headrace channel will be a concave channel, which will be dammed with stones at regular intervals to retain water, forming a box-shaped stage fishway that overflows in stages. In order to project natural stones from the riverbed, a headrace channel is provided below the riverbed to supplement the river volume. At the flat water level, the water level is always maintained in the headrace, surplus water overflows the entire cross section of the floor stop 1 and the downstream becomes a rapid as equal to the slope of the coarse stone 18, and the flow changes depending on the shape and unevenness of the stone. ,
It can be adapted to any fish species. During the dry season, a fishway will be installed on the straight line of the headrace, and water will be distributed to the water use facilities according to the depth of the canal. Floor protection using embedded stones and coarse stones using materials from rivers is more natural than the concrete structure and the landscape is superior, and the space becomes a nest environmentally. The change in the flow helps the retreat as a place of rest, and the stone scavenger promotes the dissolution of oxygen, breeds all living things and serves as fish feed, and becomes a river intake facility close to nature. The one shown in Fig. 3 is suitable for a place where there is a floor stop with a relatively large river scale and a large drop, and an intake facility is constructed upstream of the floor stop 1 by the water tapping work 2,
On the downstream side of the headrace, a part of the floor stop 1 for reducing the width of the headrace is cut out so that the surplus water is discharged and the water level of the headrace is maintained. Floor stop work "drop head work" 1 and downstream floor stop work 8 are B
-As shown in the longitudinal section by line B, weirs are set up at regular intervals to provide gentle slope drop construction, and the structure of the stairway fishway with a riverbed with a full-section cross section is provided. A part of is cut out to form an overflow shape. Compared to the traditional box-shaped staircase fishway method that was used for water hammering, it is possible to reduce water retention and head over the entire cross section of the river bed, and avoiding thirst for water hammering.
The feature is that it evenly flows under the downstream floor stopper.

[0007]

Since the present invention is constructed as described above, it has the following effects. When installing a river surface water intake facility using a floor stop construction "falling construction" in a river, it is required by the voices of the river administrator and the community to repair the river as it is. Need to bring back. This is a new social issue, and the three items of the invention can be selected according to the river conditions. (1) River floor stop work The structure that does not change the river bed width is possible by sliding the drop above the bottom of the headrace with gentle slope as river surface water intake using the "drop work". It has the effect of utilizing the action of the river in terms of water utilization. (2) Combining the fishways on the straight line of the headrace has the effect of distributing water according to the water level and maintenance water that protects the natural environment. (3) The combination of water intake facilities and fishways makes it kind to fish and waterside creatures, and is superior to natural stones and coarse stones. At the same time, it works in harmony with the natural scenery of the region and the city, and acts as a water intake facility. It is possible to take advantage of the fact that it can be used effectively and maintenance becomes easy, and a good environment can be left for the next generation.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a river surface water intake method in which the box-shaped staircase fishway according to claim 1 is combined.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line AA of the plan view of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of the plan view of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of a river surface water intake method in which the natural stone canal and the fishway of claim 2 are combined.

5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of the plan view of FIG.

6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of the plan view of FIG.

7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD of the plan view of FIG.

FIG. 8 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of the plan view of FIG.

FIG. 9 is a plan view of a river surface water intake method combining the riverbed full-section staircase fishway of claim 3;

10 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of the plan view of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Floor stop work “Slope work” 2 Water intake tap work “Including headrace” 3 Revetment foundation 4 Up-down stream corner drop 5 Surface water intake valve 6 Fishway 7 Space filling work 8 Downstream floor stop work 9 Upstream side protection work 10 Downstream side bed protection 11 Fishway notch 12 Intake well 13 Control stairs 14 Piping duct and pumping pipe 15 Pumping pump 16 Matsu pile 17 Matsumaru 18 Coarse stone

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. An intake water tapping device is provided on the upstream side of the floor stop to form a headrace, and a part of the floor stop is cut out to form a drop work more than the bottom depth of the headrace. For water tapping, the wall directly downstream of the water conduit is set as vertical walls on both sides, and partition walls are constructed at regular intervals in the flow direction to form slopes, and a staircase box is formed to retain water.
A river surface water intake method combined with a fishway that helps a fish run upstream by notching a part of the partition wall. 2. A floor stopper in which natural stones are embedded in concrete, and a water tapping work are similarly provided on the upstream side to form a headrace using natural stones to compensate for the protruding river bank and to project it. Taking advantage of the scavenging effect due to, the combination of pine piles and pine logs is used as a water tapping work downstream of the floor stop, and it is rubbed with coarse stones and rubbed with a gentle slope. Forming a river line, forming a staircase box-shaped puddle using natural stone in the concave groove, and changing the flow velocity by the unevenness of the stone on the headrace wall to help the run up of all fish species, coarse stone A multi-natural river surface water intake method that takes advantage of the gaps to make it kind to all fish and living creatures, and to approach nature as well as the landscape. 3. An intake water tapping device is provided on the upstream side of the floor stop to form a headrace, and a part of the floor stop is cut out to provide a head drop greater than the bottom depth of the headrace. The riverbed is parallel to the downstream side, and a stepwise concave is formed on the entire cross section of the riverbed, and a part of it is cut out to perform water retention and overflow to support fish upstream in a wide range of the entire cross section, and a river that is kind to all fish. Surface water intake method.