RU2236010C1 - Method for diagnosing salivary gland duct patency - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: method involves taking patient saliva samples under empty stomach condition and after his having accomplished chewing movements and swallowing saliva. A portion of the samples in the amount of 0.01-0.02 ml is spread over degreased microscope slide surface as drops and dried at 18-30° C during 4-6 h and scrutinized with microscope. Three-ray cracks being found in boundary zone of both dried drops, salivary gland duct patency disorder is to be diagnosed.

EFFECT: high accuracy and simplicity of diagnosis method; enhanced effectiveness in treating the cases of sialolithiasis, sialoschesis and other salivary gland duct diseases.

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Description

The invention relates to medicine, in particular to a laboratory research method.

It is known that the salivary glands secrete secretion into the oral cavity through the excretory duct system, which contains digestive enzymes amylase, proteinase, lipase, etc. The secretion of the salivary glands mixed in the oral cavity forms saliva, which ensures the formation of a food lump and the beginning of digestion.

In some pathological conditions, a delay in secretion may develop from the excretory ducts of the salivary gland (sialostasis). The cause of sialostasis may be the presence in the duct of the gland of salivary stone (sialolithiasis), a foreign body (villi from the toothbrush, husks of seeds, etc.), narrowing of the excretory duct or its fusion due to trauma or a chronic inflammatory process in the salivary gland.

Stagnation of secretion in the ducts of the gland contributes to the development of a chronic inflammatory process in the gland. In the chronic course of the inflammatory process, iron gradually, over the course of a number of years, becomes denser, while remaining mobile and painless. A viscous secretion with an admixture of mucus flakes, sometimes pus, is released from the duct of the gland. The chronic course of the inflammatory process is more often observed with localization of the stone in the intragland part of the excretory duct. Salivary stone disease with a long course leads to a decrease and cessation of gland function.

A known method for the diagnosis of patency of the ducts of the salivary glands (Prince AN Dotsenko and others. “Radionuclide scanning and radioscintigraphy of the salivary glands." Medradiology, 1985, T.30, No. 12, pp. 69-74). This method is based on the study of patient complaints, as well as the results of sialography - a method of radiopaque or radioisotope studies of the salivary glands, with which visually determine changes in the ducts of the salivary gland during sialostasis.

The disadvantage of this method is its invasiveness. With the introduction of the instrument into the duct, perforation of the duct is possible, which will entail a complication in the form of short-term edema of the salivary gland shortly after examination. In some cases, suppuration may develop.

The task was to eliminate the above drawbacks and create an effective non-invasive diagnostic method that would allow, at an early stage, by saliva of the patient to judge the patency of the ducts of the salivary glands, which would ensure timely targeted treatment.

This is achieved by the fact that in the method for diagnosing patency of the ducts of the salivary glands, two samples of saliva are taken on an empty stomach and after chewing for 5-7 minutes and swallowing saliva, then samples of these samples in an amount of 0.01-0.02 ml per in the form of drops is applied to a fat-free glass slide, dried at a temperature of 18-30 ° C for 4-6 hours, examined under a microscope, and if there are two dried drops of three-beam cracks in the marginal zone, the obstruction of the ducts of the salivary glands is diagnosed.

A prerequisite for the creation of this method was the discovery of the possibility of studying the structure of biological fluids and deciphering the markers of many pathological processes (inflammation, congestion, stone formation, etc. (Shabalin V.N., Shatokhina S.N. Morphology of human biological fluids. M. - 2001. - 303 p.).

In this case, the saliva that accumulates in the oral cavity after sleep is stagnant and therefore a marker of stagnation - three-beam cracks - appears in the dried sample. After swallowing and chewing, stagnation normally disappears and three-beam cracks in the sample disappear. If there is a violation of patency of the salivary glands, then after chewing movements and swallowing, the stagnant contents of the ducts of the salivary glands enter the oral cavity and the dried sample also has a marker of stagnation - three-beam cracks.

The method is as follows.

Saliva in a small amount (1-2 ml) is collected in a clean container immediately after sleep (on an empty stomach). Then, within 5-7 minutes, the patient makes active chewing and swallowing movements, after which saliva in the same amount is collected in another clean container. From each test tube, saliva in the amount of 0.01-0.02 ml in the form of a drop is applied to a defatted glass slide, dried at a temperature of 18-30 ° C for 4-6 hours. Then, the samples are microscopic and a comparative comparison is made: if the sample contains saliva taken after chewing-swallowing movements, small three-beam cracks are determined, the difficulty of outflow from the ducts of the salivary glands is diagnosed. If three-beam cracks are absent, then the ducts of the salivary glands are free.

Example 1

Patient O., 46 years old. Almost healthy. Dispensary examination.

In a comparative study of two samples of saliva, it was found that in both small three-beam cracks are determined (Fig. 1).

Conclusion: impaired patency of the ducts of the salivary glands.

The results of X-ray contrast sialography showed the presence of a small calculus in the intra-iron part of the excretory duct of the parotid salivary gland.

Example 2

Patient D., 26 years old. Almost healthy. Dispensary examination.

In a comparative study of two samples of saliva, it was found that small three-beam cracks are determined in saliva obtained on an empty stomach. In the sample of saliva after chewing, small three-beam cracks were not detected (figure 2).

Conclusion: there was no violation of patency of the ducts of the salivary glands.

Observation of the patient during the year did not reveal signs of sialostasis, salivary stone disease.

The method is technically simple, quickly feasible, can be successfully used as a screening study in the examination of a wide population, and also evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment of sialolithiasis, sialostasis and chronic inflammatory diseases of the salivary glands.

Claims (1)

A method for diagnosing the patency of the ducts of the salivary glands, characterized in that two samples of saliva are taken on an empty stomach and after performing chewing movements and swallowing saliva for 5-7 minutes, then samples of these samples in an amount of 0.01-0.02 ml in the form drops are applied to a fat-free glass slide, dried at a temperature of 18-30 ° C for 4-6 hours, examined under a microscope and, in the presence of both dried drops of three-beam cracks in the marginal zone, the obstruction of the ducts of the salivary glands is diagnosed.

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