RU2231763C1 - Rotor automatic balancer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention is designed for balancing rotating members of machines and mechanisms. Proposed automatic balancer contains balancing chamber installed on supports and filled with solidifiable material. Used as said materials are low-melting materials capable of repeatedly changing their aggregative state. Solidifiable material plays part of balancing mass. Balancing chamber is partially filled with solidifiable, material and it is made in form of hollow cylinder located inside rotor. Expanding clutch is installed on rotor shaft which, under action of centrifugal forces caused by vibration and unbalance of rotor rotating at working frequency, sets into operation an electric generator installed preliminarily coaxially with rotor. Current leads of electric generator are connected to electric heating spiral located on inner walls of balancing chamber.

EFFECT: improved reliability of device used at different operating conditions of rotation systems.

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Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used to automatically balance the rotating elements of machines and mechanisms.

A device for automatic balancing of rotors is known (1. Kozin VM, Shekun GD Patent of the Russian Federation and RU 2189021 C1, 09/10/2002) containing a balancing chamber mounted on bearing supports filled with a hardening fluid, while the balancing chamber is carried out in in the form of a hollow cylinder located inside the rotor. Piezoelectric elements are installed in the nests of the bearing bearings, which are closed by current conductors to an electric heating coil located on the inner walls of the balancing chamber, and fusible substances with the ability to repeatedly change their state of aggregation are used as hardening material. The hardening material functions as a balancing mass, and the balancing chamber is partially filled with the hardening material.

The disadvantage of this solution is the complexity and unreliability of the device in operation.

The task of the invention is to simplify the design of the balancing device.

The technical result achieved by solving the problem is to increase the reliability of the device when it is used in various operating modes of rotational systems.

The essential features characterizing the invention.

Restrictive signs:

A device for automatic balancing of rotors containing a balancing chamber mounted on supports filled with hardening material, which is used as fusible materials, which are able to repeatedly change their state of aggregation, moreover, the hardening material acts as a balancing mass, the balancing chamber is partially filled with hardening material and is carried out in in the form of a hollow cylinder located inside the rotor.

Features:

A centrifugal clutch is installed on the rotor shaft, which, due to additional centrifugal forces arising from vibration caused by the imbalance of the rotor when it rotates with the operating frequency, drives an electric current generator pre-coaxially mounted with the rotor, the current conductors of which are closed by an electric heating spiral located on the inside walls of the balancing chamber.

It is known (2. Shekun GD RF Patent No. 2118805) that a substance in a fluid state and partially filling the balancing chamber when the rotor speed changes under the action of inertial forces flows into the chamber cavity farthest from the axis of rotation, occupying such an angular and radial position , which is spatially opposite to the unbalanced (excess) mass, i.e. The “heavy” part of the rotational system. Thus, having the property of initial fluidity, the substance (balancing mass) is concentrated on the side of the “light” part of the rotational system. Using this effect can significantly reduce the gradient of oppositely directed dynamic forces. The use of substances having the property of hardening with simultaneous setting with the walls of the chamber eliminates the subsequent overflow of the balancing mass, which helps to stabilize the dynamic system at the operating rotational speed of the rotor.

If it becomes necessary to balance the rotor during its operation, thermal energy is supplied to the hardened substance. In this case, the substance, possessing the property of changing its state of aggregation, assumes the fluid state again and the process of automatic balancing of the rotational system resumes. Since the imbalance of the rotational system inevitably leads to rotor vibration and the appearance of additional centrifugal forces in addition to the main ones (in the absence of vibration), it becomes possible to use this phenomenon to obtain a source of thermal energy by “turning” the proposed device into operation. In this case, the device will “turn on” automatically.

The invention is as follows.

A centrifugal clutch is installed on the shaft of the balancing chamber, partially filled with fusible material, for example, Wood’s alloy, and an electric current generator, for example magneto, is aligned with the shaft. The clutch is adjusted so that it rotates the generator only due to the centrifugal forces additional to the main (with a balanced rotor) arising from vibration caused by the imbalance of the rotor during its rotation with the operating frequency. The current generated by the generator through the conductors is closed on an electric heating spiral, which is located on the inner walls of the balancing chamber.

When an unbalanced rotor rotates due to additional centrifugal forces, the clutch will rotate a generator that generates current, the value of which will melt the fusible material of the balancing mass. When the rotor rotates with a supercritical frequency, the molten material, which acts as a balancing mass, will take the optimal location inside the balancing chamber and ensure the balance of the system. After the moment of balance, the vibration of the rotor and additional centrifugal forces disappear. The rotor speed is reduced. The clutch will shut off the generator, which will stop the flow of thermal energy. Due to the natural dissipation of energy (the ambient temperature should be lower than the melting point of the substance), the temperature of the balancing mass will decrease and it will harden, which will fix the balance of the system.

With subsequent occurrence of rotor imbalances during its operation, balancing will occur automatically according to the above scheme.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows an example of its implementation.

A centrifugal clutch 4 and a generator 5 are installed on the shaft 1 of the balancing chamber 2, partially filled with fusible material 3. By means of the conductors 6, the generator 5 is closed on an electric heating coil 7. The current generated by the generator 5 when the rotor 8 rotates with a frequency ω will melt the material 3, which will take from position 9 optimal position 10 inside the balancing chamber 2.

Claims (1)

A device for automatic balancing of rotors containing a balancing chamber mounted on supports filled with hardening material, which is used as fusible materials, which are able to repeatedly change their state of aggregation, moreover, the hardening material acts as a balancing mass, the balancing chamber is partially filled with hardening material and is carried out in the form of a hollow cylinder located inside the rotor, characterized in that the rotor shaft is mounted ayut centrifugal clutch, which due to centrifugal forces arising from the vibration caused by unbalance of the rotor during its rotation with the operating frequency, results in rotation preset coaxially with the rotor of an electric current generator, which conductors are closed on the electric heating coil disposed on the inner walls of the balancing chamber.