RU2231728C1 - Loading system of automatic artillery mount - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: artillery.

SUBSTANCE: the loading system has a mechanism for cartridge replenishment, fan-type conveyer, device for depression of cartridges to the feed line and a feed rib. The fan-type conveyer comprises a drive sprocket, the first driven sprocket, whose axis coincides with the axis of the journals, the second driven sprocket kinematically linked with the drive sprocket and positioned in parallel with the first driven sprocket, six guides for cartridges and four guides for the links of the fan-type conveyer. Provision is also made for a cartridge distribution mechanism and a control mechanism of engagement of the fan-type conveyer with the replenishment mechanism. The fan-type conveyer drive mechanism engageable with the roller of the recoiling parts is made in the form of a hollow cylinder, having two first helical grooves and two second helical grooves, located uniformly in circumference, the two first helical grooves are made with a left-handed thread, the two second grooves are made with a right-handed thread, and the values of their pitches are directly proportional to the maximum values of the half-cycle speeds of motion of the recoiling parts in recoil and counterrecoil. The grooves of the adjacent pairs of grooves intersect on the one side in the first and second points, which correspond to the minimum allowable value of recoil of the recoiling parts, and on the other side they intersect in the third and fourth points corresponding to the length of recoil equal to zero. The first and second helical grooves of the adjacent pairs of grooves after intersection smoothly turn into the first and second rectangular grooves respectively. In the hollow drum provision is made for two pairs of coaxially positioned spring-loaded valves placed in two through cross-sectional cylindrical holes. The control device of the fan-type conveyer drive mechanism is made in the form of a third shaft rigidly and coaxially fastened on the hollow drum.

EFFECT: reduced mass and overall dimension characteristics of the automatic artillery mount, as well as enhanced reliability and capacity of its loading system.

3 cl, 24 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of artillery, and more specifically to loading systems for automatic artillery installations, placed on carriers of various types and designed to destroy air, surface, coastal and ground targets.

The modern automatic artillery installation (AAU) is a complex system of mechanisms and assemblies providing high reliability and reliability, a high rate of fire and minimal weight and size characteristics.

One of the most important mechanisms of an automatic artillery installation is the loading system (SZ), which must meet the following requirements:

- to provide reliable and uninterrupted supply of cartridges for an artillery gun (AO) with a productivity corresponding to the rate of fire of an automatic artillery mount;

- have minimal weight and size characteristics;

- to ensure such survivability of the elements of the loading system so that the planned preventive replacement of its elements is carried out simultaneously with the next replacement of the AO barrel (or not replaced at all during the life of the artillery gun);

- provide free access to cartridges for inspections;

- the equipment of the cartridge loading system should be convenient, without the application of significant calculation efforts and without the use of special complex devices;

- the extraction of cartridges from the loading system should be carried out quickly, without the application of significant calculation efforts;

- the links of the charging system should be simple in design and manufacturable;

- provide the possibility of firing in case of failure of the recharge mechanism with single shots or short bursts;

- to provide reliable fixation of cartridges located in the path of the loading system both during firing and on the march;

- the design of the charging system should be simple, providing maintenance with a minimum amount of calculation;

- the design of the charging system should provide insignificant loads acting on the drive and on the elements of the charging system.

Currently, a number of different solutions are known in the field of creating automatic artillery loading systems.

Known, for example, the loading system of an automatic artillery installation according to US patent N 2986074, N. Cl. 89-33, 1961, including a receiver and a sprocket with three rows of teeth located parallel to the axis of the bore, interacting with the link tape; motionless copy extractors (front and back); pressure supports (front and rear) and rammer tray.

In this AAU charging system, the link tape consists of rigid brackets pivotally connected to each other (to ensure coverage of the sprocket) and the links fixed to them having two punchings to provide direction during movement and interaction with extractors, as well as two spring clips covering the cartridge from above and ensuring its fixation relative to the link.

When the sprocket wheel (driven by sliding parts) is rotated in the feed direction, the link belt moves. In the area of the rammer tray, copier extractors enter their space with the pointed tips into the space between the stampings of the link and the cartridge, separating it from the link and directing it using the pressure supports through a special window into the rammer tray.

The advantages of such a loading system include the reliable fixation of the cartridge relative to the link, the reliable supply of a cartridge to an artillery gun at a sufficiently high rate of fire.

But, on the other hand, the described loading system has the following disadvantages:

- low reliability due to the high complexity of the design;

- low survivability of the SZ links, as well as the tapes, since the spring clips covering the cartridge from above are significantly deformed to ensure reliable fixation of the cartridge, which leads to large static loads, in addition, during acceleration and braking of the link tape (when moving in the feed direction to step) there are significant dynamic loads, which are combined with static loads.

Also known is the loading system of an automatic artillery installation on the application of Germany N 1264296, N. Kl. 72 D 21/01, 1968, including a vertical enclosed elevator; a fan conveyor with two closed chains having grips interacting with the cartridges at the bottom of the cartridge and near the live part (both chains are located in the plane of the fan conveyor and span two stars, the axes of which are perpendicular to the plane of the fan); receiver with charging window; the first pair of stars transmitting cartridges from the elevator to the grips of the fan conveyor chains, the second pair of stars transmitting from the fan conveyor to the charging window; spring device located in the charging window.

The elevator and all the sprockets have a single electric drive, and the automatic artillery loading system has its own drive from the sliding parts. When the loading system is working, the cartridges from the elevator with the first pair of stars are transferred to the grips of the fan conveyor chains, moved along the fan and then the second pair of stars are transferred to the loading window (in the shaft of which several cartridges are placed one above the other, the spring device constantly presses the first cartridge). As soon as the shaft of the loading window is completely filled with cartridges, the elevator drive is automatically switched off. When a certain amount of cartridges is used up, the elevator drive is automatically switched on again.

This loading system provides reliable fixation of cartridges, high survivability of elevator chains and free access to cartridges for inspections.

But at the same time, this SZ has a number of significant drawbacks:

- the design of the loading system is complex (both pairs of sprockets have a complex configuration, and the fan has a screw configuration);

- SZ is inoperative when the vertical elevator fails;

- the reliability of the SZ is low due to the fact that the chains of the fan conveyor are complex in design, because have complex articulated joints of links;

- the loading system has significant dimensions, since the boot window shaft is located above the artillery gun;

- the design of the loading system provides for several transfers of cartridges on the way to the artillery gun, which reduces the reliability of its operation.

A known system for loading an automatic artillery installation on the application of Germany N 1578399, F 41 D 9/00, 1975, including a tape consisting of separate links with spring grippers for cartridges and engaged with a star rotating around an axis perpendicular to the direction of movement of the tape ; a gear ejector located on an axis parallel to the axis of the sprocket, and kinematically connected with the sprocket, and a receiving window.

When moving the link tape one step of the sprocket, the ejector tooth extracts one cartridge from the link and directs it to the receiving window.

This loading system provides a reliable supply of cartridges for an artillery gun, has fairly small mass and size characteristics, is quite simple in design and provides negligible load on the drive.

But at the same time, such SZ has a number of the following disadvantages:

- it has a relatively low reliability due to the low survivability of the links;

- inconvenient in operation, because:

- firstly, it does not provide the possibility of inspection of cartridges located in the link tape;

- secondly, it requires the application of significant effort or the presence of a special device for loading and removing cartridges;

- does not provide the supply of cartridges in case of failure of the feeding mechanism;

- has a relatively low efficiency due to the fact that loading cartridges requires a significant investment of time.

A known system for loading an automatic artillery installation according to US patent N 3690216, N. Kl.89-33A, 1972 with a drive that includes a charging tray that moves perpendicular to the axis of the barrel when feeding another cartridge; gear with an eccentric interacting with the guide of the charging tray; a spring-loaded rail interacting on the one hand with the gear, and on the other hand with the sliding parts.

This loading system reliably delivers cartridges to the sending line, however, on the other hand, it has a number of the following significant disadvantages:

- such SZ performs only the final part of the supply of cartridges to an artillery gun, for the implementation of the entire supply requires a complex mechanism for feeding cartridges into the charging tray;

- the possibilities of increasing the productivity of the NW and, accordingly, increasing the rate of fire of the AO are limited by the energy intensity of the spring compressible by the sliding parts moving in the recoil;

- the reliability of the SZ is significantly low due to the fact that:

- firstly, the drive elements are subject to significant shock loads at the end of the stroke of the charging tray;

- secondly, due to additional dynamic loads caused by the incomplete use of the roll-back cycle time in the idle drive of the kinematic chain from the spring to the charging tray.

The closest solution to the claimed technical essence and the achieved effect of its use is the AK-725 automatic artillery loading system (see "Description of the 57-mm AK-725 automatic two-gun artillery installation and maintenance instructions", page 23- 39 with the “Album of drawings to describe the 57-mm AK-725 automatic two-gun artillery mount and instructions for its maintenance”, USSR Ministry of Defense, 1975, Fig. 14-19, Fig. 20-34), containing a mechanism for feeding cartridges, a fan conveyor, device reduced I dosylka rounds on the line and the rammer.

