RU2248316C2 - Big-volume coolable container - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: large containers having means for heating, cooling, aerating or other conditioning of contents.

SUBSTANCE: container has body with side and end walls, roof, floor and doors made of sandwich panels. Sandwich panels have circulation channels for cooling air. Container comprises cooling device including air cooler, air distribution system, automated control and monitoring system. Air distribution system has four fans with DC motors. Load receiving chamber is divided into A, B, C and D zones connected with corresponding air cooler chambers defined by three thin-walled partitions. Partitions are installed in upper and lower air cooler parts. Circulation channels are defined by profile and valves secured in lower parts of T-shaped members shoulders. Circulation channels of side wall panels and doors are formed by vertical corrugations of container lining embedded in heat-insulation layer and by valves secured to corrugations. Circulation channels of container roof are defined by roof panel and valves having C-shaped profiles. Material of layers, valve sizes and positions in side walls, doors, floor and roof are selected so that valves open under temperature exceeding -5^oC.

EFFECT: increased accuracy of predetermined air temperature maintenance inside load receiving chamber, possibility of smooth air regulation inside the chamber and free access for sanitary container treatment without the use of special means.

4 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The invention relates to refrigerated containers for transportation (storage) of perishable goods, including low resistance, requiring maintaining the temperature with high accuracy.

The inventive large-capacity container includes a thermally insulated body and a cooling device equipped with an air distribution system in the areas of the cargo room. The case consists of sandwich panels of the side walls, floor, roof, end wall and doors having channels for cooling air circulation. The channels of the panels for air circulation are made interconnected by means of upper and lower air flow guides. The air distribution system, mounted in a standard cooling device, includes fans with electric motors and an automatic control and monitoring system consisting of a control unit and temperature sensors.

Known panel cooling system (brine system with sheet-tube panels), which allows you to create a more uniform temperature field and reduce shrinkage of transported goods. The panel shielding system includes panels located at some distance from the internal surfaces of the decks and bulkheads of the hold. Pipes are built into the panel through which coolant (brine) circulates.

These systems are especially effective for low-temperature storage and transportation of frozen goods.

With ideal “panneling” (shielding), heat penetrates into the hold through the annular rib in the part where the temperature of the panel sheet is higher than the temperature in the hold, accounting for only 1-3% of external heat inflows; the main part of the external heat gain is intercepted by the outer surface of the panel. In this case (and the absence of internal heat dissipation), the inner surface of the panels receives heat from the air enclosed between the sheets of the panels and the inner surfaces of the decks and bulkheads, and the temperature pressure between the air in the hold and the brine decreases to 0.5-1.0 ° C. This allows you to significantly increase the boiling point of the refrigerant in the evaporator and reduce the power consumed by the compressor [1].

It is also known vegetable storage with dynamic thermal insulation, equipped to reduce heat inflows, which in some cases significantly (up to 2 times) exceed the heat dissipation from the product, an active ventilation system with a floor duct and an air gap. The air gap is in the space formed by sections with the product and the external fencing [2].

Closest to the invention is a heavy-duty refrigerator container with a front wall, doors, side doors, a T-shaped panel and a floor forming a cargo room, in which a floor slab having a sandwich structure is provided with channels washed by cooling air made of T-shaped profile or hollow profiles and located on the upper skin of the floor plate (application No. 19649871.6, Germany, CL 65 D 90/02, 1996) [3].

A common disadvantage of the known devices is the inability to adjust the temperature in the zones of the cargo room to smooth out the unevenness of the temperature fields of the air and the internal surfaces of the walls.

A disadvantage of the design of the known devices is also the lack of smooth regulation of the fan performance, which is necessary to maintain the required air parameters with high accuracy and save energy.

The problem of lowering the quality of perishable cargo in standard refrigerated containers exists due to local deviations of the air temperature and the internal surfaces of the walls that come into contact with the cargo from the specified values. The causes of local temperature deviations may be a violation of the quality of thermal insulation in some areas of the sandwich panels, insufficiently intense removal of biological heat generated by fruits and vegetables in areas with low speed of circulating air, as well as improper packing. In addition, the quality of transported unpackaged perishable goods is significantly reduced due to drying of the product at a high speed of circulating air in the cargo room.

