RU2235450C2 - Small-sized machine for dewinging, cleaning and sorting of forest crop seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, equipment for mechanized presowing treatment of forest crop seeds.

SUBSTANCE: dewinging, cleaning and sorting machine has frame and feeding hopper equipped with screw-brush type feeder and mounted on frame. Feeding hopper has upper and lower sections communicated with one another through opening arranged in the vicinity of hopper end wall. Side parts of cylindrical walls of hopper lower section are made netted and composed of two longitudinal sections having meshes of different diameters. Machine has cylindrical dewinger with brush members fixed on shaft equipped with drive. Brush members are made in the form of radial bars with pile bundle holders. Length of holders is equal to length of dewinging. Additional brush members made in the form of radial bars are fixed on shaft. Bars are arranged in helical line.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of machine and reduced damage to seeds.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to forestry equipment and is intended for mechanized processing of seeds before sowing.

Known machine MOS-1 for the treatment of forest seeds, consisting of a hopper, agitator, buster, fan, sludge chamber, sieve drum and drive (see book. Technologies, machinery and equipment in forestry. Textbook / L.T. Sviridov, V.I. Vershinin. - Voronezh. State Forestry Acad., 2002, p.186).

The disadvantage of the machine is the cyclical nature of the work, due to the fact that during operation, the machine must be stopped and cleaned to remove large seeds and impurities. In addition, the agitator installed in the hopper unevenly delivers the seeds to the bailer and injures the latter. The irregularity of the supply and the lack of preliminary bleeding of seeds leads to the need to pass the seed material two to three times through the machine, which reduces productivity and significantly increases injury to the seeds.

A known machine for dehumidification of forest seeds, containing a hopper with two parallel screws, tapes which are made in the form of brush elements. The augers have a one-sided winding directed oppositely to one another, and are contacted by brush elements with the bottom of the hopper, which is made in the form of removable nets. Under the hopper there is a mesh-mounted baffle plate. The size of the holes of the removable nets is smaller than the size of the holes of the bottom of the deflector. In the bouncer there are elements fixed on the shaft for separating the wings of seeds (SU, copyright certificate 1628958, class A 01 G 23/00, 1987).

The disadvantage of the machine is its low productivity, caused by the cyclical operation of the machine, the high energy intensity of the feed and preliminary baiting process due to tedding of the entire mass of seeds in the feed hopper, and also due to the fact that this process is carried out by two screw-brush feeders. The lack of reasonable mesh sizes leads to a decrease in the quality of dehumidification. Since the supply of seed material from the hopper to the buster is carried out through an opening located in the central part of the bunker, only a part of the working surface of the nets is effectively used, which also reduces the quality of birch bark.

Closest to the proposed design in technical essence is a small-sized machine for dehumidification, cleaning and sorting of forest seeds, including a dehumidification unit, sieve and air cleaning systems for seedless seeds and a drive. The dehumidification unit consists of a cylindrical dehumidifier with a shaft installed inside it, on which elements for separating the wings of seeds are fixed in the form of radial rods with pile tufts holders, the length of which is equal to the length of the dehumidifier. A feeder placed in the form of a bunker equipped with an auger with two tapes having the opposite direction of winding is placed above the deflector. Between the tapes on the auger shaft to prevent arch formation pins are fixed. The auger tapes are made of braided wires with brush elements placed between them. The cavities of the bunker housing and the hopper are connected by a window located in the center of the hopper. Under the influence of a screw-brush feeder in the hopper, preliminary bleeding of the treated seeds occurs.

In the upper part of the descending section along the rotation of the rotor is placed a hatch for cleaning the bouncer after the completion of the seed treatment cycle. A tray is provided for removing seeds from the drum (see the book. Technologies, machines and equipment in forestry. Textbook / L.T. Sviridov, V.I. Vershinin. - Voronezh. State Forestry Acad., 2002, p. .187-189).

The disadvantage of the machine is its low productivity, due to the fact that after processing the initial heap of seeds, the machine has to be stopped and cleaned of large impurities. Repeated exposure to seedless seeds during operation leads to an increase in their injury.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity of the machine and reduce injury to seeds.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in a small-sized machine for dehumidification, cleaning and sorting of forest seeds, which includes a frame on which a loading hopper with a screw-brush feeder, a cylindrical bailer with brush elements in the form of radial rods fixed to the baffle shaft with holders of pile bundles are placed, the length of which is equal to the length of the buster, sieve and air cleaning systems for seedless seeds and a drive, the hopper of a small-sized machine consists of upper and lower compartments, while A hole for feeding seeds from the upper compartment to the lower compartment is located near the end wall of the hopper, the screw-brush feeder in the lower compartment is made on a single helix, the side parts of the cylindrical walls of the lower compartment of the hopper have a mesh surface consisting of two sections with different cell sizes in length, the cell size of the first section corresponds to the size of the seeds of the fine fraction and impurities, the length of the first section is 0.35 ... 0.40 of the length of the hopper, the cell size of the second section corresponds to the size of the seeds of the middle fraction, and both additional brush elements are fixed, the radial rods of which are mounted along a helical line.

Figure 1 shows a small-sized machine for dehumidification, cleaning and sorting of forest seeds, general view; figure 2 is a section along aa in figure 1.