The fan conveyor includes: a fan, a driving sprocket, placed on the fan parallel to the axis of the barrel channel and interacting with a chain belt moving cartridges; drive of the driving sprocket, consisting of a copier mounted on the retractable parts, a spring-loaded movable carriage placed perpendicular to the axis of the bore of the barrel, with a roller mounted on it, interacting with the copier, and a gear rack, a gear sector, interacting with the gear rack and mounted on the shaft, ratchet a device mounted on one shaft with a gear sector, located inside the drive sprocket and interacting with it, an anchor device interacting with the walls of the grooves made in the hub blowing stars.

When rolling back, the copier interacts with the roller mounted on the carriage and moves the carriage (the spring of the carriage is compressed). a gear rack mounted on the carriage interacts with the gear sector and expands the shaft with a ratchet device mounted on it, which does not interact with the drive sprocket, making "idle". The drive sprocket from a possible turn in the direction opposite to the working stroke is fixed by the anchor device.

When rolling, the copier returns to its original position, the carriage spring is released and the carriage returns to its original position. At the same time, the ratchet device connected to the carriage by means of a shaft, a gear sector and a rack is deployed in the opposite direction, interacts with the drive sprocket and rotates it in the direction of the working stroke by one step.

The chain belt with the cartridge supplied by it also moves one step in the feed direction.

This loading system provides a fairly reliable supply of cartridges for an artillery gun, however, at the same time, it has a number of significant drawbacks:

- relatively low reliability due to the fact that the SZ drive is bulky and kinematically complex (includes a spring mechanism, a ratchet device located inside the drive sprocket, which increases its dimensions);

- SZ productivity is significantly limited:

- firstly, the energy intensity of the carriage spring, associated with the layout of the loading system, which, in turn, affects the rate of fire;

- secondly, an increase in the dynamics of the link chain and the cartridges supplied by it, since the energy consumption of the compressed carriage spring is constant, and the moving mass connected to it decreases during firing (as cartridges are spent), which leads to a significant overclocking of the “lead” system at the end of the queue asterisk - a unitary tape with cartridges "because of which, in order to prevent breakdown of the mechanism, it is necessary to forcibly stop shooting with unused cartridges and equip the unitary tape with cartridges;

- thirdly, a decrease in the reliability of the SZ operation due to the fact that the elements of the ratchet device are subject to significant shock loads at the beginning of the driving sprocket’s working stroke, since the ratchet device needs to be overrun (to ensure the interaction of its elements) when idling, and when making a working stroke along the path length equal to the running distance, the entire mobile system (spring, carriage, sector, shaft, ratchet device) accelerates, since the chain link and cartridges are not yet connected to this system and at the moment of starting when the ratchet device and sprocket interact, a blow occurs;

- fourthly, a decrease in the efficiency of the SZ due to the fact that the roll-back cycle time is not fully used, there is a “idle” kinematic chain (from the rail to the ratchet device) during each roll-back, which increases the dynamics of the chain link and cartridges (since movement is possible only during the coast, therefore, speed and acceleration increase);

- fifthly, due to a decrease in the reliability of the SZ due to the fact that the one-way kinematic connection between the copier and the spring-loaded carriage leads to the phenomena of rebound of the roller (rigidly fixed to the carriage) from the working surface of the copier, which, in turn, leads to additional vibrations of the entire mobile system (from the roller to the chain link with cartridges), which entails additional dynamic loads on the entire drive.

In the known design of the SZ device for reducing cartridges on the sending line includes reducers having a drive from a copier moving together with the sliding parts and kinematically rigidly connected with a spring-loaded movable feed carriage.

With this design of the device for reducing cartridges on the sending line, the reducers press the filed cartridge on the sending line until the profile part of the copier in the coastline releases the stop, which, under the action of the spring, returns the reducers and the carriage to its original position.

In this case, feeding the fan conveyor per step, and therefore the cartridge under the reducers, is also possible only on the move, which prevents an increase in the rate of fire due to the increased speed of the fan conveyor with cartridges, which affects the growth of dynamic loads, mainly due to the inertia of the fan conveyor . In addition, with this scheme, the reducers returned on the run do not have a complete discrepancy with the feed cartridge, as a result of which they are made folding. This complicates the design of reducers and makes the operation of the machine less reliable.

In this SZ, a spring type rammer with an accelerator mechanism (consisting of a spring mechanism, a rammer carriage, an accelerator, a retractable stop) is installed in the grooves of the left cheek in the receiver. The platoon springs platoon during firing is carried out during the rollback using a retractable stop fixed to the cradle.

The problem solved by this invention is the provision of high rate of fire, high combat readiness and increased reliability of the automatic artillery installation in a wide range of calibres with relatively small dimensions and weight with full automation of all processes of feeding and loading cartridges.

This problem is solved primarily with the help of the technical result from the use of the invention, which consists in reducing weight and size characteristics, as well as in improving the reliability and performance of the automatic artillery loading system.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known loading system of an automatic artillery installation containing a cartridge feeding mechanism, a fan conveyor, a cartridge reduction device for the sending line and a rammer, the fan conveyor includes a driving sprocket, a first driven sprocket, the axis of which coincides with the axis of the pins a second driven sprocket kinematically connected to the leading one and located parallel to the first driven sprocket, the first guide, the second guide, the third guide, the fourth th guide, the fifth guide, a guide for the sixth and seventh rounds guide rail eighth, ninth guide, a guide for the tenth parts of the fan belt,

the seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth guides for the links of the fan conveyor are made in the form of a closed profile plate enveloping the first shaft of the drive sprocket and the second shaft of the second driven sprocket, and the links of the fan conveyor are made in the form of an elastic closed chain with the possibility of free landing of cartridges in it links

in addition, a mechanism for distributing cartridges and a mechanism for controlling the interaction of the fan conveyor with a feeding mechanism are additionally introduced into the fan conveyor,

the cartridge distribution mechanism is mounted on the first housing at the output end of the fourth cartridge guide and is made in the form of two kinematically coupled and spring-loaded spring mechanism relative to the first housing of the first runner and the second runner, mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement in the first T-shaped groove and second T -shaped groove made in the first case and interacting with the supplied cartridge and the first emphasis of the receiver,

the mechanism for controlling the interaction of the fan conveyor with the feed mechanism is located on the hollow shaft of the first driven sprocket and consists of a spring-loaded rod with a cylindrical copy section located inside the hollow shaft, the first cylindrical gear wheel, rigidly fixed to the end of the hollow shaft and the second cylindrical gear having rotation relative to the hollow shaft, and on the first cylindrical gear wheel mounted bushings with the first pushers included the radial holes of the hollow shaft and the spring-loaded first two-arm levers with the possibility of turning them on the axes, and in the second cylindrical gear wheel an annular protrusion with grooves is made, the arrangement of which corresponds to the arrangement of the spring-loaded first two-arm levers interacting with the first shoulder with the grooves, and the second shoulder with the first pushers, interacting, in turn, with the cylindrical copier portion of the spring-loaded rod, while the first driven sprocket using the first cylindrical gear the wheels are kinematically connected with the second driven sprocket, and with the help of the second cylindrical gear wheel, with the feeding mechanism,

the fan conveyor drive mechanism, interacting with the roller of the rolling parts, is made in the form of a hollow drum having two first screw grooves and two second screw grooves arranged uniformly around the circumference, the first two screw grooves being made with the left thread, the two second screw grooves are made with the right cut, and the values of their steps are directly proportional to the maximum values of the speeds of half-cycles of the movement of the retractable parts in the rollback and on the roll, while the grooves of adjacent pairs of grooves intersect each other on one side in the first point and the second point, corresponding to the minimum allowable rollback of the rolling parts, and on the other hand intersect at the third point and at the fourth point, corresponding to the rollback length equal to zero, and the first screw grooves and second screw grooves of adjacent pairs of grooves after crossing smoothly go into first straight grooves and second straight grooves,

in addition, two pairs of coaxially located spring-loaded valves are additionally introduced into the hollow drum - the first spring-loaded valve, the second spring-loaded valve, the third spring-loaded valve, the fourth spring-loaded valve, located respectively in two through transverse cylindrical holes - the first cylindrical hole and the second cylindrical hole, made in the hollow drum in the zones of the first point, second point, third point, fourth point of intersection of the first screw grooves and second grooves, the first valve, the second valve, the third valve and the fourth valve independently of one another, can axially move along the first cylindrical hole and the second cylindrical hole, and keyways are made on the forming surfaces of these holes, with each pair of valves being the first the valve, the second valve, the third valve and the fourth valve are kept from turning by the first common keys located in the keyways, and from axial movement outside the outer surface ti hollow drum held the first and second brackets, fixed on the hollow drum,

moreover, the first valve, the second valve, the third valve and the fourth valve with their first surfaces and second surfaces of the end parts on the one hand make up the parts of the first screw grooves and second screw grooves of the hollow drum, interrupted through the transverse transverse first cylindrical hole and the second cylindrical hole, and on the other hand the end parts of the valves made the third surface and the fourth surface on the side surfaces of the first brackets and second brackets and are a continuation of the interrupted parts of the first wines ovyh grooves and second helical grooves in the zones of the first valve arrangement, the second valve, the third valve and the fourth valve,

