RU2233758C1 - Passenger car air conditioning system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; railway transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to air conditioning devices for vehicles, including rail cars. Proposed passenger car air conditioning system includes monoblock air conditioner installed in ceiling space of car vestibule and containing cooling machine, outside air recirculating air suction branch pipes, branch pipe for delivering air processed in air conditioner into central air duct and unit to distribute conditioned air between compartments. Air conditioner contains additionally branch pipe to deliver conditioned air into central air duct installed in car. Unit to distribute conditioned air between compartments includes device for partial mixing of flows of outside and recirculating air and device for individual delivery and regulation of recirculating air.

EFFECT: enlarged air parameters control range, improved air distribution between compartments, possibility of individual control of air parameters.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for railway transport, providing comfortable conditions for passengers in cars, in particular to air conditioning systems.

Known air conditioning system (SCR) on passenger cars, consisting of a two-unit air conditioner, the compressor and condenser unit is located under the car, and the air-cooling unit is above the inlet, and the air-cooling unit has air pipes for suctioning the external and recirculating air and supplying the treated air to interior along the central duct, and devices for the purchase of air distribution [1].

A disadvantage of the known SLE is the cumbersomeness of the air conditioner, low reliability, a small regulation range and the inability to individually control the air parameters in the compartment.

The closest technical solution to the claimed object of the invention, adopted as a prototype, is an air conditioning system consisting of a monoblock air conditioner located in the ceiling space above the vestibule of the car, having nozzles for sucking in external and recirculating air and supplying the air processed in the air conditioner to the central duct with devices distributing it [2].

The disadvantage of this SCR is also a small regulation range, poor air distribution in the compartment and the inability to individually control the air parameters in each compartment.

The aim of the present invention is the creation of such an air conditioning system, which would provide an increase in the range of regulation of air parameters, improve air distribution in the compartment and create conditions for individual regulation of air parameters.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the claimed air conditioning system containing a monoblock air conditioner located in the ceiling space of the platform of the railway carriage, which includes at least one refrigeration machine and at least one suction pipe for external and recirculated air, as well as a pipe for supplying treated in an air conditioner in a central duct with at least one air distribution unit, according to the invention, the air conditioner further comprises It holds a pipe for supplying the air processed in it to the central duct additionally installed in the car, and the purchase air distribution unit consists of a device for partially mixing the flows of external and recirculated air and a device for individually supplying and regulating recirculated air.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by the description with reference to the drawings, where

figure 1 - schematic diagram of one of the options for the implementation of SLE of the car;

figure 2 is a schematic hydraulic diagram of an SCR of an air-conditioned car having one refrigeration machine;

figure 3 is a schematic hydraulic diagram of an SCR of an air-conditioned car having two refrigerators.

The air conditioning system (SCR) of the passenger car (Fig. 1) consists of a central air conditioner of monoblock design 1, in which there are nozzles 2 for suction and a nozzle 3 for removing outside air cooling the condensers of the refrigeration machine, at least one nozzle 4 for suctioning the outer air and nozzles 5 for suction of recirculated air and nozzles connected to the supply air ducts 6 and 7, on which silencers are located 8. In each compartment of the car, devices are provided for exhausting spirit of the ducts 6 and 7. Moreover, at the outlet of the duct 7 is installed diffuser 9, and of a duct 6 - with individual diffuser 10 control valve 11 is provided between the output of the mixing duct 12 with a valve.

The composition of the monoblock air conditioner 1 (figure 2) includes a refrigeration machine with one compressor 13, with condensers 14 and fans 15, which ensure their cooling. On the one hand, in the supply air processing compartment, an air filter 16, an electric air heater 17, a water heater 18, an air cooler 19 and a recirculation air supply fan 20. are arranged in series on the other hand. On the other hand, a recirculation air valve 21, an outdoor air valve 22 are arranged relative to the air ducts 6 and 7, air filter 16, electric air heater 17, water heater 18, air cooler 23 and fresh air blower 24.

The composition of the monoblock air conditioner 1 with two refrigeration machines (Fig. 3) in addition to the equipment listed includes a refrigeration compressor 25. Moreover, each compressor 13 and 25 is combined with its elements to form separate refrigeration machines designed to handle various air flows. Chillers have the ability to reverse the operating mode from cooling mode to heat pump mode. Refrigeration compressors have the ability to smoothly control the frequency performance. All fans also have the ability to smoothly control the frequency of rotation of the impellers.