The purpose of the invention is the improvement of the refrigerated container to ensure high accuracy of the specified temperature of the air and wall surfaces inside the cargo room, regardless of the presence of overheating (overcooling) of the inner skin sections due to exposure to solar radiation and heat and mass transfer with the ambient air or minor damage (deterioration) in thermal insulation, reduced requirements for the accuracy of the implementation of schemes for stacking cargo stacks. In addition, the aim of the invention is to solve the problem of smoothly adjusting the air supply to the cargo room, including in certain areas, as well as providing free access for sanitary treatment of the container to the surfaces and cavities of the cargo room without the use of special devices.

The objectives of the invention are achieved by introducing into the container an air distribution system, which includes an automatic control and monitoring system, consisting of a control and control unit, as well as temperature sensors. The automatic control and monitoring system allows you to control the temperature of the inner and outer sheathing of the side walls and doors, the temperature of the air in the cargo room and control the supply of cooling air to the cargo room to maintain with high accuracy the set temperature of the air and wall surfaces inside the container, regardless of the presence of influences on the container external factors. In addition, an automatic control and monitoring system that monitors the temperature of the internal and external cladding with the help of sensors makes it possible to determine the state of thermal insulation of walls and doors with the identification of the exact location of areas with insufficient thermal conductivity (established by ISO standards), as well as violation of door compaction in the areas, which gives the ability to receive a documented report when preparing a container for a flight. The results of the documented report allow us to determine the suitability of the container body for further operation or the need to eliminate identified shortcomings, which simplifies maintenance. Introduction to the air distribution system of the circulation channels of the side walls, doors and floors, equipped with valves, in addition to the possibility of free access to the surfaces and cavities of the cargo room for sanitary processing of the container and weakening the requirements for the accuracy of loading schemes, reduces shrinkage of the cargo.

The drawings of the invention depict:

Figure 1 - container body, front view, longitudinal vertical section;

Figure 2 - container body, horizontal view, longitudinal horizontal section;

Figure 3 - container body in the area of the cooling device, a transverse vertical section;

Figure 4 is a fragment of the upper part of the container body, a transverse vertical section;

5 is a fragment of the lower part of the container body, a transverse vertical section;

6 is a fragment of the upper part of the container body in the door area, a longitudinal vertical section;

7 is a fragment of the lower part of the container body in the door area, a longitudinal vertical section;

Fig is a fragment of the lower part of the container body in the area of the cooling device, a longitudinal horizontal section;

Fig.9 is a fragment of the upper part of the container body in the area of the cooling device, a longitudinal vertical section;

Figure 10 is a fragment of a side wall panel, a longitudinal horizontal section;

11 is a view of the lower fitting in the area of the doors, a longitudinal horizontal section.

The sandwich panels of the side walls 4, the end wall 7, the floor 5, the roof 6 and the doors 8 form the container body 1. The sandwich panels of the side walls 4 and the doors 8 have channels for air circulation 10, and the floor panels 5 and the roof 6 have channels 11 and 9, respectively.

The side walls 4 and doors 8 in the area of adjacency to the floor 5 are equipped with lower guides 12, and in the area of adjacency to the roof 6 - upper guides 13, made to connect the circulation channels of the floor 11 with the channels of the side walls and doors 10 and, accordingly, the channels side walls and doors 10 with roof channels 9, eliminating the flow of air into the cargo room 22.

The lower and upper air flow guides 12 and 13 are made in the form of panels with tubular cavities 16 of optimal aerodynamic geometry to reduce hydraulic losses during rotation of the air stream and a more uniform distribution of air along the length of the side walls 4.

