RU2231249C1 - Method for enhancing productivity of crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, biology.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used for stimulating processes in vital activity of plants. Method involves treatment of soil and presowing treatment of seeds using activating substances. Method involves using organic compounds stimulating the formation of oxygen reactive species under effect of optical radiation as derivatives of some quinines and flavonoids taken in the concentration 5 x 10^-5 - 10^-8 M. Irrigation water is treated by optical radiation in the wave ranges 0.29-0.6 mcm with intensity 0.1-1 Wt/m² in the dose 30-100 J/m². In presowing treatment seeds are wetted in an aqueous solution containing mentioned substances. Method promotes to enhancing productivity of crops in providing optimal level of oxygen active species in soil, hydroponics, irrigation water, in water for period of seeds wetting.

EFFECT: improved enhancing method.

7 cl, 1 tbl, 5 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and biology and can be used to stimulate the vital processes of plants.

Known methods for influencing various factors on processes occurring in agricultural production, namely, pre-sowing seed treatment with mineral fertilizers, electromagnetic fields of a wide spectrum of frequencies, as well as optical radiation. Watering is carried out using appropriately prepared water.

The known method of simultaneous irrigation and nutrition of plants, by introducing trace elements and fertilizers into irrigation water by means of a root feeder (RU 2142699 C1, A 01 G 25/00, A 01 C 21/00, 12/20/1998), which is advisable in greenhouses. A known method and device for saturating the irrigation stream with rare metal additives in the form of ions using electrolysis (RU 2071245 C1, A 01 G 25/00, 01/10/1997), requiring a sufficiently powerful energy source. Agricultural equipment is also known for energy processing of the soil through various electrical and magnetic effects: ionization of moistened air with additives of easily ionizing fertilizers, soil ionization, harrowing of seedlings of grain and other plants. Devices for generation are placed directly on the harrow (RU 95100166/13 A1, A 01 B 19/00, 49/06, A 01 G 7/04, 11/20/1996).

Physical methods for stimulating plants are also known. For example, a known method of processing cuttings of roses, including processing by optical radiation, namely a green laser with a wavelength of 500-530 nm and an intensity of 50-60 mW / cm ² for several minutes. An increase in the number of rooted seedlings and an increase in the volume of the root system (RU 2171028 C1, A 01 G 7/04, 07.27.2001) are shown.

A known method of increasing the yield of various plants and other biological objects of plant origin by exposure to electromagnetic radiation on the objects themselves, as well as on water in which the seeds of the crops are soaked, water and spray the plants (RU 2090053 C1, A 01 G 7/00, 7/04 09/20/1997). The amplitude parameters of the pulses of electromagnetic radiation are selected depending on the type of plant and phase of development.

There is a method of increasing field germination of legume seeds, in which zeolite-containing clays pretreated with hydrogen peroxide are used as mineral fertilizers, which are added to the rows when sowing (RU 2152705 C2, A 01 C 21/00, 20.07.2000). The specified agrotechnical measure, as indicated in the description of the invention, allows to increase germination, productivity and nitrogen fixation, in particular, due to the presence of a significant amount of active oxygen, which increases the permeability of the membranes and stimulates the respiration of germinating seeds. However, the use of hydrogen peroxide, even in the recommended low dilutions (1%), when processing significant volumes of clay is technologically difficult and unsafe. The specified method is the closest in technical essence to the invention.

The objective of the invention is to provide a method of influencing the system “water-soil-plants”, which affects the hormonal background of plants.

The technical result of the invention is to increase crop yields while ensuring the optimal level of reactive oxygen species in soil, hydroponics, irrigation water, and water during the soaking of seeds.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of increasing crop yields includes tillage using activator substances, in which pre-sowing treatment of seeds is performed using activator substances, which are used as organic compounds that stimulate the formation of reactive oxygen species under the influence of optical radiation, in the form derivatives of a number of quinones or flavonoids in a concentration of 5 · 10 ^-5 -10 ^-8 mol, and when processing the soil using irrigation water containing the above substances, and processing optical radiation in the wavelength range of 0.29-0.6 μm with an intensity of 0.1-1 W / m ² at a dose of 30-100 J / m ² .

The method may be characterized in that di-, tri- and tetramethylbenzoquinones and / or mono- and dimethylbenzoquinones and / or 2-methylnaphthoquinone and / or 1,2-dimethylnaphthoquinone are used as derivatives of a number of quinones.

The method can also be characterized by the fact that naphthoflavone is used as derivatives of a number of flavonoids.

