RU2265814C1 - Device for automatic balancing of rotors - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises balancing chamber mounted in bearings. The chamber is filled with the solidified material made of low-melting matter which can change its state of aggregation many times. The solidified material is the balancing mass. The balancing chamber is filled with the solidified material only in part and is made of the hollow cylinder mounted inside the rotor. The change of the state of aggregation of the low-melting matter is provided by the piezoelements which are mounted inside the balancing chamber on the shaft of the rotor made of conducting material. The shaft is mounted vertically. The members are arranged above the level of the solidified material.

EFFECT: enhanced reliability.

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Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used to balance the rotating elements of machines and mechanisms.

A device is known for automatic balancing of rotors (1. V.M. Kozin, G.D.Shekun. Patent of the Russian Federation and RU 2189021 C1, 09/10/2002), comprising a balancing chamber mounted on bearing bearings filled with hardening fluid, while the balancing chamber is carried out in the form of a hollow cylinder located inside the rotor. Piezoelectric elements are installed in the nests of the bearing bearings, which are closed by current conductors to an electric heating coil located on the inner walls of the balancing chamber, and fusible substances with the ability to repeatedly change their state of aggregation are used as hardening material. The hardening material functions as a balancing mass, and the balancing chamber is partially filled with the hardening material.

The disadvantage of this solution is the complexity and unreliability of the device in operation.

The task of the invention is to simplify the design of the balancing device.

The technical result achieved by solving the problem is to increase the reliability of the device when it is used in various operating modes of rotational systems.

The essential features characterizing the invention.

Restrictive signs:

A device for balancing rotors containing a balancing chamber mounted on supports filled with a hardening material, which is used as fusible materials capable of repeatedly changing its state of aggregation, the hardening material acting as a balancing mass, the balancing chamber is partially filled with a hardening material and is made in the form hollow cylinder located inside the rotor, and to change the state of aggregation of the low-melting substance use piezoelectric elements.

Features:

Piezoelectric elements are installed inside the balancing chamber on the rotor shaft made of conductive material, while the shaft is installed in a vertical position, and the elements are placed at a level above the level of the hardening material.

It is known (2. Shekun GD RF Patent No. 2118805) that a substance in a fluid state and partially filling the balancing chamber, when the rotor speed changes under the action of inertial forces, flows into the chamber cavity farthest from the axis of rotation, occupying such an angular and radial a position that is spatially opposite to an unbalanced (excess) mass, i.e. "Heavy" part of the rotational system. Thus, having the property of initial fluidity, the substance (balancing mass) is concentrated on the side of the “light” part of the rotational system. Using this effect can significantly reduce the gradient of oppositely directed dynamic forces. The use of substances having the property of hardening with simultaneous setting with the walls of the chamber eliminates the subsequent overflow of the balancing mass, which helps to stabilize the dynamic system at the operating rotational speed of the rotor.

If it becomes necessary to balance the rotor during its operation, thermal energy is supplied to the hardened substance. In this case, the substance, possessing the property of changing its state of aggregation, assumes the fluid state again and the process of automatic balancing of the rotational system resumes.

Since the imbalance of the rotational system inevitably leads to rotor vibration and, consequently, to bending vibrations (deformations) of the rotor shaft, piezoelectric elements installed inside the balancing chamber on the rotor shaft can be used as a source of thermal energy. If the shaft is made of a conductive material, and the outputs (contacts) of the piezoelectric elements are shorted to this material, then from the deformation of the rotor shaft the piezoelectric elements will begin to generate electric current, which, passing through the material of the rotor shaft, will heat the latter. From the heat source thus created, the fusible material that fills the chamber and acts as a balancing mass will melt, which will lead to the balance of the rotational system at the supercritical rotor speed.

The invention is as follows.

The balancing chamber is made in the form of a hollow cylinder located inside the rotor, and is placed on the rotor shaft, while the shaft is made of thermally conductive material and installed in a vertical position. Piezoelectric elements are installed on the rotor shaft inside the balancing chamber, which is supported by the supports, whose contacts are closed on the rotor shaft. The balancing chamber is partially filled with a hardening material of fusible material with a high specific gravity, for example, Wood alloy. If during rotation of the rotor an imbalance of the rotational system occurs, then the vibration transmitted through the rotor shaft to the piezoelectric elements leads to deformation of the latter and the corresponding excitation of the electric current. To ensure the deformation of the piezoelectric elements when the material is solidified, they are placed at a level above the level of the hardening material. The closed contacts of the piezoelectric elements on the rotor shaft will cause it to heat up and melt the hardening material and, as a result, acquire the fluidity as the latter. When the rotor rotates with a supercritical frequency, the molten material, which acts as a balancing mass, will take the optimal location inside the balancing chamber and ensure the balance of the system. After the moment of balance, the vibration of the rotor will stop and, accordingly, the flow of thermal energy into the balancing chamber will stop. The material of the balancing mass hardens and the rotational system takes a balanced state. When the rotor imbalance reoccurs during its operation, balancing is carried out automatically according to the above scheme.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing.

Piezoelectric elements 3 are installed on the shaft 1 of the balancing chamber 2. When the unbalanced rotor 4 is rotated, the piezoelectric elements 3 will begin to generate an electric current that will heat the shaft 1. The heat generation will melt the balancing mass 5, which will take the optimal position 7 from position 6 at the supercritical speed ω.

Claims (1)

A device for automatic balancing of rotors containing a balancing chamber mounted on supports filled with hardening material, which is used as fusible materials, which are able to repeatedly change their state of aggregation, moreover, the hardening material acts as a balancing mass, the balancing chamber is partially filled with hardening material and is carried out in as a hollow cylinder located inside the rotor, and to change the state of aggregation vkogo piezoelectric substance is used, characterized in that the piezo elements mounted within the chamber balancing the rotor shaft made of a conductive material, wherein the shaft is set upright, and piezoelectric elements arranged on a layer above the solidifying material.