the control device of the drive mechanism of the fan conveyor is made in the form of a third shaft, rigidly and coaxially mounted on the hollow drum and having a bore, a through groove, a spline section and a smooth section, and the rod is movably placed inside the third shaft, and a spring-loaded spline leading coupling half is movably placed on the spline section with end cams, connected by a finger to the stem and interacting with the first coupling half, freely mounted on the third shaft and kinematically connected with the drive sprocket, to The core contains a cracker, which interacts with the handle, which is fixed relative to the second case in two positions, the first shaft of the fan conveyor parallel to the axis of the barrel channel is connected to the hollow drum via a safety switch-off clutch consisting of the first coupling half and the second coupling half, the first coupling coupling being kinematically rigid connected to the hollow drum, and the second coupling half is kinematically rigidly connected to the first shaft parallel to the axis of the bore, while the safety clutch is kinematically switched off the ski coupling is connected to the control clutch, consisting of a movable coupling half and a fixed coupling half, the movable coupling coupling of the control coupling on the one hand kinematically connected to the second coupling half of the safety switch-off clutch, and on the other hand through the fork lever and the first sear fixed to the second housing, and flexible traction interact with the pendulum of the make-up unit located on the carriage, and the fixed coupling half of the control clutch is rigidly connected with the second housing,

the device for reducing cartridges to the sending line contains the first and second reducers, rigidly connected with the fourth shaft, on the right end of which there is a first bevel gear fixed from rotation on the fourth shaft with the help of a second dowel, the first bevel gear being engaged with the second bevel gear freely sitting on the axis, a copier having a bevel on the side surface is attached to the second bevel gear, the first reducer has a second shoulder, in which the first spring abuts, while the first reducer, the second one the lowering device and the copier kinematically associated with them are held in the initial position by the limiter,

in addition, on the receiver there is a second stop, made recessed in its seat, compressing the second spring when a force arises, directed along the axis of the second stop, and restrained from falling out of the socket by a pin,

the rammer includes a carriage with a second pusher and articulated guides placed in the guide grooves of the receiver mounted on the breech of the barrel,

the carriage is connected via the first hinge to the first lever fixed through the fifth shaft on the second housing, the first lever is spring-loaded through the shoulder levers and the fifth shaft by two identical spring assemblies containing a suction spring located in a glass pivotally mounted on the second housing,

the suction spring is preloaded by the lid of the glass and the third stop of the first link pivotally connected to the shoulder lever, a set of plate springs made interacting with the buffer stop of the first link is placed in the lid of the glass,

the rammer release mechanism has a second sear made in the form of a two-arm lever placed on the second body, one arm of which is made interacting with the starting electromagnet, and the other arm is made as a stop for the second arm, which is mounted on the fifth shaft with the first rammer lever, while the second the sear is connected by a second link with a latch, made in the form of a two-shouldered lever and mounted on the second case, on which there is a stop of minimal rollback and a spring-loaded lever with a stop of increased recoil a, and the emphasis of minimal rollback and the emphasis of increased recoil are spring-loaded and have one-sided bevels for “clicking” with the trigger lever during rollback, and on the receiver on the same axis there is a trigger lever that interacts with the focus of minimal rollback and the emphasis of increased rollback, and the spring-loaded auto-whisper, made by interacting with a rammer.

The special constructive implementation of the main mechanisms of the proposed AAU loading system provides a significant improvement in a number of important characteristics of both the loading system and the gun mount as a whole, namely:

1. The design of the proposed SZ AAU provides increased reliability of its operation due to the timely shutdown of the safety switch-off clutch and, therefore, the stop of the fan conveyor at any position of the sliding parts in the event of an emergency, as well as by reducing the dynamic loads acting on the drive mechanism of the fan conveyor .

2. The design of the device for reducing cartridges on the sending line makes it possible to increase the rate of fire without increasing the speed of movement of the elements of the fan conveyor, due to the fact that:

- reducers are equipped with a return spring;

- the working part of the copier is made less than the length of the rollback, one of the elements of the pair "copier-emphasis" is made spring-loaded and deflected or recessed when they interact in the coast.

This embodiment of the device for reducing cartridges to the sending line makes it possible to feed the cartridge to the sending line and returning the reducers to their original position under the action of the return spring in the rollback, and this, in turn, will allow you to start moving the fan conveyor along with the cartridges also in the rollback and carry out more early arrival of the next cartridge for reducers, without increasing the speed of movement of the fan conveyor. In addition, the working part of the copier is profiled in such a way that at the time of the maximum speed of the retractable parts, the speed of the reducers is minimal, which gives a significant reduction in lateral loads on the supplied cartridge.

3. The proposed design of the rammer provides a high rate of fire due to the fact that the rammer rammer interacts with the spring through a lever fixed to the cradle, the ratio of the shoulders of which is selected from the condition of ensuring the speed of movement of this spring is less than critical. The lever can be pivotally attached to a carriage equipped with pivotally mounted guides and interact by means of a stop pivotally pivoted on it with a spring placed in a pivotally mounted cradle on the cradle. The inner space of the spring can be used to accommodate the spring buffer interacting with the lid of the said glass and the emphasis of the articulated rod.

The use of a spring-loaded lever made it possible to ensure the operation of the rammer at a high rate of fire by reducing the velocity of the rammer spring to values below critical.

In addition, the exhaust spring is placed on the cradle under the receiver, this significantly reduced the radius of the AO overcast, which is especially important for guns with large elevation angles.

An important advantage of the proposed rammer is the unloading of the exhaust spring by reducing its mass brought to the carriage.

4. The design of the rammer descent mechanism reduces shock loads on the sear, which is achieved by placing the stop (s) of the increased recoil in the lever locked with the recessed sear in the lock. The latch can be made in the form of a kinematically connected with the sear of a two-armed lever.

This placement of the stop (s) of the increased recoil allows the stop (s) to stop firing and at the same time unlocking the lever to rotate together with this lever when the trigger is pulled over it (on them) and, thus, eliminates the collapse of the rammer from the stop of the increased recoil and its landing at a whisper at a speed of sending. Landing the rammer on the sear in this case occurs with a relatively low speed of the retractable parts at the beginning of the run, which significantly reduces the impact load on the sear. Kinematic, by means of traction, the connection of the retainer, made in the form of a two-shouldered lever, with a sear provides automatic locking of the lever with an emphasis (stops) of the increased recoil at the beginning of shooting and opening it at the end of shooting.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, in which:

- figure 1 shows a General view of an artillery gun with a loading system;

- figure 2 shows a view along arrow A (see figure 1) on a fan conveyor;

- figure 3 shows a view along arrow B (see figure 2) on a fan conveyor;

- figure 4 shows a view along arrow B (see figure 3) on the mechanism for the distribution of cartridges;

- figure 5 shows a cross-section along G-D (see figure 3), depicting a control mechanism for the interaction of the fan conveyor with a mechanism for feeding cartridges;

- figure 6 presents a section along DD (see figure 2), which shows the guides for cartridges and guides for the links of the fan conveyor;

- figure 7 shows a cross-section along EE (see figure 2), which shows the interaction of the leading sprocket of the fan conveyor, the distribution mechanism of cartridges and the interaction of the nodes and parts of the device for reducing cartridges to the sending line;

- on Fig presents a view along arrow G (see figure 4) on the emphasis belonging to the sliding parts and interacting with the mechanism for the distribution of cartridges;

- figure 9 shows the disconnected position of the mechanism for controlling the interaction of the fan conveyor with the cartridge feeding mechanism;

- figure 10 shows a section along the II (see figure 3), which shows the device of the drive mechanism and the control mechanism of the drive mechanism of the fan conveyor;

- figure 11 shows a view along arrow K (see figure 10), showing the profile of the end teeth of the control clutch;

- Fig. 12 shows, on an enlarged scale, a hollow drum of a fan conveyor drive mechanism and a second valve;

- Fig.13 shows a view along arrow L (see Fig.12) on the fourth valve of the hollow drum;

- Fig.14 shows a cross-section along MM (see Fig.12) showing the placement and interaction of the first and second valves of the hollow drum;

- Fig. 15 shows a cross-section along H-H (see Fig. 12) showing the placement and interaction of the third and fourth valves of the hollow drum;

- Fig.16 shows a section along PP (see Fig.12) with the image of the fixation of the first and second valves from the turn and the interaction of the second valve with the sliding parts;

- Fig.17 is a view along arrow P (see Fig.16), depicting the configuration of the inclined surface of the second valve;

- Fig. 18 shows a section along CC (see Fig. 13) showing the fixation of the third and fourth valves from a turn;

- Fig.19 presents a scan of the grooves of the hollow drum;

- Fig.20 shows the position of the parts of the open control mechanism of the drive mechanism of the fan conveyor;

- Fig.21 shows a view along arrow T (see Fig.10), depicting the fixation of the control handle;

- Fig.22 shows a section along the U-U (see Fig.7), showing a device for reducing cartridges on the sending line;

- Fig.23 shows a section along the F-F (see Fig.7), which shows the rammer and the design of the mechanism for its descent;

- Fig.24 shows a view along arrow C (see Fig.23) on the rammer with its descent mechanism.

The proposed loading system 1 (see Fig. 1) of an automatic artillery installation includes a mechanism 2 for feeding cartridges 3 (see Figs. 3, 22), a fan conveyor 4 (see Fig. 2), a device 5 for reducing cartridges 3 to the sending line ( see Fig.3, 7, 22) and rammer 6 (see Fig.23).

