RU2239964C2 - Combined working tool for performing different kinds of soil tillage - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, equipment used for improving ecological conditions in grain sowing regions.

SUBSTANCE: working tool has hollow tine with sides and actuating members made in the form of rippers-slitters, parts arranged under hoe and equipped with holder, and horizontal shares, inclined shares with chisel, A-shaped hoe with three-faced many-sided wedges-mole plows, slitter with part under hoe and chisel, drum with wide and narrow blades. Different kinds of actuating members allow various combinations to be used for performing different kinds of soil tillage. Working tool allows stepped tillage, tiered tillage, chiseling, flat tillage and flat tillage combined with slitting tillage to be provided, as well as alternating wide and narrow holes to be formed on soil surface.

EFFECT: increased wind and water resistance of surface of plowed layer, provision for leaving stubble remains on soil surface.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to combined working bodies for performing various types of tillage.

Known working body / 1 /, including a ploughshare, blade, subsoiler, disk mounted movably on its rack.

The disadvantages of the known working body of the plow should include a significant number of racks for almost every actuating element. This not only increases the material consumption of the tillage machine, but also reduces the reliability of the process, since crop residues of especially long-stalked crops hang on this many racks, not ensuring the proper quality. In addition, dump hulls reduce the wind resistance of the soil surface of the cultivated fields, and after processing after some time, when the soil settles and the surface is smoothed, therefore, the water resistance of the soil surface decreases sharply.

Known working body for dumping and dumping loosening / 2 /, including brackets, actuators: ploughshaft, ripper mounted on one rack.

The disadvantages of the known working body include the fact that with this arrangement of actuating elements for dumping without plowing cultivating a plow-cutting surface and a cultivator, the proper quality of protecting soils from water erosion is not ensured. When the slope is 6 ° or more, the positive effect of the application of the known working body decreases, since the wavy surface of this treatment is smoothed, the surface runoff increases, which reduces the concentration of nutrients in the area of the root system of cultivated crops.

Known combined working body for performing various types of tillage / 3 /, including a hollow rack with holes for fixing actuators in the form of a sub-mount with a removable holder mounted on a rack, and horizontal left and right shares, and sloter with a vertical cultivator for mounting on a rack with the possibility of removal and fixing, having an elongated and short inclined shares and chisel.

The disadvantages of the known working body include the fact that the working body with this set of actuating elements performs one type of tillage - deep cultivation with softening, therefore its functionality is limited.

To eliminate these drawbacks and achieve a positive effect, the working body is additionally equipped with removable actuating elements in the form of a lancet paw with two-sided scavengers, and slitherese with a pad and chisel, and a blade drum, and additional actuating elements - paw and slit-hole have a vertical cultivator with holes for mounting on rack, and the axis of the blade drum through a four-link mechanism with an adjustable upper link is pivotally attached to the rack, and the drum is equipped with Wide-ene pairwise delivered and bent at an acute angle from the vertical transverse-longitudinal planes uzkozahvatnymi blades.

Additionally, a combined working body equipped with interchangeable actuators ensures the implementation of various types of tillage with high protective properties and characteristics - these are molehills, a gap with stubble left in the field, which prevent the development of water and wind erosion processes.

Installation on a hollow pillar of a sub-bearing with shares and a chisel, of a blade drum allows the combined working body to perform stepless cultivating loosening with the formation of holes on the surface of the soil.

The openings on the vertical rippers of the paw and crevice provide easy and quick installation of them on the hollow rack of additional actuating elements.

Combining the work of plowshares with armrests and lancet paws with movers provides the implementation of the processes of longline tillage. If there are only lancet paws with movers on the rack, soil is crushed to a depth of 20 cm.

When installing plowshares with a bearing and a cultivator with a chisel on a hollow rack (in the case when the chisel is raised up to the stop), it allows to obtain a combined working body for flat cutting with stubble left on the surface to reduce wind speed in the surface layer, and when the chisel chisel is lowered down, the cultivator is fixed in the rack by the upper hole - this makes it possible to produce flat cutting with simultaneous snapping.

The arrangement of working bodies frontally, with an angle forward to perform various types of cultivation is used depending on the working conditions, namely, in tillage, where row crops were grown on the field, with highly stubble crop residues. All executive working elements are installed on a single supporting system of machines - a hollow rack.

Figure 1 presents the General types of actuators of the combined working body:

a - hollow rack;

b - horizontal shares with a holder and holder;

c - inclined shares with a chisel and cultivator;

g - swept paw with wedges and a cultivator;

d - ripper-slitherez with a paddle and chisel;

e - lobed drum with narrow and wide-grip blades.

Figure 2 presents the combined working body assembled from the actuating elements a, b, c, e for the implementation of the technological process of stepwise tillage and sinking.

Figure 3 shows a disk with narrow gripping blades (side view).

Figure 4 shows the angular arrangement of the combined working bodies for: A - step processing; B - flat-cutting; B - chisel; G - cleavage; D - tillage with the formation of molehills; E - crevice loosening.

Figure 5 presents a diagram of the frontally located working bodies for: A - step processing; B - flat-cutting; B - chisel; G - cleavage; D - the main processing with worming; E - crevice loosening.

The combined working body for performing various types of tillage (see table) includes options: I - hollow stand; II - horizontal shares with a holder and holder; III - inclined shares with a chisel; IV - swept paw with movers; V - slit-ripper; VI - paddle roller.

