RU2254089C2 - Fixing member for performing osteosynthesis - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: device has flexible elastic wire bent in two and having sharp tip rods arranged in parallel to each other. Rod ends shear planes are produced on internal surfaces facing each other at equal angles relative to rod axis. Angle between two bisecting lines drawn between cut plane and internal surface of each rod does not exceed maximum permissible wire divergence angle in bone.

EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of surgical treatment; reduced risk of traumatic complications.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to medicine, namely to traumatology and orthopedics, and is intended for surgical treatment of patients with bone fractures, mainly of the neck of the femur or humerus.

Known fixing device for fractures of the femoral neck in children according to the copyright certificate No. 1593644 (MKI A 61 B 17/56), including two rods formed by bending the knitting needle, one of which is pointed for insertion into the bone and the other for attachment to a perforated plate above the bone additional plate with screw.

The disadvantage of this device is the lack of structural features that improve surgical treatment and reduce the risk of complications by reducing injury to body tissues and reducing the likelihood of device migration.

There is also a device for implementing the method of osteosynthesis of the femoral neck according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2062960 (MKI A 61 B 17/56. Author Old B.C.). According to this method, fixation is carried out by several fan-shaped spokes with pointed working ends and bent other ends, fastened after insertion into the bone with a common hat.

The disadvantage of this device is the lack of structural features that improve surgical treatment and reduce the risk of complications by reducing injury to body tissues and reducing the likelihood of device migration.

It is also known the device described in the method according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2152763 (A 61 B 17/56. Authors Old BC, Volna A.A. and Statsenko O.A.), including diverging pointed two ends made of double bent knitting needles.

The disadvantage of this device is the lack of structural features that improve surgical treatment and reduce the risk of complications by reducing injury to body tissues and reducing the likelihood of device migration.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed device is the device described in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2152763, which we take as a prototype, and its disadvantages are described above.

The technical result consists in improving the quality of surgical treatment and reducing complications by reducing injury to body tissues and reducing the likelihood of device migration.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the fixator for osteosynthesis consists of an elastic-elastic knitting needle bent in half with rods pointed at the working ends in parallel. In this case, the plane of cuts of the ends of the rods is made on their inner surfaces facing each other at an equal angle relative to the axis of the rods, while the angle between two bisectors made between the plane of the cut and the outer surface of each rod does not exceed the maximum allowable angle of divergence of the spokes in the bone.

In a preferred embodiment of the device, the distance between the parallel rods is not less than twice the thickness of the spokes.

The essence of the technical solution and a specific example of the device is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 shows the device, front view. Figure 2 is the same side view. Figure 3 is a detail of the device, a front view of the working ends. Figure 4 is a view of the device after insertion into the femur with a fracture of its neck. Figure 1-4 marked: 1 - the first rod of the device; 2 - the second rod of the device; 3 - the junction of the rods; 4 - the sharp end of the first rod; 5 - the sharp end of the second rod; 6 - oblique slice of the first rod; 7 - oblique slice of the second rod; 8 - bisector of the angle between the oblique plane of the slice 6 and the outer surface 10; 9 - bisector of the angle between the oblique plane of the slice 7 and the outer surface 11; 12 - femur; 13 - the head of the femur; 14 - a cortical portion of the bone between the holes of the entry of the rods into the bone.

They work like this. The distance between the centers of the ends of the parallel rods is determined and at this distance two channels are drilled into the bones for introducing the ends of the rods into them. Using the roentgenogram, the necessary angle of divergence of the ends of the rods in the head is determined and a device with such an angle of divergence of the bisectors 8 and 9 is selected on it. The rods are hammered into the bone, leaving a gap of two to three millimeters from the junction of 3 rods with the cortical surface of the bone. Due to the resistance of the spongy bone, oblique sections of the 6th and 7th rods, the elastic-elastic rods begin to bend, diverge, providing osteosynthesis.

The significance of the differences of the invented device is as follows. The implementation of the plane of the oblique cut of the working end of each rod on its inner surface facing another rod, creates resistance of the bone tissue to the cuts of the ends of the rods and ensures the introduction of the divergence of their ends in the bone. Slicing of both ends of the rods at the same angle relative to the axis of each rod contributes to the uniform divergence of the ends of the rods in the bone, while the rods in the rods and internal stress, contributing to a more reliable retention of rods from migration from the bone. Slicing at the ends of the rods so that the angle between the bisectors made between the plane of the cut and the outer surface of the rod does not exceed the maximum permissible angle of divergence of the ends of the rods in the bone, prevents the ends of the rods from leaving the head of the bone, providing an increase in the accuracy of the fixator installation.

In a preferred embodiment, the implementation of the device with a distance between parallel rods of at least twice the thickness of the spokes provides sufficient strength of the bone gap remaining between the holes into which the rods are inserted. The dimensions of the part of the retainer remaining above the cortical layer are small, which reduces the injury to body tissues and subsequently does not lead to significant connective tissue growths above it.

Thus, the claimed device in the aggregate of its features provides an increase in the quality of surgical treatment and reduction of complications by reducing the injury of body tissues and the likelihood of migration of the fixative, reducing the time of inpatient treatment and creating an economic effect.

The application of the invention is possible in pediatric and field surgery.

Claims (2)

1. The clamp for osteosynthesis, consisting of a bent in half, elastic knitting needles with parallel spaced sharpened at the working ends of the rods, characterized in that the plane of the cut ends of the rods made on facing each other of their surfaces at an equal angle relative to the axis of the rods, while the angle between two bisectors drawn between the plane of the cut and the outer surface of each rod does not exceed the maximum permissible angle of divergence of the spokes in the bone. 2. The clamp for osteosynthesis according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the parallel rods is not less than twice the diameter of the rod.

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