The fan conveyor 4 includes a driving sprocket 7 (see FIG. 2), a first driven sprocket 8, the axis of which coincides with the axis of the trunnions, a second driven sprocket 9 (see FIG. 3), kinematically connected to the leading sprocket 7 (see figure 2) and parallel to the first driven sprocket 8 (see figure 3), the first guide 10 (see figure 6), the second guide 11, the third guide 12 (see figure 2), the fourth guide 13, fifth guide 14, sixth guide 15 (see figure 3) for cartridges 3 (see figure 3, 22) and a seventh guide 16, an eighth guide 17, a ninth guide 18 (see figure 2), the tenth guide 19 (see figure 6) for the links 20 of the fan conveyor 4 (see figure 2).

The guides for the links 20 of the fan conveyor 4 are made in the form of a closed profile plate, enveloping the first shaft 21 of the drive sprocket 7 and the second shaft 22 of the second driven sprocket 9 (see figure 2), and the links 20 of the fan conveyor 4 are made in the form of an elastic closed chain 23 with the possibility of free landing of cartridges 3 in its links 20.

In addition, in the fan conveyor 4 there is a mechanism 24 (see FIG. 3) for the distribution of cartridges 3 and a mechanism 25 (see FIG. 5) for controlling the interaction of the fan conveyor 4 (see FIG. 2) with the feed mechanism 2.

The mechanism 24 for the distribution of cartridges 3 (see figure 3) is mounted on the first housing 26 (see figure 4) at the output end of the fourth guide 13 (see figure 2) for cartridges 3 (see figure 3) and is made in in the form of two kinematically connected and spring-loaded by a spring mechanism 27 relative to the first body 26 of the first runner 28 and the second runner 29 (see Figs. 3, 4), fixed with the possibility of reciprocating movement in the first T-shaped groove 30 and the second T-shaped groove 31, made in the first housing 26 and interacting with the feed cartridge 3 and the first stop 32 ( m. 4) of the receiver 33 (see. Figure 7).

The mechanism 25 (see Fig. 5) for controlling the interaction of the fan conveyor 4 (see Fig. 2) with the feeding mechanism 2 (see Fig. 3) is placed on the hollow shaft 34 (see Fig. 5) of the first driven sprocket 8 and consists of from a spring-loaded rod 35 with a cylindrical copier portion 36 located inside the hollow shaft 34, the first cylindrical gear 37, rigidly fixed to the end of the hollow shaft 34 and the second cylindrical gear 38, which can rotate relative to the hollow shaft 34, and on the first cylindrical gear ring All 37 are fixed to the sleeve 39 with the first pushers 40 included in the radial holes 41 of the hollow shaft 34 and the spring-loaded first two-arm levers 42 with the possibility of turning them on the axes, and in the second cylindrical gear wheel 38 there is an annular protrusion 43 with grooves 44, the location of which corresponds to the location the spring-loaded first two-arm levers 42, interacting with the first shoulder 45 with the grooves 44, and the second shoulder 46 with the first pushers 40, interacting, in turn, with the cylindrical copy section 36 of the spring and 35, the first driven zvezdki 8 by means of the first spur gear 37 is kinematically coupled with the second driven zvezdki 9, and by a second cylindrical gear wheel 38 - with a feeding mechanism 2 (see FIG. figure 3).

The mechanism 47 (see figure 10) of the drive of the fan conveyor 4 (see figure 2), interacting with the roller 48 (see figure 10) of the retractable parts, is made in the form of a hollow drum 49 having two first screw grooves 50 and two second screw grooves 51 (see Fig. 19) arranged uniformly around the circumference, the first two screw grooves 50 being left-handed, the second two screw grooves 51 being right-handed, and their step sizes are directly proportional to the maximum values of the speeds of the half-cycles of sliding movements parts in the rollback and in the rollback, while the grooves of adjacent p grooves intersect on one side at the first 52 and second 53 points corresponding to the minimum allowable rollback of the retractable parts, and on the other hand intersect at the third 54 and fourth 55 points corresponding to a rollback length of zero, with the first screw grooves 50 and the second screw grooves 51 of the adjacent pairs of grooves after crossing smoothly pass into the first straight grooves 56 and the second straight grooves 57 (see Fig. 19).

In addition, two pairs of coaxially located spring-loaded valves are additionally introduced into the hollow drum 49 (see FIG. 10) —the first spring-loaded valve 58, the second spring-loaded valve 59 (see FIG. 14), the third spring-loaded valve 60, and the fourth spring-loaded valve 61 ( see Fig. 15), placed in two through transverse cylindrical holes - the first cylindrical hole 62 (see Fig. 14), the second cylindrical hole 63 (see Fig. 15), made in the hollow drum 49 (see Fig. 10 , 12) in the zones of the first point 52, the second point 53, the third point 5 4, the fourth point 55 of the intersection of the first screw grooves 50 and the second screw grooves 51 (see Fig.19).

In this case, the first valve 58, the second valve 59, the third valve 60, the fourth valve 61 (see Figs. 14, 15) independently of one another have the possibility of axial movement along the first cylindrical hole 62 and the second cylindrical hole 63, and on the forming surfaces of these the holes are made keyway 64 (see Fig.12, 13). Moreover, each pair of valves - the first valve 58, the second valve 59 and the third valve 60, the fourth valve 61 (see Fig. 14, 15) are kept from turning by the first common keys 65 (see Fig. 12, 13, 16, 18) located in the keyways 64, and from axial movement beyond the outer surface of the hollow drum 49 (see Fig. 10, 12) are held by the first bracket 66 (see Fig. 14), the second bracket 67 (see Fig. 15), fixed on the hollow drum 49 (see Fig. 10, 12), the first valve 58, the second valve 59, the third valve 60 and the fourth valve 61 (see Fig. 14, 15) with their first surfaces 68 and On the other hand, the 69 surfaces of the end parts make up for the parts of the first helical grooves 50 and the second helical grooves 51 (see Fig. 19) of the hollow drum 49 (see Fig. 10, 12) interrupted through the transverse transverse first cylindrical hole 62 and the second cylindrical hole 63 (see Figs. 14, 15), and on the other side of the valve end faces there is a third surface 70 and a fourth surface 71 on the side surfaces of the first brackets 66 and the second brackets 67 and are a continuation of the interrupted parts of the first screw grooves 50 and second screw grooves 51 (cm. Fig.19) in the areas of the first valve 58, the second valve 59, the third valve 60, the fourth valve 61 (see Fig.14, 15).

The control device 72 of the mechanism 47 (see Fig. 10) of the drive of the fan conveyor 4 (see Fig. 2) is made in the form of a third shaft 73, rigidly and coaxially mounted on the hollow drum 49 (see Fig. 10) and having a bore 74 ( see Fig. 20), a through groove 75, a spline section 76 and a smooth section 77, wherein the rod 78 is movably placed inside the third shaft 73, and a spring-loaded spline leading coupling half 79 with end cams 80 connected by a finger is movably placed on the spline section 76 81 (see figure 10) with a rod 78 and interacting with the first coupling half 82, freely in mounted on the third shaft 73 and kinematically connected with the drive sprocket 7. On the end of the rod 78 is a cracker 83, interacting with the handle 84, which is fixed relative to the second housing 85 in two positions. The first shaft 21 of the fan conveyor 4 (see Fig. 2), parallel to the axis of the bore (not shown), is connected to the hollow drum 49 (see Fig. 10) through a safety switch-off clutch 86 consisting of a first coupling half 82 and a second coupling half 87 moreover, the first coupling half 82 is kinematically rigidly connected to the hollow drum 49, and the second coupling half 87 is kinematically rigidly connected to the first shaft 21 parallel to the axis of the bore, while the safety switch-off clutch 86 is kinematically connected to the clutch control 88 consisting of a movable coupling half 89 fixed coupling half 90, and the movable coupling half 89 of the control clutch is kinematically connected on the one hand to the second coupling half 87 of the safety disconnectable coupling 86, and on the other hand, through the fork lever 91, the first sear 92 mounted on the second housing 85, and the flexible rod 93 interacts with the feed unit pendulum located on a carriage (not shown), and the stationary coupling half 90 of the clutch control 88 is rigidly connected to the second housing 85.

The device 5 (see Fig. 7, 22) for reducing cartridges 3 to the sending line 6 contains a first reducer 94, a second reducer 95 (see Fig. 7, 22), rigidly connected with the fourth shaft 96. On the right end of the fourth shaft 96 is placed the first bevel gear 97, which the second key 98 holds to prevent rotation on the fourth shaft 96.

The first bevel gear 97 is engaged with the second bevel gear 99, which sits freely on the axis 100. A copier 101 is attached to the second bevel gear 99, having a bevel on the side surface. The first reducer 94 has a second shoulder against which the first spring 102 abuts. In the initial position, the first reducer 94 and the second reducer 95 and the kinematically associated copier 101 are held by the stop 103. In addition, a second stop 104 is located on the receiver 33. When a force occurs directed along the axis of the second stop 104, it has the ability to recess in its seat, compressing the second spring 105. From falling out of the socket, the second stop 104 is held by a pin 106.

The rammer 6 (see FIGS. 23, 24) of the cartridge 3 includes a carriage 107 with a second pusher 108 and hinged guides 109 located in the guide grooves 110 of the receiver 33, mounted on the breech of the barrel (not shown).

The carriage 107 by means of the first hinge 111 is connected with the first lever 112, secured through the fifth shaft 113 on the second housing 85. The first lever 112 is spring-loaded through the shoulder levers 114 and the fifth shaft 113 with two identical spring assemblies 115 containing a suction spring 116 located in the cup 117, pivotally mounted on the second housing 85. The suction spring 116 is pressed by the cover 118 of the cup 117 and the third stop 119 of the first rod 120, pivotally connected to the shoulder lever 114.

