RU2247841C1 - Two-stroke internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines.

SUBSTANCE: proposed two-stroke internal combustion engine contains at least one cylinder with intake and exhaust valves, piston and cylinder head with spark plug forming combustion chamber, hydrogen and oxygen source and hydrogen and oxygen supply pressure source. Piston is made with hermetically sealed space accommodating automatic self-acting intake valve. Hydrogen and oxygen supply pressure source is made in form of charger mechanically coupled with engine crankshaft communicating through supply channel with hermetically sealed space of piston and intake pipeline with suction valve and throttle communicating with hydrogen and oxygen source. Charger is made in form of hollow bellows (corrugated) charge which is coaxially and detachably connected by delivery side to piston skirt, and by suction side, to engine crankcase. Hydrogen and oxygen source is made in form of electrolyzer with supply of power from vehicle carry-on dc source. Exhaust pipeline communicates with electrolyzer through cooler.

EFFECT: provision of highly efficient and ecologically clean two-stroke internal combustion engine.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of engineering, namely to internal combustion engines, and can be widely used in engine building.

Known two-stroke internal combustion engine with a valve-slotted purge containing crank, gas distribution mechanisms and systems - cooling, lubrication, power, ignition, where in the cylinder of the engine from the start of combustion of the previous portion of the charge to prepare for the combustion of the next one revolution of the crankshaft is enough or two piston strokes. Air comes from a pressure source, such as a supercharger. Hydrocarbon fuel is used for food (see. G. Rytvinsky. Meet - M engine: Mashinostroenie, 1993, pp. 10-14, Fig. 56).

The disadvantages of the known engine are significant operating costs due to the high cost of hydrocarbon fuel and high toxicity of exhaust gases.

A known internal combustion engine comprising at least one cylinder, a spark plug, an air inlet pipe with a diffuser and a carburetor, a hydrogen power system and an electric current source, the first pole of which is connected to the spark plug and to the electrode in the carburetor float chamber. The second pole is connected to the engine casing, with a needle-shaped electrode in the diffuser and with the air inlet of the hydrogen supply system. As a result, the gas-hydrogen mixture is electrified and, upon entering the combustion chamber, hydrogen molecules are concentrated in the zone of the spark plug, which creates an increased speed of the burnout process of the lean mixture and increases the efficiency of the engine (see AS USSR 1020594, publ. 05/30/1983).

The disadvantages of this engine are also high operating costs for hydrocarbon fuel and high toxicity of exhaust gases.

A known internal combustion engine containing at least one cylinder with a cooling cavity, a water cooler, a pump, a hydrogen reactor with an energy storage substance, a water tank through a supercharger connected to a hydrogen reactor, and a water heater connected by a pipe to a hydrogen reactor and an engine air inlet pipe . Hydrogen collected in the gas cavity of the water heater enters the combustion chamber of the engine through the air inlet pipe (see AS USSR 1071791, publ. 02/07/1984).

A disadvantage of the known engine is a complex, material-intensive and unreliable design, which, due to cumbersomeness, cannot be operated as a power plant, for example, in passenger cars.

Closest to the proposed invention is an internal combustion engine containing at least one cylinder with a piston, inlet, exhaust valves and a cylinder head with a spark plug forming a combustion chamber, a hydrocarbon fuel supply system and a hydrogen source with its nozzle. The nozzle is installed next to the spark plug and at the end of the compression stroke through the side channel produces a portion of hydrogen, which contributes to the ignition of a lean gasoline mixture, increasing engine efficiency (RF Patent 2151892, publ. 06/26/2000).

The shortcomings of the closest analogue are the design complexity due to the presence of two power systems, including bottled hydrogen, and significant operating costs associated with the consumption of hydrocarbon fuels, and the high toxicity of exhaust gases that poison the environment.

The technical problem solved by the invention is to create a highly economical and environmentally friendly two-stroke internal combustion engine.

The problem is solved in that in a two-stroke internal combustion engine containing at least one cylinder with an intake, exhaust valve, piston and cylinder head with a spark plug forming a combustion chamber, a source of hydrogen and oxygen, a source of pressure for supplying hydrogen and oxygen. According to the invention, the piston is made with a sealed cavity, where an inlet valve made automatic (self-acting) is installed, the source of hydrogen and oxygen supply pressure is made in the form of a supercharger kinematically connected to the crankshaft of the engine, connected by a supply channel with a sealed piston cavity and an inlet pipe with a suction valve and a throttle connected to a source of hydrogen and oxygen.

The supercharger can be made in the form of a hollow bellows (corrugated) supercharger, which is coaxially and detachably with the discharge side fixed to the piston skirt, and the suction one to the engine crankcase.

The source of hydrogen and oxygen can be made in the form of an electrolytic cell with power supply from an onboard DC source.

The exhaust pipe through the refrigerator can be communicated with the electrolyzer.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the engine,

figure 2 is a view a of figure 1,

figure 3. - view B of figure 1.

