RU2246470C2 - Brown coal fertilizer and a method for manufacture thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mixed fertilizers.

SUBSTANCE: fertilizer contains brown coal with particle size 0.001 to 5 mm and additive, in particular biological humus, at weight ratio 1:(0.001-0.05). Prior to be mixed with additive, brown coal is ground to required particle size. Mixing is carried out until homogenous free flowing product is obtained. Fertilizer can be used to raise fertility as product accessible for any user from individual summer residents to large agricultural economies.

EFFECT: reduced cost of product.

7 cl, 3 tbl, 6 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and, in particular, to the production of fertilizers based on brown coal and can be used to increase productivity as the most affordable for farmers of any scale - from summer residents to large-scale agricultural enterprises.

Carbon fertilizer is known and a method for producing it from coal milled into dust mixed with organic waste (straw and reed cutting, sawdust, dry grass, etc.), which was introduced into the soil in the form of compost, where it was processed by worms and bacteria, from which the amount of humus in the soil increased and the soil became more fertile [1].

Brown coal, as a carbon-containing fertilizer, does not contain soil biota, and this reduces its fertilizing properties. For the successful use of such carbon fertilizer in the soil there must be a large amount of "living matter" - worms and bacteria. On depleted, “chemized” soils, in which there are few worms and bacteria, the processing of this carbon fertilizer by worms and bacteria is very slow, and therefore it is impossible to achieve the desired result in the first year of its use.

Humates of alkali metals and ammonium obtained by treating brown coal with sodium, potassium or ammonium hydroxides are also known. Their action is based on the activation of brown coal humic acids [2].

However, the increase in yield during their use remains not high enough.

Closest to the claimed invention are coal-carbon fertilizer based on brown coal and additives (which can also be called brown coal fertilizer), as well as a method for its preparation. As an additive in this brown coal fertilizer, waste from biotechnological production based on microbial synthesis is used in the amount of 1-10% by weight of brown coal [3].

This fertilizer is obtained by mixing brown coal and waste from biotechnological industries based on microbial synthesis, which use lyprin-2, which is a waste from the production of lysine feed concentrate, or distillery, which is a waste from the industrial production of acetyl-butyl alcohol after fermentation of molasses and flour medium.

This fertilizer increases productivity in comparison with sodium humates and brown coal. However, it contains an inaccessible additive consisting of waste from biotechnological industries based on microbial synthesis, the above-mentioned lyprin-2 and vinasse are used as these, and this limits its use on a large scale, in the fields of large, medium, and especially small agricultural producers (gardeners, summer residents in small agricultural cooperatives, etc.), in areas where there are no such biotechnological industries based on microbial synthesis.

The claimed invention is directed to the creation of fertilizer, which not only increases crop yields, but which can be produced in any quantity and from an agricultural producer of any rank - from a gardener to a large agricultural enterprise.

The inventive brown coal fertilizer has the following essential features: a brown coal fertilizer contains brown coal and an additive, and unlike the prototype, it contains biohumus as an additive with a mass ratio of brown coal to biohumus equal to 1: 0.01-0.05, using brown coal crushed to a particle size of 0.001-5 mm.

As an additive, the proposed brown coal fertilizer may contain biohumus in the form of its aqueous bacterial suspension containing biohumus and water with a mass ratio of these components of 1: 5-10.

In addition, the inventive brown coal fertilizer as brown coal may contain crushed waste with a particle size of 0.001-5 mm

The proposed method for producing brown coal fertilizer has the following essential features:

in the inventive method for producing brown coal fertilizer by mixing brown coal and an additive, unlike the prototype, brown coal is pre-crushed to a particle size of 0.001-5 mm, and then mixed with the additive in a mass ratio of these components equal to 1: 0.01-0, 05, until a homogeneous free-flowing target product is obtained, moreover, biohumus is used as an additive.

It is possible in the claimed method for producing brown coal fertilizer to use biohumus in the form of its aqueous bacterial suspension containing biohumus and water with a mass ratio of these components of 1: 5-10.

In the proposed method for producing brown coal fertilizer, its crushed waste with a particle size of 0.001-5 mm can be used as brown coal.

The use of crushed brown coal waste in the preparation of the inventive lignite fertilizer significantly reduces the cost of its production and, as a result, reduces its cost.

Biohumus, as well as an aqueous suspension of biohumus, as well as the generally proposed brown coal fertilizer, can be obtained in any quantities not only by a large agricultural producer, but even by a gardener or summer resident.

The inventive brown coal fertilizer obtained by the proposed method not only increases the yield of agricultural crops, but also allows it to be produced in any quantities by an agricultural producer of any rank - from a gardener to a large agricultural enterprise and, in addition, expands the range of organic fertilizers used.