In the cover 118 there is a set of Belleville springs 121 interacting with the buffer stop 122 of the first rod 12.

The mechanism 123 for launching the rammer 6 includes a second sear 124 made in the form of a two-armed lever located on the second housing 85 (see Figs. 23, 24), one shoulder of which is made interacting with the starting electromagnet 125, and the other shoulder is made in the form of an abutment for the second the lever 126, which is mounted on the fifth shaft 113 with the first lever 112. In this case, the second sear 124 is connected by a second rod 127 with a latch 128, made in the form of a two-arm lever and mounted on the second housing 85.

In addition, on the second body 85 there is placed a stop 129 of a minimum rollback and a spring-loaded lever 130 with a stop 131 of increased rollback. The emphasis 129 of the minimum recoil and the emphasis 131 of the increased recoil are spring-loaded and have one-sided bevels to “click” with their release lever 132 during the rollback.

On the receiver 33 on one axis are fixed the trigger lever 132, which interacts with the emphasis 129 of the minimum rollback and the emphasis 131 of the increased recoil, and a spring-loaded auto-whisper 133, made interacting with the rammer 6.

The proposed automatic artillery loading system is operated as follows.

Filling the feed mechanism paths and fan conveyor with cartridges

Consider the case of filling the paths of the fan conveyor 4 with cartridges 3 located in a hopper (not shown).

First, the feeding mechanism 2 (see FIG. 3) with a drive (not shown) is filled with cartridges 3, and then the paths of system 1 (see FIG. 1) of loading an automatic artillery installation. To fill the paths of the feeding mechanism 2 with cartridges 3, it is necessary (if there is no mechanism 25 (see FIG. 5) to control the interaction of the fan conveyor 4 (see FIG. 2) with the feeding mechanism 2) with a working autonomous drive (not shown) of the feeding mechanism 2 manually rotate the sixth shaft 134 (see figure 2) when the hollow drum 49 is disconnected from the drive sprocket 7 (see figure 10). This operation will require significant time and effort. If there is a mechanism 25 (see Fig. 5) for controlling the interaction of the fan conveyor 4 with the feeding mechanism 2, the path of the feeding mechanism 2 of the cartridges 3 is automatically filled.

For this, it is necessary to disconnect the kinematic connection of the fan conveyor 4 with the feed mechanism 2, then turn on the electric drive (not shown) of the feed mechanism 2. The kinematic connection of the fan conveyor 4 and the feeding mechanism 2 is disconnected as follows. The spring-loaded stem 35 (see FIG. 5) behind the tip 135 moves in the direction indicated by the arrow “h1” and is fixed in the position indicated in FIG. 9 by a latch (not shown). In this case, the third spring 136 is compressed. The cylindrical copy section 36 of the spring-loaded rod 35 releases the first pushers 40, which, under the action of the fourth spring 137, with the help of the second shoulder 46 of the first two-arm levers 42 are mixed in the direction indicated by the arrow “i1” until the collars 138 abut against the first the end face 139 of the bushings 39, and the first shoulders 45 of the first two-arm levers 42 come out of the grooves 44 of the second spur gear 38.

The kinematic connection of the first cylindrical gear 37 and the second cylindrical gear 38 is disconnected, while the first two-arm levers 42, the first pushers 40 and the spring-loaded rod 35 occupy the position shown in Fig.9.

When you turn on the electric drive (not shown) of the mechanism 2 (see figure 3) recharge cartridges 3 are fed along the paths of the recharge mechanism 2 automatically at a speed corresponding to the rate of fire of the artillery gun. When the first cartridge 3 approaches the sprocket 142 (see FIG. 3), the electric drive (not shown) of the make-up mechanism 2 is automatically turned off. The feed mechanism paths are filled with cartridges 3.

To fill the paths of the fan conveyor 4 with cartridges 3, it is necessary to open the latch (not shown) of the spring rod 35. Then, the spring rod 35 (see Fig. 5) under the action of the third spring 136 will begin to move in the direction indicated by the arrow "j1", and the first pushers 40 under the action of the conical section 140 of the spring-loaded rod 35 will begin to move in the direction indicated by the arrow "k1", and deploy the first two-arm levers 42, pressing them with the first shoulders 45 to the second end face 141 of the second spur gear 38.

When the handwheel (not shown) is rotated by the handwheel of the sixth shaft 134 in the direction indicated by the arrow “11” (see FIG. 3), the first spur gear 37 will rotate relative to the second spur gear 38 until the first two-arm levers 42 fall into the grooves 44 of the second spur gear 38, while the spring-loaded rod 35 will advance in the direction indicated by the arrow "j1" until the first pushers 40 exit onto the spur cylinder section 36.

The kinematic connection of the fan conveyor 4 (see figure 2) with the mechanism 2 (see figure 3) recharge restored. With further rotation of the sixth shaft 134, the first driven sprocket 8 will rotate in the direction indicated by the arrow “m1” (see FIG. 3), the second driven sprocket 9 will be rotated in the direction indicated by the arrow “n1”, sprocket 142 in the direction indicated by the arrow "n2", the leading eureka 7 - in the direction indicated by the arrow "q1" (see Fig.7). In this case, the cartridges 3 from the sprocket 142 (see Fig. 3) will move to the first driven sprocket 8 and then to the links 20, which with their fourth stops 143 and fifth stops 144 (see Fig. 6) will move the cartridges 3 along the first guide surface 145 and along the second guide surface 146 (see Fig.6) in the direction indicated by the arrow "r1" (see Fig.7) until the first cartridge 3 stops above the receiver 33. In this position, the hollow drum 49 is connected to the leading asterisk 7 (see figure 2). All paths of the fan conveyor 4 (see Fig. 2) and the mechanism 2 (see Fig. 3) of the feed are filled with cartridges 3.

Starting position of fan conveyor parts

The paths of the fan conveyor 4 (see Fig. 2) are filled with cartridges 3, and the first one is on the first runner 28 and the second runner 29 (see Fig. 7), which are spring loaded by the spring mechanism 27 (see Fig. 4) emphasis 147 (see figure 2). The first reducer 94 and the second reducer 95 are located above the first cartridge 3 (see figure 3). The fifth guide 14 and the sixth guide 15 (see FIGS. 2, 3) are fixed in a position that ensures the movement of the cartridges 3 along a circular path (when the first driven sprocket 8 rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow “m1”). The hollow drum 49 (see FIG. 10) is connected to the drive sprocket 7. The spring-loaded rod 35 (see FIG. 5) is fixed (the lock is not shown) in the position when its cylindrical copy section 36 interacts with the first plunger 40, while the first the shoulders 45 of the first two-arm levers 42 interact with the grooves 44 of the second spur gear 38. The fan conveyor 4 (see FIG. 2) is kinematically connected to the feeding mechanism 2 (see FIG. 3). The first emphasis 32 (see figure 4) does not interact with the bonom 148 (see figure 7).

Shooting preparation

Preparation for firing is carried out by a standard reloading system (not shown). In this case, all the sliding parts together with the receiver 33 (see Fig. 7) and the first stop 32 fixed thereon (see Fig. 4) move in the direction indicated by the arrow "s1".

Bonn 148 (see Fig.7), interacting with the first copy section 149 of the first stop 32 (see Fig.4), goes to the first straight section 150, and the second two-arm lever 151 and the third lever 152 connected to it are deployed in the direction indicated by the arrow "t1", while the third two-arm lever 153 and the fourth lever 154 connected to it are deployed in the direction indicated by the arrow "t2", and the first runner 28, pivotally connected to the fourth lever 154, and the second runner 29, pivotally connected to the third lever 152, move in the direction indicated by Christmas tree "v1" (see Fig.7), freeing the first cartridge 3 path into the receiver 33.

Simultaneously with the movement of the first runner 28 and the second runner 29 in the direction of the arrow "w1", the first reducer 94 and the second reducer 95 are deployed and lower the first cartridge 3 into the receiver 33. After the reduction of the first cartridge 3 is completed, the interaction of bonoma 148 is stopped (see. 7) with the first straight section 150 (see figure 4) of the first stop 32 (which continues to move in the direction indicated by the arrow "s1"), and the third two-arm lever 153, the second two-arm lever 151, the third link 155, the third lever 155, fourth lever 154, first runner to 28 and the second runner 29 under the action of the spring mechanism 27 are returned to their original position.

At the same time, the first reducer 94 and the second reducer 95 (see Fig.7) under the action of the first spring 102 also return to their original position.

After the rollback is completed, the coast starts and the receiver 33 together with the first stop 32 (see Fig. 4) move in the direction indicated by the arrow "s2", and interact with Bonom 148 with their second copy section 156 (see Fig. 8) (see Fig. 7), which at the same time moves in the direction indicated by the arrow "y1", and the fifth spring 157 is compressed. Next, the boom 148 interacts with the second straight section 158 (see Fig. 7, 8) of the first stop 32.

At the end of the run, the interaction of the bonom 148 with the first stop 32 (see Fig. 7) ceases, and the bonom 148 under the action of the fifth spring 157 returns to its original position.

