RU2254593C1 - Shipboard three-dimensional radar station and antenna arrangement for it - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: the invention refers to the field of radiolocation particularly to shipboard radar stations and may be used for detection of air and surface targets and target designation.

SUBSTANCE: the shipboard radar station has an antenna of the first channel, a multi channel rotating joint, an antenna switch of the first channel, an arrangement of protection of the receiver of the first channel, a super-high-frequency receiving arrangement of the first channel, a transmitting arrangement of the first channel, an arrangement of automatic adjusting of amplification of the first channel, a selector of moving targets, an arrangement of limitation and matched filtering, an arrangement of strobing of one-digit signals, an arrangement of blanking signals, an attenuator of the first channel, an arrangement of detecting and multiplication of signals, the first output of which is the output of the radar station, an arrangement of reflection of information and of control of regimes, an arrangement of processing of information, an arrangement of forming linear frequency modulated signals. At that an antenna of the second channel is introduced in it, an arrangement of drives and stabilization, an arrangement of drives control, the first arrangement of summation and division of frequency channels, a waveguide rotating joint, an arrangement of switching regimes "equivalent" - "antenna", the second arrangement of summation and division of frequency channels, an antenna switch of the second channel, an arrangement of protection of the receiver of the second channel, a super-high-frequency receiving arrangement of the second channel, a transmitting arrangement of the second channel, an arrangement of automatic adjusting of amplification of the second channel, an attenuator of the second channel. The antenna arrangement has a receiving-transmitting antenna installed on body with possibility of circle rotation in horizontal plate. At that the second receiving-transmitting antenna is introduced. It is working in the other sub-band of frequencies and installed jointly with the first on the body so that antenna radiated signals are directed in mutually antithetic direction. AT that driving arrangements are implemented for mechanical stabilization along rolling and pitching.

EFFECT: increases temps of renovation of information, high accuracy of measuring of the target coordinates and target designation with enhanced distance of detection including small size low flying targets.

5 cl,1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of radar, in particular to shipborne radar stations (radar). The proposed radar can be used for the detection of air and surface targets and the issuance of target designation.

Known ship radar (UK patent ¹2177566), in which to increase the number of pulses reflected from the target, it is proposed to emit two or more rays, spaced in the horizontal plane at an angle commensurate with the beam width. The disadvantage of this solution is that it does not lead to an increase in the rate of updating information.

The closest analogue (prototype) of the claimed invention is a naval three-coordinate radar of the United States Navy AN / SPS-48E [According to The Naval Institute Guide to World Naval Weapons Sistems 1997-1998]. AN / SPS-3-48E radar is a single-channel station operating in only one part of the frequency range. AN / SPS-48E radar provides an overview of the space in the vertical plane by scanning one or a group of beams during circular electromechanical rotation of the antenna in the horizontal plane. The antenna device is a waveguide slotted array. The stabilization of the beam pattern of the antenna along the side and keel rolls is carried out electronically. Depending on the mode of operation of the radar, the transmitting device generates high, medium or low radiated power in the corresponding rays. The main disadvantages of the AN / SPS-48E radar are the relatively low rate of updating information and the presence of interference dips when detecting targets flying at low elevation angles. These shortcomings can lead to reduced stability of tracking, reduced range and accuracy of target designation.

The aim of the invention is the creation of a radar station with an increased rate of updating information, high accuracy measurements of the coordinates of the target and the issuance of target designation, with an increased detection range, including small, low-flying targets. This goal is achieved by two-channel, in contrast to the prototype, construction of a radar, in which the radiation of sounding signals and the reception of signals reflected from the target are made by two independent channels. Both frequency channels are identical in construction and operate in two spaced sub-bands of the E-band frequencies with a common transceiver path. Each channel has a transceiver antenna, transmitting and receiving device of high-frequency signals. The independent operation of the radar in two spaced frequency sub-bands is ensured by the introduction of two summation and separation of frequency channels into its composition. The transceiver antennas of the radar channels are deployed relative to each other so that the signals emitted by them are directed in mutually opposite directions and are mounted on a common stable housing along with the antenna of the state recognition system. Full mechanical stabilization of the axis of rotation of the antennas of the radar channels and the state recognition system eliminates the influence of the qualities of the ship on the radar characteristics. High accuracy of target designation is achieved through the formation of radiation patterns with a low level of side lobes. The operation of the radar with two frequency channels eliminates deep interference dips when detecting air targets flying at low elevation angles, and doubles the speed of updating information.

