RU2250298C2 - Method of conveyance of young fish into fish outlet and fish-and-trash device for implementing the method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic engineering; fish protective facilities.

SUBSTANCE: invention is designed to draw off young fish from zone of influence of water diversion front. Method comes to ejecting young fish into intake part of ejecting plant from section of pond with higher concentration of young fish, creating active ejecting working stream in mixing chamber by entraining volume of water containing young fish into stream created by central ejecting hydraulic jet and further conveyance of water-fish mixture along pressure conduit into fish outlet. At the last stage of conveyance young fish is transported into fish outlet under no pressure conditions by forming hydraulic jet angle to trough of fish outlet, young fish being dropped on surface of fish outlet stream. Invention provides effective conditions for drawing off young fish into fish outlet and reduces damage to young fish. If working ejecting stream is preliminarily saturated with atmospheric air, its outer borders are saturated with air in form of finest microbubbles which form boundary layer ("air cushion") at contact with which young fish do not suffer from discomfort and easily take up hydrodynamic pressure built in mixing chamber. Moreover, provision of boundary layer saturated with microbubbles of air makes it possible to considerably reduce value of friction coupling of two streams, main getting from working nozzle and ejecting, containing young fish.

EFFECT: provision of good conditions for letting out young fish into fish outlet, reduced damage of young fish.

7 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, in particular to fish protection devices and structures arranged as part of water intake structures, and is intended to divert juvenile fish outside the zone of influence of the water intake front.

A known method of removal of juvenile fish, consisting in raising the juvenile fish with an air-lift airlift torch in the upstream fish removal chamber [1].

The disadvantage of this method is the low efficiency of the tap due to the low efficiency of airlift.

A known method of removing juvenile fish, consisting in transporting juvenile fish through an intake pipe equipped with a mixer, into which atmospheric air is supplied [2].

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of the system to start the installation in the operating mode, as well as the low efficiency of airlift for lifting juvenile fish.

The closest in technological scheme and essence is the method consisting in ejecting juvenile fish into the inlet of the ejector installation from a section of a reservoir with a high concentration of juvenile fish, creating an active ejecting working stream in the mixing chamber by involving the volume of water containing fish juvenile in the stream, created by the central ejecting hydraulic stream, and the further transportation of the water-fish mixture through the pressure pipe to the fish outlet [3].

The disadvantage of this method is the high likelihood of injury to the juvenile fish, as it is transported to the fish drain through a pressure head conduit.

A device [1] is known for diverting juvenile fish to a fish outlet, including an inlet tray connected to an inlet line terminating in a lifting shaft, at the bottom of which a nozzle for distributing compressed air and an outlet tray is installed.

The disadvantage of this device is the complexity of the system of the main and additional equipment designed for the removal of juvenile fish, as well as a small lifting height (20-30 cm).

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a device for the removal of juvenile fish, including an ejector unit with a central inlet, consisting of an inlet part, a mixing chamber and a pressure conduit, installed in the place of the reservoir with an increased concentration of juvenile fish, while the inlet part of the installation communicates with a reservoir and a mixing chamber, and the outlet of the pressure head conduit with a fish outlet [3].

The disadvantage of this device is the high likelihood of injury to juvenile fish, since juveniles are diverted to the fish drain through a pressure conduit.

The aim of the invention is the creation of effective conditions for the removal of juvenile fish in fish drainage.

The invention consists in the following.

According to claim 1 of the claims. The transportation of juveniles at the last stage by means of a hydraulic jet formed in the air and oriented at an acute angle to the fish removal tray (Fig. 4), allows to reduce injury to juvenile fish. Indeed, the formation of a pressureless jet allows you to translate juvenile fish to a lifting height of 2.0 to 3.0 m, which is very important for fish protection structures and devices. In addition, when it enters the fish drain, the fish is discharged to the surface of the watercourse and then diverted back through the fish channel to the reservoir.