During the roll-back cycle, the drive sprocket 7, by means of the hollow drum 49, having a drive from the sliding parts, is rotated in the direction indicated by the arrow "q1" by 1 step, all cartridges 3 are fed in the direction indicated by the arrow "z1", too by 1 step and all parts of the charging system again occupy their original position.

Work in automatic mode when shooting

After sending the cartridge 3, located in the receiver 33 (see Fig.7), a shot is fired. All the retractable parts move in the rollback in the direction indicated by the arrow "s1" (see Fig. 4), and after the rollback is completed - in the direction, in the direction indicated by the arrow "s2".

The interaction of the parts of the loading system in this case occurs similarly to that described above in the "Preparing for shooting" section, with the only difference being that all moving parts move at significantly higher speeds.

It must be added that when the driving sprocket 7 is rotated (see Fig. 7) in the direction indicated by the arrow "q1", due to the elastic properties of the links 20 (see Fig. 3), the load on it from the side of the links 20 and cartridges 3 is not instantly applied but gradually. This reduces the load on the leading sprocket 7 and the hollow drum 49 (see Fig.3, 10).

The charging system in emergency mode with a failure of the recharge mechanism

In this case, the shooting automatically stops, since the connection between the hollow drum 49 (see FIG. 10) and the drive sprocket 7 is disconnected. To continue shooting, the spring-loaded stem 35 must be moved in the direction indicated by the arrow “h1” and fixed in the position shown in FIG. .9. In this case, the kinematic connection of the first driven sprocket 8 (see Fig. 3) and sprocket 142 (see the section "Filling the feeding mechanism paths and the fan conveyor with cartridges") is disconnected. Then, with a standard reloading system (not shown), a “roll-back” is performed, and the next cartridge 3 is lowered into the receiver 33 (see Fig. 7).

Charging system 1 is ready to fire.

In this case, only the cartridges 3 placed on the fan 159 and the first driven sprocket 8 (see FIG. 3) will move during shooting, and the sprocket 142 will be stationary. The length of the firing line will be equal to the number of cartridges 3 located in the fan conveyor 4 (see figure 2). To continue shooting, it is necessary to deploy the fifth guide 14 and the sixth guide 15 (see Fig. 2, 3) in the direction indicated by the arrow "z1", to disconnect the kinematic connection of the hollow drum 49 and the drive sprocket 7. Then manually insert one into the first driven sprocket 8 the cartridge 3 and turn with the sixth shaft 134 (see figure 2) the first driven sprocket 8 in the direction indicated by the arrow "m1", one step. Then put in the first driven sprocket 8 (see figure 3) a second, third, etc. cartridges 3 until they fill the paths of the fan conveyor 4 according to the operations described above in the section "Filling the paths of the feeding mechanism and the fan conveyor with cartridges". After this, it is necessary to ensure the kinematic connection of the hollow drum 49 and the drive sprocket 7 (see figure 3). Then the fifth guide 4 and the sixth guide 15 must be locked in the initial position. After carrying out a regular reload-roll reload system, the artillery gun is ready to fire.

Discharge of ammunition from the fan conveyor

After firing, it is necessary to remove 4 cartridges 3 from the fan conveyor. To do this, you need to disconnect the hollow drum 49 and the drive sprocket 7 (see figure 2). Then rotate the hollow shaft 134 (see FIG. 3) with the handwheel of a manual drive (not shown) in the direction indicated by the arrow “a2” and simultaneously with a manual drive (not shown), the make-up mechanism 2 is driven in the discharge direction. In this case, the cartridges 3 from the fan 159 (see Fig. 3) will be transmitted via the links 20 and the second driven sprocket 9 to the first driven sprocket 8, and from it to the star 142 and further to the feeding mechanism 2 and a hopper (not shown). In case of failure of the feeding mechanism 2 by means of a spring-loaded rod 35 (see FIG. 5), the kinematic connection of the first driven sprocket 8 and sprocket 142 (see FIG. 3) is disconnected, the fifth guide 14 and the sixth guide 15 are turned in the direction indicated the arrow "z1", and the cartridges 3 are manually removed one by one from the first driven sprocket 8 when the sixth shaft 134 is rotated (see FIG. 2) in the direction indicated by the arrow "a2".

The initial position of the parts of the drive mechanism of the fan conveyor

The roller 48 (see Fig. 17) is in the front position and, interacting with the second straight groove 57, fixes the hollow drum 49 (see Fig. 10, 12) from a turn. The first valve 58 and the second valve 59 (see Fig. 14), the third valve 60 and the fourth valve 61 (see Fig. 15) are pressed by the six springs 160 to the first bracket 66 and the second bracket 67, which are fixed from falling out, and the first keys 65 (see Fig. 16, 18) are fixed from a turn. The handle 84 (see Fig. 10) is fixed in a position that ensures the interaction of the end cams 80 (see Fig. 20) of the movable spline driving coupling half 79 with the response cams 161 of the first coupling half 82.

Interaction of parts of the fan conveyor drive mechanism during rollback

When the rollback roll 48 (see Fig.19), moving in the direction indicated by the arrow "t3", interacts with the first surface 68 of the first valve 58 or the second valve 59 (see Fig.14), the first screw groove 50 (see Fig. .19) and turns the hollow drum 49 (see Fig. 10) in the direction indicated by the arrow "u1" (see Figs. 19 and 10). When approaching the third valve 60 or fourth valve 61 (see Fig. 19), the roller 48 interacts with an inclined cylindrical surface 162 (see Fig. 18) (similar to that shown in Figs. 16 and 17), the curvature of which is slightly less than the curvature of the roller 48 Thus, the third valve 60 or the fourth valve 61 (see Fig. 18) is recessed in the direction indicated by the arrow "v2" and the sixth spring 160 is compressed. As it moves in the direction indicated by the arrow "t3" (see Fig. 19 ), the roller 48 interacts with the third end 163 (see Fig. 18), after the termination of their interaction, the third cl pan 60, or the fourth valve 61 under the action of the sixth spring 160 moves in the direction indicated by arrow "w2", and returns to its original position. Then the roller 48 (see Fig. 19) enters the first straight groove 56, fixing the hollow drum 49 (see Fig. 10) from a turn.

The length of the first straight groove 56 is selected from the condition of the fluctuation of the length of the rollback from the minimum to the maximum allowable. Thus, during the rollback, the hollow drum 49 (see FIG. 10) rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow “u1”. Its rotation is transmitted to the third shaft 73 and then to the spline leading coupling half 79, to the first coupling half 82, toothed gear 164 and then to the driving sprocket 7 and the second driven sprocket 9.

The interaction of parts of the drive mechanism of the fan conveyor during rolling

When rolling, the roller 48 (see Fig. 19), moving along the first straight groove 56 in the direction indicated by the arrow "y2", interacts with the second surface 69 of the third valve 60 or fourth valve 61, the second screw grooves 51 and expands the hollow drum 49 ( see figure 10) in the direction of the arrow "u1". When approaching the first valve 58 or the second valve 59, the roller 48 interacts with the inclined cylindrical surface 162 (see Fig. 16 and 17). As a result, the first valve 58 or the second valve 59 moves in the direction indicated by the arrow "z2". In this case, the sixth spring 160 is compressed. As it moves in the direction indicated by the arrow "z2", the roller 48 interacts with the third end 163 of the first valve 58 or the second valve 59, after the termination of their interaction, the first valve 58 or the second valve 59 under the action of the sixth spring 160 moves in the direction indicated by the arrow "a3" and returns to its original position.

Then the roller 48 (see Fig. 19) enters the second straight groove 57, fixing the hollow drum 49 (see Fig. 10) from the turn.

Thus, during the roll-back cycle, the hollow drum 49 rotates 1/2 turn in the direction indicated by the arrow “u1”, and the drive sprocket 7 and the second driven sprocket 9 together with the fan conveyor 4 and the cartridge 3 move 1 step in the feed direction indicated by the x1 arrow. Moreover, at the end of the minimum allowable length of the rollback and the end of the run-up, all parts of the fan conveyor 2 are fixed from moving.

The steps of the first screw grooves 50 and the second screw grooves 51 (see Fig. 19), and therefore, the first angle of inclination 165 and the second angle of inclination 166 of these grooves are made in a ratio directly proportional to the ratio of the maximum values of the speeds of rollback and rollback, respectively, which allows hollow the drum 49 (see figure 10) during rollback and rollback almost have the same speed of rotation in the direction indicated by the arrow "u1" (and therefore the same dynamic forces acting on the entire drive).

The interaction of the parts of the drive mechanism of the fan conveyor when equipped with cartridges

Since the retractable parts with the help of the roller 48 are kinematically connected with the grooves of the hollow drum 49 (see Fig. 10), and to equip the fans of the fan conveyor 4 without recoil, it is necessary to rotate the drive sprocket 7 and the second driven sprocket 9 in the direction indicated by the arrow “x1”, then it becomes necessary to disconnect the kinematic connection of the hollow drum 49 and the drive sprocket 7. For this, the handle 84 (pivotally with a cracker 83 connected to the rod 78) is deployed in the direction indicated by the arrow "d2", is fixed in the position shown in Fig. 19. Moreover, the rod 78 and the movable spline driving coupling half 79 rigidly connected to it move in the direction indicated by the arrow “e2”, and the seventh spring 167 is compressed.