The cooling device 2, built into the end wall 7, is equipped with an air distribution system, including four fans 3 with DC motors (not shown in the drawings) and an automatic control and monitoring system (also not shown in the drawings) connected to temperature sensors 21. Introduction to the composition the air distribution system of DC motors allows you to realize smooth control of the air supply and reduce the energy consumption of the container. The cargo room is divided into zones A, B, C and D through the organization of an independent supply of cooling air in the four zones a, b, c and d of the channels of the floor 11 connected to the corresponding zones of the cargo room 22. Each zone of the container A, B, C and D for monitoring the temperature of the inner lining 14 is equipped with at least four temperature sensors 21, which are located in the upper and lower parts of the side walls 4 and the doors 8 between the channels 10 on the stampings 25 of the inner lining 14, facing the cargo room 22. In addition, at least six those temperature sensors 21, monitoring the temperature of the air in the channels 10, as well as the temperature of the outer skin of the container 24, are placed inside the upper and lower guides 13 and 12 in the zone of the air flow and on the surface of the outer skin of the container 24, facing the thermal insulation 20, forming the upper and lower " temperature control perimeters. " The air cooler 26 of the cooling device 2 is divided into four compartments 29 by three thin-walled partitions 27 installed in its upper and lower parts. Each compartment 29, equipped at the bottom with a temperature sensor (sensors are not shown in the drawings), is designed to cool the corresponding zone A, B, C or D. The circulation channels of the floor 11 are formed by a T-shaped profile 28 with a height of not more than 68 mm and valves 17, fixed on the bottom of the shelves of the T-shaped element. The channels 10 of the panels of the side walls 4 and the doors 8 are formed by vertically arranged corrugations 18 of the inner skin 14, recessed into the heat insulation 20 by no more than 18 mm, and by valves 17 attached to the corrugations 18. The punching of the corrugations 19 is recessed into the heat insulation 20 by no more than 6 mm The roof channel 9 is formed by the roof panel 6 and the valves 17, made in the form of a C-shaped profile, mounted on the side of the mesh fence 30 facing the roof panel 6.

The number of circulation channels 10 per unit length of the side walls 4 and doors 8 is optimally selected to reduce the heat flux penetrating into the cargo room 22 through insulation 20. Valves 17 of the side walls 4, doors 8 and floor 5, made in the form of a C-shaped profile, are designed to regulate the flow of air into the cargo space 22. The thickness of the valves 17 of the floor 5, the side walls 4 and the doors 8 in the area of the cooling device 2 is increased to exclude the flow of air flow in a “short cycle” in this area of the cargo space 22. Cl Apans 17 are made of two layers of plastics with different coefficients of linear expansion. The material of the layers, the geometric dimensions and the location of the valves 17 on the corrugations are selected so that at temperatures above -5 ° C, the valves 17 open.

The introduction of the inner seal of the door 32 in the container structure allows you to prevent local temperature violations in the area of the door 8 and significantly reduce the flow of infiltration air into the cargo room 22 by directing the flow of circulating air from the floor channels 11 to the door channels 10. The internal door seal 32 is closed C-shaped profile, fixed around the perimeter of each door panel 8 from the side of the cargo room 22, which is adjacent to the protective plate of the T-shaped profile I 15, the inner lining 14 of the side walls 4 and the protective tubular profile 23 of the mesh fence 30 in the closed position of the doors 8.

The device operates as follows.

The air distribution system directs cooling air to the floor channels 11. The flow of cooling air distributed along the floor channels 11 moves towards the side walls 4 and doors 8, flowing through the holes 31 in the vertical elements of the T-shaped profile 28, and is directed to the channels 10 of the side walls 4 and Doors 8 through the lower air flow guides 12.

Valves 17 in the channels 11, 10 and 9, respectively, of the floor 5, side walls 4 and doors, as well as the roof 6 are in a closed position at a temperature below -5 ° C in the cargo room 22. Cooling air moves in a closed space of the channels 10 and 11, taking heat from the inner lining 14 of the cargo room 22, penetrated through the insulation layer 20, which prevents further penetration of heat into the cargo room 22. Air moves in the channels of the roof 9, the channels of the side walls 10 and the channels of the doors 10, as well as the channels of the floor 11, not entering in contact with frozen cargo that does not emit biological heat and does not require air circulation around it, which reduces shrinkage of the cargo and the formation of frost on the air cooler 26. Reducing frost formation allows to reduce the frequency of defrost cycles of the air cooler 26 and increase the pressure of the refrigerant, which improves the efficiency of the cooling device and reduces consumption electricity.