According to claim 2 of the claims. An embodiment of the method in the case of preliminary saturation of the body of the working ejection hydraulic jet with atmospheric air allows the creation of favorable conditions in the mixing chamber. The jet, passing through an additional mixing chamber, ejects air from the atmosphere and its outer boundaries are saturated with air in the form of tiny micro bubbles, which form a boundary layer (“air cushion”), upon contact with which the young fish do not experience sharp discomfort and better perceive the hydrodynamic pressure created by in the mixing chamber. In addition, the presence of a boundary layer saturated with air microbubbles can significantly reduce the friction-cohesion between two flows - the main one coming from the working nozzle and ejected one containing fish juveniles.

According to claim 3 of the claims. The implementation of the ejector installation vertically and coaxially to the circulation basin, made in the form of a cylindrical well, as well as the execution of the annular tray of the fish drain located in the upper part of the well coaxially to the well and the pressure pipe of the ejector installation, allows the fish to be transported to the fish drain effectively.

The implementation of the inlets in the form of slotted fish receiving holes located at diametrically opposite ends of the box, allows you to effectively suck in the young fish, concentrated in the well.

For rotation of the box and the jet forming nozzle, a drive is provided in the form of two nozzles located on the box, asymmetrically relative to the slotted water inlet openings.

The implementation of the upper edge of the well in the form of an inclined plane allows you to effectively spread the hydraulic stream transporting the juvenile fish to the fish drain.

The execution of the jet forming nozzle at an angle to the axis of the pressure conduit and to the upper edge of the well fully meets the effective conditions for the transport of juvenile fish.

According to claims 4 and 5 of the claims. The implementation of slotted fish receiving holes in the surface horizon or in the bottom part of the well are options for installing the inlet holes of the ejector installation. The installation option depends on the concentration conditions of juvenile fish in the well.

According to claim 6, claims. The implementation of slotted fish receiving holes along the helical generatrix (Fig. 7) allows more even selection of fish fry, regardless of the concentration horizon of fish fry.

According to claim 7 of the claims. Providing the central working nozzle with an additional mixing chamber, coaxially located relative to the nozzle, allows the working jet to be saturated with air, at the stage before it enters the main mixing chamber. In this case, the outer boundary of the stream is saturated with microbubbles of air, which form a boundary layer that protects the young fish from injuring the young fish when it comes into contact with the high-speed part of the hydraulic stream.

In general, technological operations and design features of both the main points of the invention and the additional points meet the criterion of "significant differences" and are so interconnected that they form a single creative concept, allowing us to state the fact of the presence of a new method and device that implements it.

The solution to this problem is achieved by implementing a new method for transporting juvenile fish to fish hatchery and creating a new design of a device for fish hatchery. Graphic material illustrating the proposed design is presented in the following figures:

figure 1 - fish protection structure, which includes the proposed fish and fish removal device, plan;

figure 2 - design of the circulation pool, plan;

figure 3 - fish removal device, cross section, an embodiment of slotted fish receiving holes in the surface horizon;

figure 4 - fish and fish removal device, the operation of transporting juvenile fish to the fish;

5 is a fish and fish removal device, a cross section, an embodiment of slotted fish receiving holes in the bottom of the well;

6 is a fish and fish removal device, an option with an additional mixing chamber, the removal of juvenile fish in a water-air mixture;

7 is a fish and fish removal device, an embodiment of slotted fish receiving holes along a helical line.

Fish-and-fish drainage device includes an ejector unit 1 with a central inlet, consisting of an inlet part 2, a mixing chamber 3 and a pressure conduit 4, installed in the place of a reservoir with a high concentration of juvenile fish (for example, a circulation pool), while the inlet part 2 of installation 1 communicates with the reservoir and a mixing chamber 3, and the outlet part of the pressure pipe 4 with a fish outlet 5. The device is equipped with a water intake well 6 and a fish outlet 5, while the ejector unit 1 is installed vertically and coaxially with the fish receiving part a tank made in the form of a well 6 of a cylindrical shape, and the outlet head of the pressure conduit 4 is oriented upward in the direction of the fish outlet 5 and is equipped with a jet forming nozzle 7 made at an acute angle to the pressure conduit 4, and the inlet part 2 of the ejector installation 1 is made in the form of a box 8, coaxially mounted with a pressure conduit 4, and having two slotted fish receiving holes 9 located horizontally in diametrically opposite end parts of the box 8, which can rotate around a vertical axis, the jet thrust generated by nozzles 10 connected to the pressure line of the ejector and made asymmetrically with slotted fish receiving holes 9, while the upper edge 11 of the well 6 is made inclined towards the fish branch 5 located at the level of the upper edge 11 and made in the form of a ring-shaped tray, coaxially well 6 and the axis of the ejector installation 1.