In this case, the end cams 80 (see FIG. 20) of the movable spline leading coupling half 79 with the response cams 161 of the first coupling 82 are disconnected. When the sixth shaft 134 (see FIG. 2) is turned by a flywheel (see FIG. 2), the drive sprocket 7 and the second driven sprocket 9 will rotate and the fan conveyor 4 will move in the feed direction indicated by the arrow “x1” (see FIG. 10). When feeding cartridges from the mechanism 2 (see figure 3) recharge in the fan conveyor 4, they will fill the entire path of the fan conveyor 4.

After completing the supply of cartridges, the handle 84 is released from the position indicated in FIG. 20, and the movable spline drive coupling half 79, under the action of the seventh spring 167, moves in the direction indicated by the arrow "f2", and the handle 84 is turned in the direction indicated by the arrow "g2". In this case, the movable spline drive coupling half 79 is kinematically coupled to the first coupling half 82. If this does not occur as a result of the half-coupling turn and the cams are not engaged, then during the first regular reloading, which is obligatory before firing, the movable splined drive coupling half 79 will unfold (due to the rotation of the hollow drum 49 (see FIG. 10) from the rollback) and under the action of the seventh spring 167 its end cams 80 will engage with the reciprocal cams 161 of the first coupling half 82. The handle 84 will lock in the position indicated on D.10.

The fan conveyor drive mechanism is ready for operation.

The interaction of parts of the drive mechanism of the fan conveyor in an emergency

In case of breakdowns and jamming of the fan conveyor 4 (see figure 2) or distortions of the cartridges 3 in the paths of the loading system during firing, the resistance from the leading sprocket 7 (see figure 10) increases to a critical value, which leads to the opening of the safety switch-off clutch 86, consisting of the first coupling half 82 and the second coupling half 87, interacting with each other using the inclined cams 169 and pressed by the eighth spring 168. The first coupling half 82 moves in the direction indicated by the arrow "e2" (see Fig. 20), and the eighth spring 1 68 is compressed. In any position of the roll-back cycle during the rotation of the hollow drum 49, the supply of the next cartridges 3 is stopped. After eliminating the cause of the malfunction, it is necessary to carry out regular recharging (artificial "rollback"). In this case, the hollow drum 49 and the first half coupling 82 kinematically connected with it are rotated in the direction indicated by the arrow “u1”. During this turn, the inclined cams 169 automatically (due to the influence of the eighth spring 168 on the first coupling half 82) are closed. This restores the previously interrupted connection of the hollow drum 49 with the drive sprocket 7.

Fan conveyor 4 is ready to continue.

The clutch control clutch 88 in the mechanism 47 of the drive of the fan conveyor 4 operates as follows. When the performance of the mechanism 2 (see Fig. 3) is reduced, the recharge is lower than the rate of the artillery gun (due to a malfunction of the fan drive mechanism 47 of the fan conveyor 4) or the power supply to the drive motor of the recharge mechanism 2 is switched off while the artillery gun is running, the pendulum (not shown) using flexible traction 93 (see Fig. 10) expands the first sear 92 (clockwise), while the fork lever 91 is released, which, under the influence of the ninth spring 170, is deployed (clockwise) and moves the movable coupling half 89 to contact with the fixed coupling half 90, while the first end teeth 171 of the movable coupling 89 are engaged with the second end teeth 172 of the fixed coupling 90. The number of first end teeth 171 and second end teeth 172 of the movable coupling 89 and the fixed coupling half 90 and the force of the ninth spring 170 are selected based on the conditions for ensuring the clutch response of the movable coupling half 89 and the fixed coupling half 90. The bevel on the idle surface 173 of the first end teeth 171 and the second end teeth 172 improves the adhesion conditions moving coupling half 89 and fixed coupling half 90. When coupling the coupling coupling 89 and fixed coupling 90, the second coupling half 87 and the first coupling coupling 82 are loaded with critical torque, which causes them to turn off, and the fan conveyor 4 stops almost instantly at any position of the sliding parts (hollow drum 49 continues to rotate until the roll-back cycle is completed).

Shooting automatically stops due to the cessation of the filing of the next cartridge 3 in the receiver 33 (see Fig.7) machine. The design provides for the rapid restoration of the kinematic connection between the hollow drum 49 and the drive sprocket 7 (see Fig. 10) after eliminating the causes of the emergency. To do this, it is necessary to turn the fork lever 91 (counterclockwise) until the first whisper 92 falls behind it under the action of the tenth spring 174. At the same time, the movable coupling half 89 disengages from the stationary coupling half 90 and a gap 175 is ensured (in the case of disconnection of the second coupling half 87 and the first coupling half 82 due to an emergency occurring on the fan conveyor, clearance 175 is not violated).

After providing clearance 175, it is necessary to carry out a roll-back cycle using a standard recharging method.

The operation of the device for reducing cartridges on the sending line

In the rollback, the second stop 104, running into the copier 101, turns it into the position indicated in Fig. 22 by a dotted line. In this case, the second bevel gear 99 together with the fourth shaft 96 also rotates. The first reducer 94 and the second reducer 95 (see Fig. 7), rigidly connected to the fourth shaft 96, will occupy the position indicated by a dotted line in Fig. 7, compressing the return first spring 102 and feeding the cartridge 3 from the fan conveyor 4 (see figure 2) to the line sending. After the interaction in the rollback of the second stop 104 with the copier 101, the first reducer 94, the second reducer 95 and the copier 101 are returned to their original position by the action of the compressed first spring 102, and the drive sprocket 7, driven by the rolling parts, will begin to move the fan conveyor 2 by 1 step. At the end of the run, the second stop 104, colliding on the side bevel of the copier 101, is recessed and, having slipped it, returns to its original position by the second spring 105. After that, the mechanism is prepared for the next cycle.

Rammer operation

When rolling back the moving parts of the artillery gun (artificial - to send the first cartridge 3), the carriage 107 (see Figs. 23 and 24) under the influence of the auto-sear 133 moves together with the moving parts, i.e. and with the receiver 33. In this case, the carriage 107 rotates relative to the first hinge 111 and the hinge rails 109 and rotates around the fifth shaft 113 the first lever 112, which, by means of the shoulder levers 114 and the first rods 120, compresses the sending springs 116. At a certain moment of movement of the carriage 107 together with movable parts of the artillery gun, the auto-sear 133 is sunk, the carriage, under the action of compressed suction springs 116, moves forward, meets cartridge 3 fed into the receiver 33 along its way and by means of a second pusher 108 tells him the necessary speed. With the further movement of the carriage 107, the buffer stops 122 of the first rods 120 abut against the buffer sets of Belleville springs 121 and, thus, stop the carriage 107. When cartridge 3 reaches the desired position in the barrel bore, closes the bolt (not shown) and returns the moving parts of the artillery gun a shot is fired into the starting position and the described cycle is repeated.

Operation of the rammer release mechanism

By turning on the electromagnet 125 (see FIGS. 23 and 24), the second sear 124 is rotated, releasing the second lever 126. At the same time, the second rod 127 rotates the latch 128 and locks the spring-loaded lever 130 with the emphasis 131 of the extended recoil placed therein.

The carriage 107 under the action of the suction spring 116 goes forward and sends the cartridge 3 into the barrel chamber (not shown) to produce a shot. After the shot during the rollback, the auto-sear 133 rests against the carriage 107 and cockes it, while the trigger lever 132 sequentially flushes (“clicks”) the stop 129 of the minimum rollback and the stop 131 of the increased rollback. At the same time, the next cartridge 3 is fed into the receiver 33. When rolling, the release lever 132 runs on the nearest stop 131 of the increased recoil or emphasis 129 of the minimum pullback and is deployed on it together with the auto sear 133, ensuring the release of the carriage 107 and the sending of the next cartridge 3 into the barrel barrel (not shown).

The described operation cycle is automatically repeated until the electromagnet 125 is turned on. When the electromagnet 125 is turned off, the second whisper 124, under the action of the eleventh spring 176, returns to its original position and opens the spring lever 130. At the beginning of the run, the release lever 132, running onto the stop 131 of the increased recoil, turns the open spring-loaded lever 130 and passes the emphasis 131 of the increased rollback without turning and not releasing the carriage 107. With further movement, the second lever 126 sits on the second sear 124, stopping pouring the carriage 107 and preventing the sending and firing of the next cartridge 3.

Using the invention allows:

1. To modernize existing automatic artillery installations by replacing their loading systems with the proposed one.

2. Apply a loading system for fanless automatic artillery guns, such as tank and aircraft.

3. To ensure high survivability of the fan conveyor links, since the cartridge in the link is not fixed by stops, but is driven by them along all paths freely, without pinching and, therefore, without significant static loads resulting from deformation.

4. Significantly reduce weight and size characteristics by:

- firstly, reducing the size of the fan conveyor in height, since the feed cartridges are moved by a chain of fan conveyor, covering the stars from below;

- secondly, due to the lack of the need for each cartridge to have a link, which reduces the metal consumption of the installation as a whole, reduces moving masses and, consequently, dynamic loads on the fan of the fan conveyor, which allows all drive elements to be made more compact.

5. Significantly increase the reliability of the loading system as a whole, since in no part of the supply path of the fan conveyor the cartridges in one cycle move more than one step from one position to another without shifting.

6. Significantly simplify the maintenance of the automatic artillery installation as a whole, since there is no need to carry out such complex and time-consuming operations as equipping and discharging the cartridges of the fan conveyor, therefore, the proposed loading system is safer to operate, since it eliminates the possibility of accidents when handling ammunition personnel.