A small-sized machine for dehumidification, cleaning and sorting of forest seeds contains a frame 1, on which all nodes are attached. The upper 3 and lower 4 compartments of the loading hopper 5 are fixed on a cylindrical baizer 2 mounted on the frame 1. The bottom 6 of the upper compartment 3 is made at an angle greater than the angle of repose of the seeds. Between the bunker compartments there is an opening 7 located at the end wall, equipped with a shutter 8. The lower compartment 4 is made in the form of a drum, inside of which there is a shaft 9 of a screw-brush feeder 10, made on a single-helix line. The cylindrical walls 11 of the lower compartment 4 of the hopper 5 have a mesh surface consisting of two sections with different cell sizes. The cell size of the first section corresponds to the size of the seeds of the fine fraction and impurities. The length of the first section is 0.35 ... 0.4 the length of the hopper. The cell size of the second section corresponds to the size of the seeds of the middle fraction. Inside the deflector 2 on the shaft 12 by means of radial rods 13 brush elements are installed, the length of the holders 14 of which is equal to the length of the deflector. The holders 14 are mounted parallel to the shaft 12. In addition to the brush elements with the holders 14 on the shaft 12, brush elements are installed along the helical line, the length of the holders 15 of which is a multiple of the length of the bailer 2. The bailer 2 has a mesh bottom 16. There is a hole 17 in the end of the bailer 2 to remove large seeds and impurities. The hopper 5 and the buster 2 are connected by an opening 18, the size of which is regulated by the shutter 19. There is a tray 20 for removing seeds and impurities. The air cleaning system contains an aspiration channel 21, a fan 22 and a sediment chamber 23. A small-sized seed cleaning machine for de-dusting, cleaning and sorting forest seeds equipped with a sieve cleaning system for seeds 24 with a set of sieves 25. A small-sized machine for dehumidification, cleaning and sorting of forest seeds is driven from an electric motor 26 through V-belt drives and 27.

Machine for dehumidification, cleaning and sorting of forest seeds works as follows.

In the upper compartment 3 of the hopper 5 load the seeds. Open the shutters 8 and 18. Under the influence of gravity, the seeds evenly flow into the lower compartment 4 of the hopper 5. When the shaft 9 is rotated under the influence of the screw-brush feeder 10, the seeds are intensively mixed and moved in the axial direction. In the process of movement of seeds and impurities along the axis of the hopper 5 on the first section of the mesh surface 11 with a mesh size equal to the size of the seeds of the fine fraction, the seeds of the fine fraction and impurities are released. With an increase in the length of the first section of more than 0.4 length of the hopper, the release of impurities and seeds of the fine fraction practically stops, and with a length of the first section of less than 0.35 of the length of the hopper, the seeds of the fine fraction and impurity are not completely released. With an increase in the length of the second section of the mesh surface 11 of the hopper 5 with a cell size equal to the size of the seeds of the middle fraction, under-treated seeds of the fine fraction appear in the treated mass. With a decrease in the size of the second section of the mesh surface, incomplete separation of the seeds of the middle fraction from the total mass of seeds occurs. Passed through the openings of the nets 11, seeds and impurities along the tray 20 are discharged into the suction channel 21 of the air cleaning system. Seeds and impurities of a large fraction, which did not pass through the openings of the nets 11, through the hole 18 fall into the bailer 2. Under the action of the brush elements 14, the seeds move in the radial direction and, passing through the holes of the mesh 16 of the bailer 2, fall on the tray 17. Seeds that did not pass through the openings of the nets 16 of the bailer 2, under the action of the brushes 15 they move axially towards the discharge opening 17 and fall on the tray 20. On the tray 20, the processed seeds and impurities are transferred to the suction channel 21 of the air system cleaning, where the separation of light impurities deposited in the sedimentation chamber 23. After air cleaning, seeds and heavy impurities enter the sieve mill 24, where on the sieves 25 they are finally cleaned and divided into three fractions: fine, medium and large.

A small-sized machine for dehumidification, cleaning and sorting of forest seeds ensures the continuity of the technological process of dehumidification, cleaning and sorting of forest seeds, reducing trauma due to the sequential separation of seeds of various fractions through the openings of the nets of the hopper of the feeder and baiting machine for dehumidification, cleaning and sorting of forest seeds. Due to the reduction of the multiplicity of exposure to seeds of small and medium fractions, seed injury is reduced by 45-50%. Due to the continuity of the technological process, the productivity of this machine exceeds the productivity of the known machine by 1.5 ... 1.7 times.

Claims (1)

A small-sized machine for dehumidifying, cleaning and sorting forest seeds, including a frame on which a loading hopper with a screw-brush feeder is placed, a cylindrical bailer with brush elements in the form of radial rods fixed to the bailer shaft with pile beam holders, the length of which is equal to the length of the bailer, system sieve and air cleaning of seedless seeds and a drive, characterized in that the hopper of a small-sized machine consists of upper and lower compartments, with a hole for the hearth the number of seeds from the upper compartment to the lower is located at the end wall of the hopper, the screw-brush feeder in the lower compartment is made by a single helix, the side parts of the cylindrical walls of the lower compartment of the hopper have a mesh surface, consisting of two sections with different cell sizes in length, mesh size the first section corresponds to the size of the seeds of small fractions and impurities, the length of the first section is 0.35 ... 0.40 of the length of the hopper, the cell size of the second section corresponds to the size of the seeds of the middle fraction, and on the deflector shaft additional brush elements are fastened, the radial rods of which are installed along a helical line.

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