The invention is illustrated by the examples given in the attached table 1.

Example 1

1 ton of brown coal is ground to a particle size of 0.001 mm, and 10 kg of fresh biohumus is added to activate its biological decomposition in the soil into carbon dioxide and other nutrients of soil biota and plants, then the resulting mixture is mixed until a uniform granular target product is formed - brown coal fertilizers.

Example 2

The same as in example 1, but only 1 ton of brown coal is ground to a particle size of 2.5 mm, and 25 kg of vermicompost is added.

Example 3

The same as in example 1, but only 1 ton of brown coal is ground to a particle size of 5 mm, and 50 kg of vermicompost is added.

Example 4

In example 4, the same as in example 1, but only instead of vermicompost add 50 l of its aqueous bacterial suspension, obtained by mixing vermicompost with water at their corresponding mass ratio of 1: 5. Moreover, an aqueous suspension of vermicompost is obtained before grinding brown coal.

Example 5

In example 5, the same as in example 1, but only brown coal waste is crushed to a particle size of 0.001-5 mm, and 25 kg of vermicompost is added to 1 ton of this waste.

Example 6

In example 6, the same as in example 5, but only instead of vermicompost add 50 l of its aqueous bacterial suspension obtained after grinding brown coal waste by mixing vermicompost with water in a mass ratio of 1:10.

Similarly, experiments were carried out on the implementation of the invention with going beyond the boundary values of the ratio of brown coal and activating additive (1: 0.01-0.05) and particle size of crushed brown coal or crushed brown coal waste (0.001-5 mm), as well as the ratio of vermicompost and water in an aqueous suspension of vermicompost (1: 5-10).

As a result of these experiments, it was found:

- the use of an activating additive in an amount less than 0.01 by weight of the crushed brown coal significantly slows down the process of its activation, and more than 0.05 is an excess amount compared to that necessary for the activation of brown coal and leads to a rise in the cost of brown coal fertilizer;

- when the particle size of the crushed brown coal is less than 0.001 mm, very powerful high-speed mills are required, which makes the process more expensive, and when more than 5 mm, the activation process of the brown coal particles is slowed down and limits the mechanized introduction of such fertilizer into the soil using standard agricultural equipment, for example, grain seeders, the holes of which are adjusted to the grain size of cereals (mainly not more than 5 mm);

- when the mass ratio of vermicompost and water in an aqueous bacterial suspension, in which the water is less than 5 parts, a thick suspension is obtained, which is more difficult to transfer to ground brown coal than liquid;

- with the mass ratio of vermicompost and water in an aqueous bacterial suspension, in which there is more than 10 parts of water, the moisture content of the crushed brown coal increases and it begins to clump, which complicates the mechanized way of applying it to the soil using standard agricultural equipment (grain seeders).

The attached table 1 shows examples of the inventive lignite fertilizer.

Table 2 shows the data on the influence of vermicompost and the proposed brown coal fertilizer containing ground brown coal and vermicompost on the yield of grain (rye, wheat, corn and barley).

Table 3 shows the data on the influence of vermicompost and the proposed brown coal fertilizer containing crushed brown coal waste and vermicompost on the yield of potatoes.

As can be seen from table 1, a mixture of crushed brown coal (or crushed brown coal waste) with an activating additive - vermicompost or with an aqueous suspension of vermicompost, obtained by the claimed method, is sufficiently activated in all examples given in this table, examples 1-6, selected within the boundary values the corresponding mass ratio of brown coal and an activating additive (1: 0.01-0.05) and the particle size of the crushed brown coal or crushed brown coal waste (0.001-5 mm), as well as the corresponding mass ratio of vermicompost and odes in its aqueous bacterial suspension (1: 5-10) indicated in the formula.

From table 2 it can be seen that the inventive brown coal fertilizer containing ground brown coal and an activating additive - vermicompost is superior to vermicompost in terms of its effect on the yield of grain crops.

From table 3 it is seen that the proposed brown coal fertilizer containing crushed brown coal waste and an activating additive - vermicompost is superior to vermicompost in terms of potato yield.

As can be seen from table 2 of this description and table 1 of the description of the prototype, the inventive brown coal fertilizer containing ground brown coal and an activating additive - vermicompost is superior to sodium humate, brown coal and prototype in terms of its effect on barley yield.

Thus, the claimed invention not only increases the yield of agricultural crops, but also allows it to be produced in any quantity and from an agricultural producer of any rank from a gardener to a large agricultural enterprise and, in addition, expands the range of organic fertilizers used.