7. Significantly simplify the inspection of cartridges located in the paths of the fan conveyor, since any cartridge can be deployed around its axis.

8. Significantly simplify the design of the link, increase its manufacturability, as it is made by stamping without drawing.

9. Significantly increase the combat readiness of the automatic artillery installation, since when the feeding mechanism fails, you can continue firing in short bursts.

10. Significantly increase the mobility of the automatic artillery installation as a whole, since when cartridges are used up, they are recharged automatically and quickly.

11. Significantly reduce the dynamic loads acting on the drive of the fan conveyor, as the links are elastic and load the drive gradually, rather than instantly.

12. Significantly reduce the dynamics of the feed mechanism due to an increase in the operating time of the drive (and consequently, a decrease in speed) when moving its moving parts by one step, because "idle" occurring during rollback is excluded.

13. Significantly increase the reliability of the work by implementing a two-way kinematic connection of the drive of the feed mechanism with the sliding parts, which eliminates the increase in loads and breakage when most of the cartridges are used up (when their speed and acceleration increase due to a decrease in the moving mass connected to the spring mechanism, the energy intensity of which is calculated by the maximum value of the attached masses).

14. Significantly increase the rate of fire without increasing the dynamics of the drive of the fan conveyor by using both half-cycles of the movement of the rolling parts to move the moving parts of the fan conveyor.

15. Significantly reduce shock loads acting on the drive elements of the fan conveyor, because the screw grooves of the drum smoothly go straight, and vice versa, and there are no drive elements disengaged from each other in the rollback and engaged with the shock at the beginning of the working stroke.

Claims (3)

1. The loading system of an automatic artillery installation containing a mechanism for feeding cartridges, a fan conveyor, a device for reducing cartridges on the sending line and a rammer, characterized in that the fan conveyor includes a drive sprocket, a first driven sprocket, the axis of which coincides with the axis of the pins, the second driven a sprocket that is kinematically connected to the leading sprocket and parallel to the first driven sprocket, the first guide, the second guide, the third guide, the fourth guide, the fifth guide the sixth, the sixth guide for cartridges, as well as the seventh, the eighth guide, the ninth guide, the tenth guide for the fan conveyor links, the seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth guides for the fan conveyor links are made in the form of a closed profile plate enveloping the first drive shaft sprockets and the second shaft of the second driven sprocket, and the links of the fan conveyor are made in the form of an elastic closed chain with the possibility of free landing of cartridges in its links, in addition, in the fan transport EPer additionally introduced a mechanism for distributing cartridges and a mechanism for controlling the interaction of the fan conveyor with a feeding mechanism, a mechanism for distributing cartridges is mounted on the first case at the output end of the fourth guide for cartridges and is made in the form of two, kinematically connected and spring-loaded spring mechanism relative to the first case, the first runner and the second skid mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement in the first T-shaped groove and the second T-shaped groove, made in the first housing and interacting with the feed cartridge and the first emphasis of the receiver, the mechanism for controlling the interaction of the fan conveyor with the feed mechanism is located on the hollow shaft of the first driven sprocket and consists of a spring-loaded rod with a cylindrical copier, placed inside the hollow shaft, the first cylindrical gear wheel, rigidly fixed at the end of the hollow shaft, and the second cylindrical gear having the ability to rotate relative to the hollow shaft, and bushings are fixed on the first cylindrical gear wheel with the first pushers entering the radial holes of the hollow shaft, and the spring-loaded first two-arm levers with the possibility of turning them on the axes, and in the second cylindrical gear wheel an annular protrusion with grooves, the arrangement of which corresponds to the location of the spring-loaded first two-arm levers interacting with the first shoulder with the grooves, and the second shoulder with the first pushers, interacting, in turn, with the cylindrical copier suppressed rod, while the first driven sprocket using the first cylindrical gear wheel is kinematically connected with the second driven sprocket, and with the help of the second cylindrical gear wheel with a feeding mechanism, the fan conveyor drive mechanism interacting with the roller of the rolling parts is made in the form of a hollow drum having two first screw grooves and two second screw grooves evenly spaced around the circumference, the first two screw grooves being left-handed, two second screw grooves are made are right-handed, and the values of their steps are directly proportional to the maximum speeds of half-cycles of the movement of the retractable parts in the rollback and on the run, while the grooves of adjacent pairs of grooves intersect each other on the one hand at the first point and the second point corresponding to the minimum allowable rollback of the retractable parts , and on the other hand intersect at the third point and at the fourth point, corresponding to a rollback length of zero, the first screw grooves and second screw grooves of adjacent pairs of grooves after crossing smoothly go into the first rectilinear grooves and the second rectilinear grooves, in addition, two pairs of coaxially located spring-loaded valves are additionally introduced into the hollow drum - the first spring-loaded valve, the second spring-loaded valve, the third spring-loaded valve, the fourth spring-loaded valve, located, respectively, in two through transverse cylindrical holes - the first cylindrical hole and the second cylindrical hole made in the hollow drum in the zones of the first point, second point, third point and, a fourth intersection point of the first screw grooves and the second screw grooves, wherein the first valve, the second valve, the third valve and the fourth valve are independently axially movable along the first cylindrical hole and the second cylindrical hole, and on the forming surfaces of these holes keyways, wherein each pair of valves is a first valve, a second valve, a third valve and a fourth valve are kept from turning by the first common keys located in the keyways Navka, and from axial movement outside the outer surface of the hollow drum are held by the first and second brackets mounted on the hollow drum, the first valve, second valve, third valve and fourth valve with their first surfaces and second surfaces of the end parts on the one hand make up the parts of the first screw the grooves and second screw grooves of the hollow drum, interrupted by a transverse through the first cylindrical hole and the second cylindrical hole, and on the other side of the end parts of the valves The third surface and the fourth surface on the lateral surfaces of the first brackets and second brackets are filled and are a continuation of the interrupted parts of the first screw grooves and second screw grooves in the areas where the first valve, second valve, third valve and fourth valve are located, the control device of the fan conveyor drive mechanism is made in the form the third shaft, rigidly and coaxially mounted on the hollow drum and having a bore, a through groove, a spline section and a smooth section, and inside the third shaft movably placed the rod is connected, and a spring-loaded spline leading coupling half with end cams is movably placed on the splined section, connected by means of a finger to the rod and interacting with the first coupling half, freely mounted on the third shaft and kinematically connected with the driving sprocket, at the end of the rod there is a cracker interacting with the handle , which is fixed relative to the second housing in two positions, the first shaft of the fan conveyor parallel to the axis of the barrel channel is connected to the hollow drum through a safety switch clutch consisting of a first coupling half and a second coupling half, the first coupling half kinematically rigidly connected to the hollow drum, and the second coupling half kinematically rigidly connected to the first shaft parallel to the axis of the bore, while the safety switch-off clutch is kinematically connected to the clutch control clutch consisting of a movable coupling half and a fixed coupling coupling, the movable coupling coupling of the control clutch on the one hand kinematically connected to the second coupling coupling of the safety clutch, and on the other hand via a forked lever and the first sear mounted on the second housing, and a flexible traction interact with pendulum infeed unit arranged on a gun carriage, and a fixed half-clutch control of the clutch is rigidly connected with the second body. 2. The loading system of the automatic artillery installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for reducing cartridges on the sending line contains the first and second reducers rigidly connected to the fourth shaft, on the right end of which there is a first bevel gear fixed from rotation on the fourth shaft with using a second key, the first bevel gear being engaged with the second bevel gear freely sitting on the axis, a copier having a bevel on the side surface is attached to the second bevel gear, the first reducer there is a second shoulder against which the first spring abuts, while the first reducer, the second reducer and the copier kinematically connected to them are held in the initial position by the stop, in addition, the second stop is located on the receiver, made recessed in its seat, compressing the second spring when it occurs the force directed along the axis of the second stop, and held from falling out of the socket by a pin. 3. The loading system of an automatic artillery installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the rammer includes a carriage with a second pusher and articulated guides located in the guide grooves of the receiver mounted on the breech of the barrel, the carriage is connected to the first lever by the first hinge, fixed through the fifth shaft on the second housing, the first lever is spring-loaded through the shoulder levers and the fifth shaft with two identical spring assemblies containing a suction spring located in the glass, articulated heated on the second case, the exhaust spring is pressed by the lid of the glass and the third stop of the first link pivotally connected to the shoulder lever, a set of disk springs is placed in the lid of the glass, which interact with the buffer stop of the first link, the descent mechanism has a second sear made in the form of the second housing of the two shoulders of the lever, one shoulder of which is made interacting with the starting electromagnet, and the other shoulder is made in the form of a stop for the second lever, which is mounted on the fifth shaft with the first lever of the rammer, while the second whisper is connected by the second rod with a latch made in the form of a two-shouldered lever and mounted on the second case, on which there is a stop of a minimum recoil and a spring-loaded lever with an emphasis of increased recoil, the emphasis of a minimum recoil and the emphasis of increased recoil are spring loaded and have one-sided bevels for “snapping” their trigger lever when rolling back, and on the receiver on the same axis the trigger lever is fixed, interacting with the emphasis of minimal rollback and focus increase nnogo rollback, and a spring-loaded avtosheptalo formed interacting with the rammer.

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