RU2253040C1 - Wind-heat generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used for heating and hot water supply of different buildings. Proposed wind-heat generator contains water heat accumulator, windmill, bevel gear train (transmission), mechanical heater in form of agitator with movable blades each pair of which is made to centrifugal governor scheme (Watt governor). Wind heat generator is furnished additionally with second bevel gear train (transmission) rotating in opposite direction relative to first bevel gear train, each train being provided with equal number of agitators with movable blades.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of utilization of wind energy in wider range of wind velocities, improved reliability of heat generator and reduced cost of thermal energy.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of power engineering and can be used for heating and hot water supply of small buildings and structures [1].

For heat supply of such facilities, boiler houses operating on solid, gaseous or liquid fuels are usually used as heat generators.

The main disadvantage of small-capacity boilers running on solid fuel is the unresolved problem of the automatic supply of fuel to the boiler and removal of slag from the boiler, and, as a result, the need to maintain additional special personnel during the operation of the boiler room.

Gaseous fuel boiler houses are easily automated, but their use is very limited due to the lack of natural gas sources - gas pipelines in the immediate vicinity of the boiler room. The use of liquefied gas for these purposes is not justified for economic reasons.

The main disadvantage of liquid fuel boiler houses is the high cost of oil products, the need to build special devices for storing and supplying fuel - fuel oil farms.

In connection with the aforementioned, recently, as electric heat generators of low power, electric-powered boilers — electrode water-heating boilers [2] - have become widely used.

The main advantage of such heat generators follows from the immeasurably wider prevalence of electric networks compared to gas networks, as well as from the very simple and reliable automation system of these boilers, which allows regulating their power from 100 to 25% without human intervention.

The main disadvantage of such technical solutions is the high cost of produced products - hot water, which is a consequence of the high cost of electric energy.

To reduce the cost of producing hot water, in parallel with existing external sources of electric energy, local wind power installations are used [3, 4].

Despite the fact that this wind power plant operates partially on free wind energy, the cited costs for generating a unit of energy of such plants are comparable with the costs similar to those of thermal power plants [3].

The foregoing follows not only from the instability of wind power, but also from the high capital costs of creating such stations, including a robust high mast, propeller, gearbox, generator, slip rings (current collectors), inverters, rectifiers, batteries, control units and automation. The need to use expensive sophisticated equipment, especially automation systems, is caused by variable wind strength. For example, an increase in wind from 2 to 6 m / s, i.e. three times, increases the potential for generating power by 27 times. However, the wind farm cannot fully realize these potential opportunities. Each element of it can work with maximum efficiency only at predetermined revolutions of the propeller.

At the same time, the analysis of energy consumption at many facilities, especially in housing and communal services, shows that energy consumption in the form of electricity is no more than 15% of the total demand. The bulk of energy is consumed in the form of heat for heating and hot water supply of buildings and structures. Appendix No. 2 to the decision on the grant of a patent for an invention by application No. 2003135742/06 (038355).

Known wind heat generator containing a water heat accumulator, a wind turbine, bevel gear (transmission), a mechanical heater in the form of a stirrer with movable blades, each pair of which is made according to the scheme of a centrifugal controller (Watt controller) (see RU, 2171913 C1, F 03 D 9 / 00, 08/10/2001) [4], based on the set of essential features adopted for the prototype of the invention.

The disadvantages of the wind generator are low efficiency (efficiency) and low reliability and efficiency. To eliminate these drawbacks, the heat generator is equipped with a second (additional) bevel gear rotating towards the first.

The gear ratios of both bevel gears are taken equal, therefore, in this case, each of the gears (transmissions) should be equipped with an equal number of mixers.

Such a heat generator allows the most complete use of the potential of wind energy by converting this energy directly into heat, bypassing the stage of converting wind energy into electricity, while significantly simplifying and reducing the cost of this device.

A mechanical heater, like the prototype, is proposed to be made in the form of an agitator - a container filled with a viscous liquid in which rotating blades are placed. When the stirrer blades rotate in a liquid, mechanical energy is expended to overcome the friction forces and, ultimately, turns into heat. This heat is used to heat the water circulating in the heating system and hot water supply.

In addition, the use of a mixer with variable radius blades operating on the principle of a centrifugal regulator (Watt regulator), with a mechanical drive from a wind turbine, makes it possible to use the kinetic energy of the wind to the fullest by stabilizing the speed of the propeller at different wind speeds, and also solve the problem of starting a wind turbine without any complex control systems and automation.

New in the claimed invention is the installation of an additional (second) bevel gear (transmission) rotating in the opposite direction with respect to the above (first) bevel gear and compensating for the torque generated by changing the direction of rotation (from horizontal to vertical) of the shaft wind turbine, when the bevel gear operation.

In this case, wind energy is converted directly into heat using a mechanical heater in the form of a mixer with blades rotating in different directions.

These new features are not identified from the existing level of technology, which allows us to conclude that the claimed invention meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The new features in the aggregate can significantly increase the efficiency of the wind power installation and at the same time simplify it, abandon expensive and unreliable elements: electric generators, inverters, rectifiers, batteries, electronic automation equipment.