In addition, slotted fish receiving holes 9 can be located in the surface horizon.

In addition, slotted fish receiving holes 9 can be located in the bottom of the well 6.

In addition, slotted fish receiving holes 9 can be made on the helical generatrix 12.

In addition, the central working nozzle 17 of the ejector unit 1 can be equipped with an additional mixing chamber 18, made coaxially with the nozzle 17 and connected to the atmosphere by the supply duct 19.

To supply the flow of water to the nozzles 10, which perform the function of the drive of the device, they are communicated by the supply channels 13 with the pressure line of the pump. The dispensing hole 14, made in the pressure line, allows you to feed the supply channels 13 and create a hydraulic stream in the nozzles 10.

Bearings 15 provide normal rotation of the ducts 8 and the pressure pipe 4 with the jet nozzle 7.

Suction holes 16 provide suction of juvenile fish from the inlet part 2 and slotted fish receiving holes 9.

The fish protection structure, which includes the proposed fish and fish removal device, includes a vertical mesh web 20, installed at an angle to the flow of the supply channel 21, and a water intake channel 22. At the end of the mesh web 20, there is a circulation pool 23 intended for the concentration of juvenile fish with its subsequent tap to fish tap 5.

Fish drain 5 is connected to the fish drain channel 24, transporting juveniles outside the zone of influence of the water intake front. The nozzle 17 is powered from the pump by means of a supply pipe 25.

The well 6 in its upper part is provided with an inclined section 26.

A method of transporting juvenile fish to fish hatchery is as follows.

Young fish removed from the mesh web 20, due to the component of the velocity vector of the supply channel 21 and the presence of a hydraulic slope, enters the circulation pool 23 (Fig. 1), made in the form of a water intake well 6, of a cylindrical shape, where it is concentrated. To divert it to the fish outlet 5, an ejector unit 1 is used, which captures the fry of the fish by slotted fish-receiving openings 9 and transports it through the pressure conduit 4. At the last stage of transportation, the fry of the fish is transferred to the fish outlet 5 in a non-pressure mode (Fig. 4), by forming a hydraulic jet at an angle to the axis of the pressure conduit 4 and to the upper edge 11 of the well 6, and then discharged to the water surface of the annular tray of the fish outlet 5, from where it is discharged to a safe place along the fish outlet channel 24.

To increase the efficiency of removal of juvenile fish through the pressure conduit 4 and the mixing chamber 3, the nozzle 17 of the ejector unit 1 is equipped with an additional mixing chamber 18, connected by the duct 19 to the atmosphere. During the passage of the working stream of the additional mixing chamber 18, the external boundaries of the hydraulic stream are intensely saturated with air from the atmosphere, due to the ejection ability of the working stream and the displacement of the plane of the outlet of the additional mixing chamber 18 relative to the plane of the outlet of the nozzle 17. As a result, the optimal hydraulic conditions that reduce the likelihood of injury to juvenile fish when it comes into contact with the high-speed part of the main ejection stream. In addition, after the main mixing chamber 3, a water-air flow is formed in the pressure conduit 4, which also helps to reduce trauma to the juvenile fish with the surface of the inner walls of the conduit 4.

Fish bait device operates as follows.

The young fish removed from the mesh web 20 enters the circulation pool 23, where it is concentrated and does not have the possibility of re-entering the mesh web 20. The young fish are removed to the fish outlet 5 by ejection installation 1 by means of the gradual capture of the young by slotted fish receiving holes 9 made on the opposite the end parts of the box 8. Due to the presence of nozzles 10 mounted asymmetrically with slotted fish receiving holes 9, a pressure pipe 4 with a jet-forming nozzle 7 and a box 8 with holes 9 constantly rotates at a given speed, which is also facilitated by bearings 15. At the last, final stage, juvenile fish are transported in a non-pressure mode, transferred by a hydraulic stream to the annular tray of fish branch 5 (Fig. 4). The compact part of the hydraulic stream allows you to hold the attracted young fish in your body and transport it through the air to the fish drain tray 5. From the annular tray 5, which has a symmetrical slope of the bottom towards the fish drain channel 24, the young fish is transferred to a safe place outside the zone of influence of the water intake front, with using channel 24.