The review of space is carried out by two radar channels by electronic scanning of rays in a vertical plane and mechanical rotation of the antennas in a horizontal plane. Scanning in the vertical plane is carried out by changing the frequency of the emitted signals according to special programs corresponding to the established operating modes. Scanning programs specify the sequence of the rays and types of probing signals. To realize the necessary energy potential and the required accuracy of range measurement, complex sounding signals with linear frequency modulation (LFM) are used. The control of the pulse duration, repetition rate, power and type of emitted signals, carried out by the device for displaying information and controlling modes, allows to optimize the distribution of emitted energy in space and to effectively use noise protection depending on the spatial location of the interference. To increase the efficiency of use in the radar, most of the operations for switching on, interaction of various devices, monitoring the health and troubleshooting, scanning management, choosing the type of signal and its processing method are automated. For the same purpose, depending on the task that the station is currently solving, various modes of viewing the space are applied — algorithms for moving rays, generating and processing signals. To carry out the adjustment of transceiving devices without emitting signals on the air, it is possible to disconnect the transmitting devices from the antennas and connect them to the "equivalent".

The main radar devices and their interaction are shown in the drawing.

The radar consists of the following devices in the order shown in the drawing:

1 - antenna of the first channel;

2 - antenna of the second channel;

3 - the first device for the summation and separation of frequency channels;

4 - aerial of state recognition;

5 - multi-channel rotating joint;

6 - waveguide swivel joint;

7 - device drives and stabilization;

8 - device switching modes "equivalent" - "antenna";

9 - a second device for the summation and separation of frequency channels;

10 - antenna switch of the first channel;

11 - device for automatically adjusting the gain of the first channel;

12 - selector of moving targets;

13 - device for automatically adjusting the gain of the second channel;

14-antenna switch of the second channel;

15 - protection device of the receiver of the first channel;

16 - transmitting device of the first channel;

17 - device restrictions and matched filtering;

18 - transmitting device of the second channel;

19 - protection device of the receiver of the second channel;

20 - a microwave receiver of the first channel;

21 - attenuator of the first channel;

22 - device gating single-valued signals;

23 - attenuator of the second channel;

24 - microwave receiver of the second channel;

25 - signal blanking device;

26 is a device for generating chirp signals;

27 - a device for displaying information and control modes;

28 - information processing device;

29 - a device for detecting and propagating signals;

30 - drive control device.

The antenna device is a body rotating horizontally and mechanically stabilized along the side and keel pitching, on which structurally similar antennas of the first 1 and second 2 radar channels are located, deployed by radiating surfaces in opposite directions, and an antenna of the state recognition system 4. In the drawing, the drive device and stabilization is shown in position 7.

Trigger signals are received from the display and mode control device 27 to the chirp signal generation device 26. The chirp signals generated in accordance with the specified viewing program are supplied to devices 20 and 24, consisting of a microwave receiver and local oscillator and a microwave signal generating device , then the signals are transmitted to the transmitting devices 16 and 18. The transmitting devices of the first and second frequency channels are identical in construction and are 3-stage amplification chains. The traveling wave lamp was used in the first cascade, and the amplitron was used in the second and third. Microwave signals are amplified in the amplification chain when high voltage pulses are applied to them from high-voltage modulators that are part of the transmitting device. In the absence of modulating pulses, the amplitron amplifiers of the second and third stages of the transmitter pass microwave signals with slight attenuation, which makes it possible to quickly control the radiated power.

The probing signals of the transmitting devices of the first and second channels pass through the switches 10 and 14, are summed up in the device 9, pass through the switch 8, the swivel joint 6, the swivel joint 5 and enter the antenna device, where after separation in the device 3 they go to antennas 1 and 2 Flat slotted waveguide-slot antennas 1 and 2 consist of waveguide lines with radiating slots on a narrow wall, which are connected to the waveguide power dividers that are part of the antennas, made in the form of sinusoidal waveguides using waveguide-coaxial directional couplers. Electronic scanning of the rays in the viewing areas by elevation is ensured by a discrete change in the carrier frequency of each channel. To carry out adjustment work without emitting signals on the air, it is possible to disconnect the transmitting devices from the antennas and connect them to the "equivalent" using device 8, which includes a switch and an "equivalent".

Radar signals reflected from targets are received by antennas 1 and 2, summed in device 3, pass through rotating joint 5, rotary joint 6, switch 8, device 9, switches 10 and 14 and devices 15 and 19, and are received at receiving devices 20 and 24. To convert the received signals to an intermediate frequency, the receiver uses the same local oscillator as in the converter, which transfers the spectrum of the intermediate frequency to microwave signals for transmission. From devices 20 and 24, the signal at the intermediate frequency enters devices 11 and 13, in which the gain is temporarily adjusted and the level of intrinsic noise and interference is automatically stabilized. Next, the signals enter the device 12, which compensates for passive interference and extracts signals from moving targets on the lower rays of the field of view, from the output of which the signals are fed to the input of the device 17 to combat broadband impulse noise and coordinated filtering of complex signals. The signals reflected from the targets in the upper rays of the field of view directly from the output of devices 11 and 13 are fed to the input of the device 17. Then, the signals are sent to the device for gating unambiguous signals 22 and signal blanking 25. To display the surface situation (lower rays of the field of view) in both of the channel, attenuators 21 and 23 are introduced, to which the signal is supplied from device 11 and then transmitted to devices 17 and 25. After that, the signals are transmitted to the device for detecting and propagating signals 29 and further to the information processing device 28 ns, and mode control information display device 27 and the station to other information consumers. The device 28 is an automated workstation of the operator of the initial input and tracking of targets. The structure of the display and control modes of the radar 27 includes a control panel and a display unit of information. Management modes of rotation and stabilization is carried out by the device 30.