An example of the implementation of the proposed solution. A two-stroke internal combustion engine contains at least honey, one cylinder 1 (Fig. 1), an exhaust valve 2 with forced control 3, a piston 4 with an automatically inlet valve 5 installed in an airtight cavity 6, a cylinder head 7 with an spark plug 8, forming a combustion chamber 9, a cooling system 21 of the engine. The source of hydrogen and oxygen supply pressure (supercharger) is made in the form of a hollow bellows (corrugated) supercharger 10 kinematically connected to the crankshaft, coaxially and demountably, for example, by bolts 11 (Figs. 1-3), the discharge side is fixed to the piston skirt, and suction, for example, bolts 12, is detachable to the engine crankcase.

In this case, the bellows blower by the supply channel 13 is in communication with a sealed piston cavity, and in communication with a source of hydrogen and oxygen by a pipe with a suction valve 14 and with a throttle valve 15. Moreover, the discharge valve for the bellows blower is the inlet valve in the piston of the engine. The source of hydrogen and oxygen is made in the form of an electrolyzer 16 with a direct current supply to the electrodes 17 from the on-board battery 18. The exhaust pipe 19 of the engine can be in communication with the electrolyzer through the refrigerator 20.

A two-stroke internal combustion engine operates as follows.

To start the engine, turn on the ignition, open the throttle valve 15 (Fig. 1) and rotate the shaft with a starter. The direct current from the battery 18 will be supplied to the electrodes 1 of the electrolytic cell 16. When direct current flows through the electrolyte, for example, an aqueous solution of caustic potassium, water decomposes into hydrogen and oxygen. Piston 4 from BDC moves to TDC - compression stroke. Exhaust 2 and inlet 5 valves are closed. The hydrogen-oxygen mixture obtained as a result of electrolysis from the electrolyser 16 through the inlet pipe, through the throttle valve 15 and the open suction valve 14 enters the bellows supercharger 10. That is, during the compression stroke, the bellows supercharger 10 picks up the cyclic dose of the mixture determined by the throttle 15. From the electrolyser, the spark plug 8 an electric spark ignites the working mixture compressed in the combustion chamber 9. The expanding gases create a pressure in the cylinder 1 above the piston 4, under the action of which the piston 4 moves from TDC to BDC, a working stroke occurs. Inlet 5, exhaust 2 and suction 14 valves are closed. In the bellows blower 10, as a result of the movement of the piston 4, the cyclic dose of the mixture is compressed. At the end of the expansion stroke, the gas distribution mechanism 3 forcibly opens the exhaust valve 2 and in the cylinder 1, the gas pressure drops to atmospheric value. The automatically inlet valve 5 under pressure created in the bellows blower 10 will open, and the cyclic dose of the hydrogen-oxygen mixture through the feed channel 13 and the sealed cavity 6 will enter cylinder 1. And the cycles are repeated. The rotational speed of the engine shaft is regulated by a throttle 15, which increases or decreases the cyclic dose of the mixture entering the cylinder 1. The exhaust pipe 19 for collecting water condensate from the exhaust gases and returning it to the cycle through the refrigerator 20 is communicated with the electrolyzer 16.

The electrodes of the electrolyzer can be made, for example, of nickel, of any known shape, for example, in the form of hollow cylinders, with grooves that provide free passage of gas and electrolyte in the working cavity, or can be made of a mesh that fit concentrically with a gap into one another, for example, a cathode made with a gap that fits into the anode.

The suction valve can be made, for example, in the form of a flap valve, for example, of rubber.

The bellows (corrugated) blower may be made of metal, such as stainless steel, or of an elastic material, such as rubber.

The refrigerator can be made, for example, in the form of a radiator with atmospheric cooling and communicated with a source of hydrogen and oxygen.

The proposed two-stroke internal combustion engine in operation is highly economical and environmentally friendly. Will find wide application in all sectors of the economy.

Claims (4)

1. A two-stroke internal combustion engine comprising at least one cylinder with an intake, exhaust valve, piston and cylinder head with a spark plug forming a combustion chamber, a source of hydrogen and oxygen, a pressure source for supplying hydrogen and oxygen, characterized in that the piston made with a sealed cavity, where the inlet valve is installed, made automatic (self-acting), the source of pressure of hydrogen and oxygen is made in the form of a supercharger kinematically connected with the crankshaft of the engine STUDIO communicated with the supply channel sealed cavity of the piston and the inlet conduit with the suction throttle valve and communicating with the source of hydrogen and oxygen. 2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the supercharger is made in the form of a hollow bellows (corrugated) supercharger, which is coaxially and detachably with the discharge side fixed to the piston skirt, and the suction one to the engine crankcase. 3. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the source of hydrogen and oxygen is made in the form of an electrolytic cell with power supply from an onboard DC source. 4. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the exhaust pipe through the refrigerator is in communication with the electrolyzer.

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