RU2232863C2 - Craneless method for mounting and dismounting drilling derricks, mast and tower constructions with enlarged sections - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil, gas and water examination technology.

SUBSTANCE: method includes assembly by enlarged sections by means of two sets of pulleys which are connected by equalizing block, while fixed set of pulleys is fixed to an anchor on the ground, and moveable block is suspended on carrying tractions and it is placed higher than fixed block, two flat quadrangular, self-lifting, vertically placed outside of two opposite sides of derrick or frames construction which are connected by two horizontal pipe beams, having capability for fixing or defixing on third side of mounted section of derrick or construction, or on mounted section in four points. Frames are provided with iron rings with rollers which are extended and fixed in several intermediate positions depending on section dimensions. On rollers carrying and rotating tractions are freely placed. Carrying traction by one end is connected to one of iron rings, and by other end is fixed or defixed on moveable set of pulleys, prior to which a frame is fixed on previously mounted section of derrick or construction with capability for performing function of tower crane boom with fixed overhang for vertical transportation or joint connection of mounted section to previously mounted section of derrick or construction, and then frame is fixed on raises and jointly fixed mounted section. Rotating traction is fixed on moveable set of pulleys forming a lever for rotating mounted section for 180°, while concurrently frame is raised to height of section and increasing breaking moment is created by means of variably shoulder of counterweight relatively to joints.

EFFECT: simplified operations of assembling, higher reliability of method.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of installation of drilling rigs, mast and tower structures.

The closest analogue of the invention is the "Method of installation of tower and mast structures using a crank mechanism" according to RU 2091549 C1, cl. E 04 H 12/00, 09/27/1997.

The essence of the analogue: on the lower part of the structure mounted by one of the traditional methods (by crane, mast), two pulley blocks with one common cable are fixed from the outside, then a rigid block, enlarged on the ground, consisting of several spatial sections that are rigidly interconnected by one face by two with flat hinges, and on the opposite side with temporary bolts, they are fed upward in a vertical position with the help of pulley belts and guy rods, and its upper end is fixed to the upper part of a previously mounted structure two hinges.

The lower movable pulleys are connected to the bottom of the hanging vertical unit.

Remove the temporary bolts between the two upper sections, leave the hinges. The block is thus turned into a crank mechanism, in which the crank is the upper section, the connecting rod is a rigid block consisting of lower sections. After turning on the electric hoists of the chain hoists to lift, the bottom of the connecting rod slides along the temporary guides, rising up, and the upper section, after turning 180 ° and securing it, takes the design position, the connecting rod hangs on hinges and after removing the temporary bolts between the two upper sections of the connecting rod turns into a new crank mechanism in the starting position to start a new cycle.

Thus, all sections of the initially suspended block are successively turned first into a crank, then into the trunk of the structure, with the last section being mounted using a false section used as a connecting rod.

In this way, a tower was built in Nefteyugansk with a height of 75 m in 1997.

The disadvantages of the described analogue are as follows:

a) the need to lift the stationary blocks of the chain hoists every two lifting sections (cranks);

b) the chain hoists are united by one common cable, which makes it difficult to work when lifting the stationary blocks of the chain hoists (twisting, pulling together the chain hoists to each other);

c) the complexity of the work when joining the bottom of the connecting rod and new sections, it is necessary to carry out several operations at once (pulling the bottom of the connecting rod, aiming, installing the hinge axes), which requires highly qualified fitters;

d) creation with the help of jacks or a delay of the initial arrow of the deflection at the joints of the hinge of the crank and connecting rod to effect the rotation of the crank under the action of forces in the chain hoists.

The task of the invention is to remedy these shortcomings of the analogue, simplifying all installation operations, retaining the positive features: installation of enlarged sections, rotation around the hinges.

This task is achieved by the method of craneless mounting of derricks, towers and mast structures in enlarged sections, according to which the enlargement of enlarged sections is carried out using two pulley blocks, which are joined by a leveling block, the fixed pulley block being fixed to the anchor on the ground, and the movable block hangs on cargo rods and it is located above the fixed block, two flat quadrangular, self-lifting, vertically located on the outside two opposite sides of the tower or is built frames, which are interconnected by two horizontal tubular beams that can be fixed or unlocked on the third face of the mounted section of the tower or structure, or on the mounted section at four points, the frames providing cages with rollers at the corners that extend and fix in several intermediate positions depending on the dimensions of the section, while the load and rotary rods are freely located on the rollers, and the cargo rod is connected at one end to the moving block of the chain block and the other the end - with a cargo hook, and the rotary link at one end is connected to one of the cages, and the other end is fixed or unlocked on the moving block of the pulley block, while at the beginning the frame is fixed on a previously mounted section of the tower or structure with the ability to perform the functions of an arrow of a tower crane with a fixed departure for vertical transportation and hinging the mounted section to the previously mounted section of the tower or structure, and then the frame is fixed on a raised and pivotally mounted mounted sec uu and pivot rod fixed to the movable pulley block unit, forming a lever mounted to pivot about the hinge section 180 °, wherein the lifting frame is made simultaneously to the height of the section and created an increasing braking torque arm via varying counterweight about the hinges.

The common tackle cable is divided into two, each tackle has its own separate cable and for aligning the speed of winding the cable on the winch drum (it is known that the speed of winding the cable on the drum for two identical brands of winches from one manufacturer is different, which creates a skew of the lifting section) combine equalization unit 16 immediately after the release of the cables from the winches.