Claims (5)

1. Ship three-coordinate radar station containing an antenna of the first channel [1], the input-output of which is connected to the input-output of a multi-channel rotating joint [5], an antenna switch of the first channel [10], the output of which is through the protective device of the receiver of the first channel [15] connected to the first input of the microwave receiver of the first channel [20], the first output of which is connected to the input of the transmitting device of the first channel [16], the output of which is connected to the input of the antenna switch of the first channel [10], and the second output of the microwave receiver of the first channel [20] is connected to the input of the automatic gain control device of the first channel [II], the first output of which is connected to the input of the moving target selector [12], connected in series with the limiting and matched filtering device [17], a gating device unambiguous signals [22] and a signal blanking device [25], the second input of which is connected to the output of the attenuator of the first channel [21], the second output of which is connected to the second input of the device restriction and matched filtering [17], the third input of which is connected to the second output of the automatic gain control device of the first channel [11], the third output of which is connected to the input of the attenuator of the first channel [21], while the output of the signal blanking device [25] is connected to the input signal detection and propagation devices [29], the first output of which is the output of a radar station, the second output is connected to the input of the information display and mode control device [27], and the third output is connected to the input m of an information processing device [28] connected in series with an information display and mode control device [27] and a linear frequency-modulated signal generating device [26], the first output of which is connected to a second input of a microwave receiver of the first channel [20], characterized the fact that the antenna of the second channel [2], the drive and stabilization device [7], the drive control device [30], the first summation and separation of frequency channels [3], the first input-output of which connected to the antenna of the first channel [I], the second input-output of which is connected to the antenna of the second channel [2], and the third input-output through a multi-channel rotating joint [5], the waveguide rotary joint [6] and the equivalent mode switching device - “antenna” [8] is connected to the first input-output of the second device for summing and separating frequency channels [9], the second input-output of which is connected to the input-output of the antenna switch of the first channel [10], and the third input-output is connected to the input -output of the second channel antenna switch and [14], the output of which is connected through the protective device of the receiver of the second channel [19] to the first input of the microwave receiver of the second channel [24], the first output of which is connected to the input of the transmitting device of the second channel [18], the output of which is connected to the input of the antenna switch of the second channel [14], and the second output of the microwave receiver of the second channel [24] is connected to the input of the automatic gain control device of the second channel [13], the first output of which is connected to the input of the moving selector I goals [12], the second output is connected to the fourth input of the limiting and matched filtering device [17], and the third output is connected to the input of the attenuator of the second channel [23], the first output of which is connected to the fifth input of the limiting and matched filtering [17], and the second output with the third input of the signal blanking device [25], while the second output of the device for generating linear-frequency-modulated signals [26] is connected to the second input of the microwave receiver of the second channel [24], and the second output is CTBA displaying information and operating modes [27] connected to the input drive control device, whose output is connected to input devices and actuators stabilization, which is mechanically connected to the waveguide rotary joint is rotatable and multi-joint. 2. The station according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmitting devices of the first and second radar channels are 3-stage amplification chains and a traveling wave lamp is used in the first stage, and amplitrons are used in the second and third. 3. The station according to claim 1, characterized in that the microwave receiving devices of the first and second radar channels consist of a microwave receiver, a local oscillator and a microwave signal generating device. 4. The station according to claim 1, characterized in that for the adjustment of the transceiver devices without emitting signals on the air, it is possible to disconnect the transmitting devices from the antennas and connect them to the "equivalent". 5. Antenna device for a ship’s three-coordinate radar station, comprising a transceiver antenna mounted on a hull with the possibility of circular rotation in the horizontal plane, characterized in that a second structurally similar transceiver antenna is introduced, operating in a different frequency band, mounted together with the first on the hull in this way that the signals emitted by the antennas are directed in a mutually opposite direction, while driving devices for mechanical stabilization along the side and keel pitch of the housing on which the antennas are mounted, and the antennas themselves are made in the form of N rulers of horizontally oriented waveguide-slot emitters, each of which is connected to the sinusoidal waveguide through a waveguide-coaxial directional coupler.