RU2255469C2 - Method for withdrawing lead out of poultry body - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: poultry science.

SUBSTANCE: one should daily introduce sodium selenite into chickens' diet at the quantity of 1.5 mg selenium/kg feedstuff. The method enables to decrease the content of lead in muscular tissue by 69.8-78.4%, in bones - by 74.4%.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of lead withdrawal.

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Description

The present invention relates to ecology, toxicology and animal husbandry and is intended for detoxification in chronic contamination of the body of a bird with heavy metals.

Lead toxicity is high even with a small intake of it. Reducing the negative effects of heavy metals, especially with chronic receipt of them with water, food and air, is a significant problem. The relevance of this issue is obvious, especially since there are no natural ways of self-cleaning the body from heavy metals.

In the prevention of toxic effects of lead, the leading role is given to drugs that can bind metals and remove them from the body. For this purpose, organic compounds in various combinations are often used. It is known that humic preparations (the content of humic acids 20-22%, 25-100 mg / kg) in combination with a peony root (1% of the diet) reduce the lead content in the body (Bokova TI The effect of various detoxicants on the residual lead content in organs and tissues of broiler chickens.Abstract on the scientific scholarly degree of candidate of biological sciences - Tomsk: 2000, - 21 pp.), but upset the mineral balance by linking other trace elements (for example, iron), often turn out to be contaminated with heavy metals (Khmelnitsky G.A. Veterinary toxicology. - M.: Agropromizdat, 1987, - p.15 1-154).

There are other ways to remove lead from animals. There is a method of antidote therapy in animals with heavy metal poisoning, in which complexon-D-penicylamine at 20 mg / kg body weight is recommended as an antidote (Zhulenko V.N., Kanyuka A.I. Antidotes for poisoning animals with compounds of heavy metals and arsenic. - Veterinary medicine. - 1992. - No. 6. - S.52-54). This method is quite effective, but it is acceptable only in the case of simultaneous intake of heavy metals and an antidote in the body. In addition, D-penicylamine interacts and removes trace elements from the body, which reduces the advantages of this method.

Currently, the search continues for new ways to detoxify the body with an excessive content of heavy metals. The proposed method solves the problem of reducing the accumulation of lead in chronic excessive intake of it into the body.

This problem is solved by determining the heavy metals in the tissues of the organs and bones of the bird against the background of lead intoxication and the use of detoxicants.

From the prototype method, in which a decrease in the content of heavy metals is offered by a humic preparation and a peony root, the claimed method differs in that sodium selenite is used as a detoxifier. The use of this substance allows to reduce the lead content by 30%.

Reducing the negative effects of heavy metals by the claimed method provides detoxification of bone and soft tissues, does not upset the balance of calcium, zinc and iron in the body. Selenium, being an essential trace element, is always present in the composition of the feed, and its presence in the diet is natural. In addition, its use is economically viable.

In order to find a way to remove lead and cadmium from the body of a bird, studies were carried out on broiler chickens. At the daily age, the control and 4 experimental groups of birds (P = 50) were formed by the principle of analogues.

All experimental groups were seeding with lead acetate in a dose of 1.5 MDU (4.5 mg of lead) per 1 kg of live weight, which corresponds to chronic intoxication. At the same time, sodium selenite was given in amounts of 0.5 MDU, 1 MDU, 1.5 MDU, and 2 MDU. 1 MDU of selenium = 1.0 mg of selenium per kg of feed. Premixes were prepared at the rate of 1% of the diet for each group.

After 50 days, samples of muscle and bone tissue were taken and the contents of lead, cadmium and selenium were determined. For ashing, we used the method of dry mineralization according to GOST in a muffle furnace at T = 450. Ash was dissolved in 0.1 n. nitric acid and measured the metal content by atomic absorption method on a Quantum-AFA device.

The results are presented in tables 1 and 2. Analyzing the data of table 1, it should be noted that the constant intake of lead into the body of the bird led to its increased content in the tissues. So, in the control group, the lead content in the muscles was 4.3-4.6 times higher than the minimum acceptable level.

Prescribing sodium selenite for 50 days reduces the concentration of heavy metal in the muscles. From the data of table 1 it is seen that the most effective use of a detoxifier in a concentration of 1.5 MDU. The reduction in lead content in “white” meat (pectoral muscles) in this group is maximum and amounts to 78.4%, in the thigh muscles - 69.8%. The least concentration of lead decreased in the group where 0.5 MDU of selenium was used. In the “white” muscles, it amounted to 64.2%, in the thigh - 24.3%.

According to table 2, it can be seen that the largest decrease in the lead content in the bones also occurred in the third group - by 74.4%. In the first group, the decrease was 44.4%, as in the case of muscles, this is the lowest result.

The data on the lead content in the muscle and bone tissue of chickens are the rationale for the use of 1% premix of sodium selenite to reduce the accumulation of metal in the body of the bird. The most effective sodium selenite concentration is 1.5 MDU / kg feed, which is 1.5 mg selenium / kg feed.

Table 1

The lead content in the muscle tissue of chickens, mg / kg *

The control
0.45 mg lead / kg feed 1 group
0.45 mg lead
0.5 mg selenium / kg feed 2 group
0.45 mg lead
1.0 mg selenium / kg feed 3 group
0.45 mg lead
1.5 mg selenium / kg feed 4 group
0.45 mg lead
2.0 mg selenium / kg feed "White meat 2.30 ± 0.11 1.06 ± 0.22 2.13 ± 0.30 0.64 ± 0.10 0.76 ± 0.11 Hip 2.35 ± 0.18 1.78 ± 0.1b 1.80 ± 0.16 0.71 ± 0.12 1.08 ± 0.13 * p≤0.01

table 2

The lead content in the bone tissue of chickens, mg / kg *

The control
0.45 mg
lead / kg feed 1 group
0.45 mg lead
0.5 mg selenium / kg feed 2 group
0.45 mg lead
1.0 mg selenium / kg feed 3 group
0.45 mg lead
1.5 mg selenium / kg feed 4 group
0.45 mg lead
2.0 mg selenium / kg feed 3.67 ± 0.78 2.40 ± 0.42 2.04 ± 0.39 0.94 ± 0.16 1.11 ± 0.22 * p≤0.01

Claims (1)

A method for removing lead from their body in poultry, including the introduction of special additives into the diet, characterized in that the chickens are fed daily with sodium selenite in an amount of 1.5 mg of selenium per kg of feed.