Sources of information

 1. Slashchinin Yu.I. “20 bags of potatoes per one hundredth”, St. Petersburg, 1995

2. Lozanovskaya I.N. et al. “Soil Science”, M., 1993, No. 4, pp. 117-121.

3. Russian patent RU 2111195, C 05 F 11/02, published 1998

Table 1.
Examples of obtaining the inventive bioactivated brown coal (coal-tar) fertilizer. Biological activator and its dose per 1 ton of coal Characterization of a mixture of bioactivated powdered brown coal Characterization of a mixture of bioactivated ground brown coal waste 1. Biohumus 10 kg Sufficiently activated - 2. Biohumus 25 kg Sufficiently activated - 3. Vermicompost 50 kg Sufficiently activated - 4. Aqueous suspension of biohumus (5: 1) 50 l Sufficiently activated - 5. Biohumus 25 kg - Sufficiently activated 6. Aqueous suspension of biohumus (10: 1) 50 l - Sufficiently activated

Table 2.
The effect of vermicompost and the proposed brown coal (coal-humic) fertilizer on grain yield Cereal Harvest, t / ha Yield increase, c / ha Specific yield increase, c s / t in good Control (pure steam without fertilizers) Rye 12.3 - - Vermicompost 30 kg / ha Rye 17.7 +5.4 1.8 Vermicompost 60 kg / ha Rye 18.7 +6.4 1,6 Vermicompost 90 kg / ha Rye 20,0 +7.7 0.85 The proposed coal-fertilizer fertilizer 30 kg / ha Rye 40.1 +27.8 9.1 Control (pure steam without fertilizers) Wheat 17.4 - - Vermicompost 30 kg / ha Wheat 24.2 +6.8 2.27 Vermicompost 60 kg / ha Wheat 26.5 +9.1 1,5 Biohumus 90 kg / ha Wheat 33,2 +14.8 1.65 The proposed coal-fertilizer fertilizer 30 kg / ha Wheat 50.6 +33.2 10.17 Control (potato field land) Corn 20,0 - - Vermicompost 30 kg / ha Corn 33.5 +13.5 4,5 Vermicompost 50 kg / ha Corn 65.0 +45.0 9.0 Vermicompost 80 kg / ha Corn 80,4 +60.4 7.5 The proposed coal-fertilizer fertilizer 30 kg / ha Corn 90.0 +70.0 23.0 Control (potato field land) Barley 11.8 - - Vermicompost 30 kg / ha Barley 18.9 +7.1 2,37 Vermicompost 60 kg / ha Barley 21.6 +9.8 1,63 Biohumus 90 kg / ha Barley 27,2 +15.4 1.7 The proposed coal-fertilizer fertilizer 30 kg / ha Barley 41.1 +29.3 9,4

Table 3.
The effect of vermicompost and the proposed brown coal (coal-humic) fertilizer on potato productivity Grade Productivity, t / ha Yield increase, c / ha Specific yield increase, c / c fertilizer Without fertilizer (control) Nevsky 210 - - Vermicompost 50 kg / ha Nevsky 280 +70 1,5 Vermicompost 100 kg / ha Nevsky 323 +113 1,2 The proposed coal-carbon fertilizer 50 kg / ha Nevsky 500 +290 5.8 Without fertilizer (control) “Lassoon" 260 - - Vermicompost 50 kg / ha “Lassoon" 410 +150 3,1 Vermicompost 100 kg / ha “Lassoon" 460 +200 2.1 The proposed coal-carbon fertilizer 50 kg / ha “Lassoon" 850 +590 11.8 Without fertilizer (control) “Detskoselsky” 135 - - Vermicompost 20 kg / ha “Detskoselsky” 166 +31 1.55 Vermicompost 40 kg / ha “Detskoselsky” 182 +47 1,2 Vermicompost 60 kg / ha “Detskoselsky” 187 +52 0.8 The proposed coal-carbon fertilizer 50 kg / ha “Detskoselsky” 495 +360 7.2

Claims (7)

1. Brown coal fertilizer containing brown coal and an additive, characterized in that it contains biohumus as an additive with a mass ratio of components 1: 0.01-0.05, using brown coal, crushed to a particle size of 0.001-5 mm. 2. Brown coal fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains biohumus in the form of its aqueous bacterial suspension. 3. Brown coal fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that the aqueous bacterial suspension contains vermicompost and water with a mass ratio of these components of 1: 5-10. 4. Brown coal fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that as brown coal it contains crushed waste with a particle size of 0.001-5 mm. 5. A method of producing brown coal fertilizer, comprising mixing brown coal with an additive, characterized in that the brown coal is pre-crushed to a particle size of 0.001-5 mm, and then mixed with the additive in a mass ratio of components 1: 0.01-0.05 to obtain homogeneous granular target product, moreover, biohumus is used as an additive. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the biohumus is used in the form of its aqueous bacterial suspension containing biohumus and water in a weight ratio of 1: 5-10, respectively. 7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that its waste is used as brown coal.