Possible options (figure 3 and 5) perform slotted fish receiving holes 9, made at different altitudes of the depth of the well 6.

To increase the capture efficiency of juvenile fish along the depth of the well 6, slotted fish receiving holes 9 can be made along a helical line (Fig. 7).

The layout, significantly increasing the efficiency of removal of juvenile fish, is shown in Fig.6. This option allows to reduce the injury to the juvenile fish in contact with a high-speed section of the hydraulic stream created by the nozzle 17 of the ejector. The presence of an additional mixing chamber 18, communicated by the air supply pipe 19 with the atmosphere, allows at the preliminary stage, to the mixing chamber 3, to saturate the working stream with air. In this case, the outer boundary of the jet along the perimeter is intensely saturated with microbubbles that form the boundary layer, which reduces the coefficient of friction-adhesion, upon contact of the main and ejected flows, and also reduces the percentage of injury to young fish. In addition, this layout of the ejector installation has a higher efficiency compared to analogues working only with a water stream.

The present invention allows to significantly increase the efficiency of removal of juvenile fish, while the lifting height is significantly increased.

Sources of information

1. Fish protection facilities and devices. P.A. Mikheev. M .: Publishing house “Roma”, 2000. p. 295, fig. 8.8

2. A.S. USSR No. 1122772 (USSR). IPC E 02 B 8/08, 9/04. Fish lift. Authors: K.I. Lysov and P.K. Lysov. Publ. 11/07/84 B.I. No. 41, 1984.

3. Fish protection facilities and devices. P.A. Mikheev. M .: Publishing house “Roma”, 2000. p. 288, fig. 8.2 a, b.

Claims (7)

1. A method of transporting juvenile fish to the fish outlet, which consists in ejecting the juvenile fish into the inlet of the ejector installation from the site of the reservoir with a high concentration of juvenile fish, creating an active ejecting working stream in the mixing chamber by involving the volume of water containing the young fish in the stream created by the central ejected by a hydraulic stream, and further transportation of the water-fish mixture through the pressure pipe to the fish outlet, characterized in that at the last stage of transportation the young fish lead into the fish drain in a pressureless mode by forming a hydraulic jet at an angle to the fish drain tray and dump it onto the surface of the fish drain. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the body of the working ejection hydraulic stream is pre-saturated with atmospheric air before the working flow enters the mixing chamber. 3. A fish-and-fish drainage device of a fish protection structure, including an ejector installation with a central inlet, consisting of an inlet part, a mixing chamber and a discharge conduit, installed in the place of a reservoir with a high concentration of juvenile fish, while the inlet part of the installation communicates with a reservoir and a mixing chamber, and the outlet part pressure water conduit - with a fish outlet, characterized in that it is equipped with a water intake well, while the ejector installation is installed vertically and coaxially with the fish receiving part of the reservoir made in the form of a well of cylindrical shape, with the outlet head of the pressure conduit oriented upward in the direction of the fish outlet and equipped with a jet forming nozzle made at an acute angle to the pressure conduit, and the inlet part of the ejector installation is made in the form of a box mounted coaxially with the pressure conduit and having two slotted fish receiving holes located horizontally in diametrically opposite end parts of the duct, which can rotate around a vertical axis by means of jet thrust, creating Avaed nozzles connected to the pressure line of the ejector and made asymmetrically slotted fish receiving holes, while the upper edge of the well is made inclined towards the fish branch located at the level of the upper edge and made in the form of a ring-shaped tray coaxial with the well and the axis of the ejector installation. 4. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that the slotted fish receiving holes are located in the surface horizon. 5. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that the slotted fish receiving holes are located in the bottom of the well. 6. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that the slotted fish receiving holes are made along the helical generatrix. 7. The device according to any one of paragraphs. 3-6, characterized in that the Central working nozzle of the ejector installation is equipped with an additional mixing chamber, made coaxially with the nozzle and communicated with the supply duct to the atmosphere.

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