In the proposed method, in contrast to the analogue, the fixed pulley block is anchored to the ground, and the movable block 14 hangs on a cargo cable 6, freely lying on the wide rollers of the cage 5, and the movable block 14 is always above the stationary one. This avoids the main disadvantage of the analogue - the periodic rearrangement of the fixed block chain hoist. The clips 5 are located in the corners of two flat quadrangular self-lifting frames 3, vertically located outside of two opposite faces of the structure, which are interconnected by two tubular horizontal beams 4.

The frames have the ability to fix or unlock on the third face of the mounted part of the structure (mounted section) or on the mounted section at four points.

Clips 5 with rollers extend and fix in several intermediate positions depending on the dimensions of the section.

The rollers in the cages have conical flanges, the vertices of which converge on the middle of the roller axis so that the traction cables are always located in the middle of the roller, and a significant width of the rollers of about 200 mm compensates for slight distortions of the frame and manufacturing inaccuracies.

On the rollers of the cage 5, freight 6 and rotary 7 cable rods lie freely.

The cargo rods at one end are connected to the moving block of the chain hoist through the load roller 15, the other end is connected to the cargo hook 12, and the mass of the cargo hook must be greater than the total mass of the moving block of the chain hoist and the chain hoists to freely lower the hook down.

Pivoting rods 7 are connected at one end to a yoke 5, at the other end to a movable pulley block, moreover, they can be fixed or unlocked on the pulley block.

The counterweight 9 is hung on a tubular console 10, the axis of which coincides with the axis of the hinges and is necessary when turning the mounted section to create a braking moment at a time when the center of gravity of the total mass of the mounted section and frames 3 intersects the vertical plane passing through the hinges.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the derrick (structure) for offshore four-hole drilling from one base of the American company "Lee Moore", divided into enlarged sections.

Figure 2 shows a cross section of the tower bb, which shows that one face of the drilling tower is open.

Figure 3 shows in plan a previously mounted part of a derrick (structure) 1, a mounted enlarged section 2, frames 3, a horizontal tubular beam 4, clips with rollers 5, on which are cargo rods 6 and rotary rods 7, a counter load 9 of steel pipes filled with sand or shot, tubular consoles 10 and 11, cross-beam 13, movable pulley block 14, load link roller 15 located on the movable pulley block, leveling block of rollers 16 for aligning the speed of winding the rope on the winch drums, guy wires 17, which used They are used for vertical transportation of mounted sections.

Figure 4 shows a diagram of the vertical lifting section and the relative position of all the main elements of the lifting device.

Figure 5 shows the traverse-pallet 13 with mounted section 2, tubular beams 4 connected to the frames 3, hinges 8.

Figure 6 shows the start of rotation around the hinges 8 of the mounted section, where it can be seen that the swivel rods are fixed at one end on the movable block 14, and the other at the clip 5.

In Fig.7 shows the end of rotation of the mounted section 2 and the inclusion of the maximum braking torque created by the counterweight 9.

Frames 3 in a fixed on a previously mounted part of the structure 1 (previously mounted section) perform the functions of a crane jib with a fixed reach for the vertical transportation of the section and connected by hinges 8.

After connecting the mounted section to the previously mounted part of the structure (the previously mounted section), the hinges lower the yoke-pallet down and sequentially perform the simplest operations:

a) lift the counterweight 9 and hang on the tubular console 10;

b) fix the frame 3 on the mounted section;

c) frame 3 is unlocked on the previously mounted part of the structure (previously mounted section);

g) fix the end of the rotary rod 7 on the moving block pulley 14.

After the end of these operations, the frames 3 perform the second function - the function of the lever, which forces in the chain hoists through the rotary rods turn around the hinges 8, the mounted section 2 is rotated at the same time and the frames 3 and cargo rods 6 are automatically raised to the height of the mounted section, and gradually, smoothly, automatically the braking moment from the counterweight 9 is turned on, and it turns on at the right time when the section begins to cross a vertical line passing through the hinges 8 and reaches a maximum value in m The moment of adoption of the design position by the mounted section.

After securing the mounted section in the design position, the end of the rotary link is unlocked on the moving block of the chain block, the counterweight 9 is re-positioned, and the whole cycle of mounting the next section is repeated again.

From all this it is clear that all the work of assembling the enlarged sections is divided into a number of simple sequentially performed operations that do not require highly qualified installers.

Claims (1)

The method of craneless mounting of derricks, towers and mast structures in enlarged sections, according to which the enlargement of enlarged sections is carried out using two tackles, characterized in that the tackles are combined with a leveling block, the fixed tackle block being fixed to the anchor on the ground, and the movable block is hanging on cargo rods and it is located above the fixed block, while the installation is carried out using two flat quadrangular, self-lifting, vertically located on the outside of two opposite false faces of the tower or the framework, which are interconnected by two horizontal tubular beams that can be fixed or unlocked on the third face of the mounted section of the tower or structure, or on the mounted section at four points, and the frames provide cages with rollers at the corners that extend and fixed in several intermediate positions depending on the dimensions of the section, while on the rollers freight and rotary rods are freely positioned, moreover, the cargo rod is connected at one end to the slide the tackle block and the other end with a cargo hook, the rotary link being connected at one end to one of the clips and the other end is fixed or unlocked on the tackle block, the frame is first fixed on a previously mounted section of the tower or structure with the possibility of performing it the functions of the boom of a tower crane with a fixed reach for vertical transportation and hinging the mounted section to the previously mounted section of the tower or structure, and then the frame is fixed on the raised and the hinges but fixed section mounted and fixed to a rotatable rod movable pulley block unit, forming a lever mounted to pivot about the hinge section 180 °, wherein the lifting frame is made simultaneously to the height of the section and created an increasing braking torque arm via varying counterweight about the hinges.

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