The work of SLE of a railway carriage is as follows.

The outside air processed in the air conditioner coming in through the pipe 4 or a mixture of external and recirculated air is supplied to the supply air duct 7, and the recirculated air processed in the air conditioner coming through the pipe 5 is fed into the supply air duct 6.

The treated external and recirculated air enters the carriage through separate air ducts 6 and 7. Pass through the silencers 8, and then through the exhausts enter a separate compartment, where the recirculated air is partially mixed with the outside using valve 12 and the mixture is supplied in the compartment through the air distributor 9. The rest of the recirculation air is supplied to at least one local air distributor 10 with the possibility of individual control of the flow by each passenger using at least -stand of the valve housing 11. In the air conditioner 1 located equipment for cooling and heating of the treated air. The air cooling cycle is carried out in the following sequence. The compressor 13 compresses the vapor to a condensing pressure. Then the steam through the pipelines enters the condensers 14, where it condenses due to the heat removed by the outside air. External air into the air conditioner 1 enters through the nozzles 2. Then, the fans 15 are blown through the condensers 14 and discharged through the nozzle 3. The liquid refrigerant is piped to the air coolers 19 and 23, in which it is boiled by cooling the air. Moreover, in the air cooler 19, only the recirculated air is cooled, which enters the air conditioner 1 through the nozzle 5. And in the air cooler 24, either the external air entering the air conditioner through the nozzle 4 and the outdoor air valve 22 is processed, or only the recirculated air entering the air conditioner 1 through pipe 5 and valve 21, or a mixture of external and recirculation.

The resulting refrigerant vapor in the air coolers 19 and 24 through the pipelines enters the compressor 13.

In the operation mode of the air conditioner “heat pump”, the processed air is heated.

In the “heating” operating mode, the chiller of the air conditioner 1 does not work. The air is heated in electric heaters 17 and in liquid heaters 18. The hot coolant in the heaters 18 and 23 comes from the car’s liquid heating system.

Regulation of the car air conditioning system is possible with:

1) individual air distributors 10 with valves 11 in each compartment;

2) radial supply fans 20 and 24, having valve motors with the ability to smoothly change the speed;

3) compressor 13 with frequency control.

Significantly greater ability to regulate the performance of the air conditioner 1 and maintain the required parameters in the compartment has an air conditioner, which includes two independent refrigeration machines (figure 3).

The operation of this air conditioner is as follows.

The compressor 13, the condenser 14 and the air cooler 23, connected by pipelines to the control valves, are designed to process either external or a mixture of external and recirculated air.

Compressor 25, condenser 14, air cooler 19 are designed to handle only recirculated air.

Since the chillers operate independently of each other, but are controlled by the same parameter - the air temperature in the compartment, it becomes possible with a significant reduction in heat load not only to reduce the speed of the compressors, but also to turn them off in the following sequence: first, compressor 26, while the recirculated air will be supplied to the car without cooling, and the outside air will be cooled using its refrigeration machine, which includes a compressor 13; then, with a further decrease in the heat load, the compressor 13 is turned off, while operating at the minimum frequency.

The speed of the supply fan 24 depends on the outdoor temperature and the number of passengers in the car. And the frequency of the supply fan 20 depends on the air pressure in the supply air duct 6, and with increasing pressure, the performance of the fan 20 decreases. The pressure in the duct depends on the position of the individual control valves 11.

The frequency of rotation of the fans 15 depends on the condensing pressure of the refrigerant in the condensers 14 and on the operating mode of the chiller (cooling or heating in the “heat pump”). In the “heat pump” mode, the rotational speed of the fans 15 is not regulated, but is maintained at maximum.

Sources of information

1. Ventilation systems and air conditioning installations. Wagons / Ed. L.D. Kuzmina. - M., Mechanical Engineering, 1978.

2. Manual for installation and operation of UKV-31.RE. JSC “Island” Moscow, 2000

Claims (1)

Passenger car air conditioning system, including a monoblock air conditioner located in the ceiling space of the car’s vestibule, containing at least one refrigeration machine, at least one suction pipe for external and recirculated air, and also a pipe for supplying the air processed in the air conditioner to the central an air duct with at least one air distribution unit, characterized in that the air conditioner further comprises a pipe for supplying the air processed therein the ear into the central air duct additionally installed in the carriage, and the purchase air distribution unit consists of a device for partially mixing the flows of external and recirculated air and a device for individually supplying and regulating recirculated air.

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