The combined working body that performs various types of tillage includes hollow racks with sidewalls 1 (Fig. 1), sharpening 2, holes 3 and 4, holder 5, horizontal right share 6, bearing 7, horizontal left share 8. When mounting holder 5 puts on vertical cultivators 9 actuators “c, d, d”, which include the left two-sided mole 10, elongated inclined share 11, chisel 12, short inclined share 13; the right-hand two-sided mover 14, the paw 15 on the working surface of which are the movers 16, 10, 14. The narrow-ripper ripper 9 has holes 4, and the slotter ripper “d” has an arm 17 and a chisel 18 and three holes 19. The same hole 19 has a cultivator 9 of inclined plowshares 11, 13 with a chisel 12. The next actuator is “e” - the blade drum has wide-angle blades 20 and disks 21 of narrow-angle blades. Wide-grip blades and 22, 23, and 24, 25, and 20 and 26 are located between the disks 21 of narrow-grip blades, the ends of which are bent not only in the longitudinal-vertical plane, but also transversely vertical by an acute angle.

The combined working body in which the actuating elements “a, b, c, e” are involved (I version of the table) works as follows.

When moving, horizontal plowshares 6, 8, ripper 9 form a gap, inclined plowshares 11, 13 and chisels loosen the soil, form a stepped ridge bottom. The blades 21, 23 of the drum form holes on the surface of the soil.

The combined working body, for which the actuating elements “a, b, d, e” are involved (see version II of the table), works as follows.

When moving, horizontal plowshares 6, 7 loosen the soil, an arrow-shaped paw 15 deepens the loosened layer, trihedral two-sided wedges 10, 14, 16 form molehills under the soil layer. The blades 21, 22 make holes. That is, there is a tiered cultivation of the soil with the formation of a wind-resistant surface of the treated field.

The combined working body, for which the actuating elements “a, d, e” are involved (see III version of the table), performs work related to tillage to a depth of 20-22 cm. This is the main tillage for various crops, but is mainly used for soil preparation for winter.

When the edges of the arrow-shaped paw 15 move, the soil layer is cut, trihedral two-sided wedges 10, 14, 16 raise it from bottom to top and, when lifting, loosen it into smaller fractions. In addition, the vertical cultivator 9 divides the formation into two halves when passing between the sides of the cultivator 9 and the wedges 14 and 16, the formation again crumbles under the action of the generated stresses. At the same time, crop residues remain on the surface even under the layer of loosened molehill soil, which increases the moisture absorption capacity of the soil and wind resistance of the treated fields.

The combined working body, for which the elements “a, b, e” are involved (see the fourth version of the table), is used for chiseeling with decompaction of the compacted sole.

When moving, the edge 2 of the actuating element “a” cuts the top layer, the sides 1 form a gap that is deepened by the vertical ripper 9 of the actuating element “b”, the inclined share 11 cuts the slots at an angle to the vertical, the bit 12 forms a container, the volume of which increases the short inclined share 13. This ensures long-term storage of moisture, prevents freezing of the soil to a great depth. The “e” element forms the wells.

The combined working body, for which the actuators “a, b, d” are involved (see option V of the table), is designed to perform plane cutting in a soil-protective system. Consider two options for performing various types of processing by this working body.

Option V - the chisel 18 of the cultivator 9 is at the level of the cutting edges of the horizontal shares 6, 8. When moving the actuator element “b” (paw) with its horizontal shares 6, 8 cuts the layer and the root system of weeds. Chisel 18 contributes to the depth of plowshares to a given depth, the soil crumbles with them, while the stubble remains on the surface to prevent wind erosion. The “e” element forms the wells.

Option VI - the bit 18 is located at a distance Δh from the surface of the edges of the horizontal shares 6, 8.

Working across the slope (this variant of the combined working body performs tillage tillage with plowshares 6, 8 while preserving stubble), the vertical cultivator 9 forms a vertical cavity - a slot, and the chisel 18 loosens the soil of the lower part of the gap, forms a moisture-accumulating subsoil tank. The “e” element forms the wells.

Depending on the soil and climatic conditions, the combined working body for various types of tillage is located both according to the “forward angle” scheme of FIG. 4 “a, b, c, d, d, e” and frontally of FIG. 5 “a, b , c, d, e, e. ”

The combined working body with a set of actuating elements, performing various types of anti-erosion tillage, prevents the development of water and wind erosion.

Therefore, the use of a combined working body to perform various types of tillage does not have a negative effect on the environment.

Sources of information

1. Ivanov I.S. and other agricultural machines. / - M.: Mechanical Engineering - 1970. S. 10, 11.

2. Putrin A.S. Working body for dumping and cultivating loosening / Tractors and agricultural machinery cars. - M. - 2002. - No. 5. - S.7-8.

3. Taranin V.I. Rykov V.B. The working body for tillage. - P.R.F. No. 2134500. - VNIPTIMESKH according to the application No. 97121396/13 of 12/10/97, publ. 08/20/99, No. 23.

Claims (1)

A combined working body for performing various types of tillage, including a hollow rack with holes for fixing actuators, in the form of a sub-arm with a removable holder mounted on a rack, and horizontal left and right shares and slotted hole with a vertical cultivator for mounting on a rack with the possibility of removal and fixation having an elongated and short inclined plowshares and a chisel, characterized in that the working body is additionally equipped with interchangeable actuating elements in the form of a pointed arm with two sides them by the movers, and slitherer with a bearing, and a chisel, and a blade drum, moreover, additional actuating elements - a paw and a sloter have a vertical ripper with holes for mounting on the rack, and the axis of the blade drum is pivotally attached to the rack by means of a four-link mechanism with an adjustable upper link, the drum is equipped with pairwise set wide-angle and narrow-angle vanes bent to an acute angle from the vertical in transverse-longitudinal planes.

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