The invention is illustrated by the following example of the device of the proposed wind generator (Fig. 1), which consists of a wind turbine 1 communicated by bevel gears (transmissions) 2 and 3 (second gear) and shafts 4 and 5 with a mechanical heater 6 filled with a viscous fluid, for example , with mineral gear oil 7. Inside heater 6, mounted on shafts of 4.5 transmissions, mixers 8 are located, each pair of blades 9 of which operates on the principle of steam engine speed regulators (Watt controller a). This design of the agitators 8 allows them to be used both for its intended purpose - to convert mechanical energy into heat, and to regulate the speed of the wind turbine 1 at different wind speeds. Each mixer 8 consists of movable blades 9, fixed 10 and movable 11 couplings. In addition, in the heater 8 is a tubular heat exchanger 12, communicated through pipelines 13 and 14 with a water battery 15, in the form of a thermally insulated container with water, and external heat supply networks 16 and 17.

Wind heat generator works as follows. Initial state: the propeller of the wind turbine 1 and the shafts 4 and 5 do not rotate, the blades 9 of the mixer 8 in the heater 6 are pressed against the shafts 4 and 5 under the weight of the movable couplings 11. The system has the least moment of inertia, the resistance of the gear oil 7 to the rotation of the blades 9 is zero. This initial state contributes to the unwinding of the propeller of the wind turbine 1 when exposed to wind. Upon reaching the specified speed of the propeller of the wind turbine 1, due to the action of centrifugal forces, the blades 9 and the movable clutch 11 rise up, the radius of rotation of the blades 9 will increase, increasing friction in the heater 6 and the conversion of mechanical energy into heat. Transmission oil 7 during rotation of the mixers 8 is heated and transfers thermal energy through a tubular heat exchanger 12 and a pipe 13 to water located in the thermal water accumulator 15, from which heated water flows through a pipe 16 to the heating and hot water supply system. Part of the water from the heat accumulator 15, due to gravitational forces, is returned to the tubular heat exchanger 12 through the pipe 14 for additional heating during the minimum drainage in the network.

Heated water, passing through external heating and hot water supply systems, is cooled and partially consumed in the consumer networks from which it is returned, with simultaneous recharge from the water supply, through pipeline 17, for re-heating. Then the cycle repeats.

When the wind speed increases above the calculated number of revolutions of the propeller of the wind turbine 1 and the associated shafts 4 and 5, as well as the mixers 8 increases, and at the same time the centrifugal force acting on the blades 9 of the mixers 8 increases. Under the influence of this force, the blades 9 of the mixers 8 move further from shafts 4 and 5, increasing the radius and linear speed of rotation of the blades 9. At the same time, the resistance of the gear oil 7 in the heater 6 increases sharply (squared from the speed), which slows down the rotation of the propeller of the wind turbine 1, reducing its speed Comrade. When the wind speed decreases, the reverse process occurs: the centrifugal force acting on the blades 9 decreases, under its own weight (or using special springs, which are not shown in the drawing), the blades 9 and the movable couplings 11 move downward, while the blades 9 move closer to the shafts 4 and 5, the radius of rotation and their linear speed decreases, while reducing the resistance of the gear oil 7 to the rotation of the blades 9 of the mixer 8, as a result of which the number of revolutions of the propeller of the wind turbine 1 increases to the nominal value i.

In the process of operation of the claimed wind-driven heat generator, the torques arising during the operation of bevel gears 2 and 3 (each of which tends to deflect the horizontal shaft and the propeller of the wind turbine 1 from the wind direction), acting on the horizontal shaft at the same time in opposite directions, cancel each other out, resulting in of which the total torque of the forces is zero, and the wind turbine 1, like the wind and heat generator as a whole, uses the wind potential with the greatest effect.

The use of the claimed heat generator will dramatically reduce capital and operating costs in obtaining heat energy, which is very important for remote areas of our country, for example, the Far North, the fuel supply of which is a big problem.

List of sources:

1. Arseniev G.V. et al. Thermal equipment and heating networks. M .: Energoatomizdat, 1988, 400 p.

2. Roddatis K.F., Poltaretsky A.N. Handbook of low-capacity boiler plants. M .: Energoatomizdat, 1989, 488 p.

3. Revell P., Revell C. The environment of our habitat. Energy problems of mankind. M .: Mir, 1995, 291 p.

4. RF patent No. 2171913, 2000, IPC 7 F 03 D 9/00 - prototype.

Claims (1)

A wind heat generator containing a water heat accumulator, a wind turbine, a bevel gear (transmission), a mechanical heater in the form of a stirrer with movable blades, each pair of which is made according to the scheme of a centrifugal regulator (Watt regulator), characterized in that it is equipped with an additional (second) bevel gear (transmission) rotating in the opposite direction with respect to the above (first) bevel gear (transmission), each of the gears (transmissions) provided equal number of stirrers with movable blades.