At a transportation temperature above -5 ° C, designed for refrigerated cargo, including those that generate biological heat and require air circulation around the cargo, the valves 17 of the side walls 4, doors 8 and floor 5 open, and part of the air flow from channels 10 and 11 gets into the cargo room 22, washing from the outside and penetrating the inside of the cargo stack (both vertical and horizontal channels can be arranged in the cargo stack to organize air movement by various ways of laying boxes). The valves 17 of the roof channel 9 also open, which leads to an overflow of air from the cargo room 22 into the channel of the roof 9. An increase in the temperature of the cooling air leads to an increase in the opening angle of the valves 17, which, in turn, increases the flow of circulating air from the channels 10 and 11 cargo room 22.

The volume of air supplied to the cargo room 22 is regulated by changing the pressure of the supplied cooling air using an air distribution system, depending on the temperature difference between the upper and lower "temperature control perimeters".

The air distribution system differentially delivers air through the areas of the cargo area A, B, C and D, the temperature state of which is monitored using temperature sensors 21. If there are deviations in the air temperature, as well as the temperature of the inner lining 14 of the side walls 4 and doors 8 from the set value in any of the areas of the cargo area A, B, C or D, the air distribution system by providing independent controlled supply of cooling air through the zones a, b, c and d of the channels of the floor 11 provides Holding with high accuracy the set temperature.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

1. IPC ⁶ B 65 D 90/02. Heavy container refrigerator / Kothe, Horst; Graaf, Wolfgang; Graaf GmbH i. K .- / No. 19649871.6, DE; Claim 2.12.96, Publ. 4.6.98.

2. V.V. Klimenko, V.N. Kornienko. The rational use of thermal nonequilibrium outside air. // Refrigeration equipment. 1989. - No. 6. - S.25-30.

3. A.V. Bulls. Small refrigeration units and refrigeration transport. Directory. - M.: Food Industry, 1978. - 238 p.

Claims (4)

1. Cooled large-capacity container, the casing of which contains side (4) and end (7) walls, floor (5), roof (6) and doors (8) made of sandwich panels, through which cooling air is passed through the circulation channels a device having an air cooler, an air distribution system comprising four fans (3) with DC motors and an automatic control and monitoring system, while the cargo room is divided into zones A, B, C and D, which are connected to the corresponding air compartments (29) cooler (26), separated by three thin-walled partitions (27), which are installed in the upper and lower parts of the air cooler (26), and the circulation channels of the floor (11) are formed by a profile (28) and valves (17), mounted on the lower part of the shelves Т- shaped elements, the circulation channels (10) of the side wall panels (4) and doors (8) are formed by vertically arranged corrugations (18) of the inner skin (14), recessed into the thermal insulation (20), and valves (17), mounted on the corrugations (18) ), and the circulation channels of the roof are formed by the panel of the roof and valve by us (17), made in the form of a C-shaped profile, and the material of the layers, the geometric dimensions and the location of the valves of the side walls, floor and roof doors are selected so that at temperatures above -5 ° C they are opened. 2. Cooled large-capacity container according to claim 1, characterized in that the roof channel (9) is formed by a roof panel (6) and valves (17) mounted on the side of the mesh fence (30) facing the roof panel (6), and the valves ( 17) are made in the form of a C-shaped profile, including two layers of plastic with different coefficients of linear expansion. 3. The cooled large-capacity container according to claim 1, characterized in that the side wall (4) in the area adjacent to the floor (5) is equipped with lower guides (12), and in the area adjacent to the roof (6) - upper guides (13), made in the form of panels with tubular cavities (16) of optimal aerodynamic geometry. 4. Cooled large-capacity container according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner seal of the doors (32) is made in the form of a closed C-shaped profile fixed along the perimeter of each door leaf (8) from the side of the cargo area (22) and adjacent to the protective plate T-shaped profile (15), the skin of the side walls (4) and the protective tubular profile (23) of the mesh fence (30) in the closed position of the doors (8).

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