The method can be characterized, in addition, by pre-sowing treatment of cereal seeds soaking them in an aqueous solution containing the said substances and pre-treated with the mentioned optical radiation.

The method can also be characterized by the fact that during the pre-sowing treatment of the seeds, they are soaked in an aqueous solution containing the said substances, and then they are treated with the said optical radiation at least four times with exposures of 20-30 minutes with an interval of 4-6 hours.

The method may also be characterized in that the soil treatment is carried out in the process of plant development by irrigation with water solution of said substances at least twice.

The method can be characterized, in addition, by the fact that soil treatment is carried out after planting by applying said substances to the soil surface in dry form on a sorbent, mainly on granular sand, made with the possibility of releasing said substances during irrigation, while watering is carried out daily for 4-6 days at the rate of 0.8-1.2 l / m ² .

The patented method is based on the following prerequisites and provisions.

, гидроксид-радикал

и другие в определенных концентрациях являются клеточными медиаторами - гормонами высокого ранга. Они включены в сигнальные каскады биохимических реакций, запускающих процессы деления клеток (митоз) и программируемую смерть клетки (апоптоз). Особенность этих медиаторов состоит в том, что в отличие от большинства гормонов они синтезируются не только внутри организма, но и во внешней среде, в частности в почве, точнее в почвенных водах. Уровень этого типа медиаторов во внешней среде может, таким образом, оказывать влияние на развитие организма. Особенно существенное влияние эти медиаторы могут оказывать на развитие растений через почвенные воды.More recently, it has been found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a superoxide radical

hydroxide radical

and others in certain concentrations are cellular mediators - hormones of high rank. They are included in signaling cascades of biochemical reactions that trigger cell division processes (mitosis) and programmed cell death (apoptosis). The peculiarity of these mediators is that, unlike most hormones, they are synthesized not only inside the body, but also in the external environment, in particular in the soil, more precisely in soil waters. The level of this type of mediators in the external environment can, therefore, have an effect on the development of the organism. These mediators can have a particularly significant effect on the development of plants through soil water.

в воде, омывающей корни проростков пшеницы, резко тормозит развитие растений, нарушает нормальный процесс морфогенеза. Из этого следует вывод, что для повышения урожайности существенным является обеспечение в почве, поливной воде и вблизи корневой системы растений оптимальных количеств АФК: упомянутых радикалов

,

.It is known (see the article by B.Yu.Shorning, E.G. Smirnova, L.S. Yaguzhinsky, and B.F. Vanyushin, Biochemistry, Volume 65, No. 12, 2000, pp. 1612-1617) that a decrease in the level of superoxide -radical

in water, washing the roots of wheat seedlings, it drastically inhibits the development of plants, disrupts the normal process of morphogenesis. It follows from this that, in order to increase productivity, it is essential to ensure the optimal amounts of ROS in the soil, irrigation water, and near the root system of plants: these radicals

,

.

In the patented invention, organic compounds that stimulate the formation of ROS under the influence of optical radiation are used as growth activating substances, mainly derivatives of a number of quinones and / or flavonoids in a concentration of 5 · 10 ^-5 -10 ^-8 mol.

Derivatives of a number of quinones include: di-, tri- and tetramethylbenzoquinones; corresponding hydroxymethyl derivatives: mono and dioximethylbenzoquinones; compounds of a number of naphthoquinones: 2-methylnaphthoquinone, 1, 2-dimethylnaphthoquinone. These compounds can be used both separately and in a mixture.

Derivatives of a number of flavonoids include naphthoflavone.

Irrigation water containing the aforementioned substances is treated with optical radiation in the wavelength range of 0.29-0.6 μm with an intensity of 0.1-1 W / m ² at a dose of 30-100 J / m ² . For this purpose, devices for irradiating a liquid of either flowing or submersible type, the construction of which is known, can be used. It is convenient to use mercury-quartz lamps, for example, a PRK type, whose radiation maximum lies in the ultraviolet region as radiation sources. Since the lifetime of ROS after irradiation is quite short, the irrigation process must be carried out immediately after irradiation. One of the preferred embodiments is the use of an irradiating nozzle directly in the area of the outlet nozzle of the irrigation line.

In the event that pre-sowing activation of cereal seeds is carried out, they are soaked in an aqueous solution containing these substances, and then treated with optical radiation. Such treatment is carried out at least three times during the day before sowing. Soaking time is 24 hours. After this activation, the seeds are sown in the ground.

Activation of seeds of other crops can be performed in another way. The seeds are first soaked in an aqueous solution containing these substances, and then the dry seeds are treated with optical radiation for at least four exposures of 20-30 minutes with an interval of 4-6 hours.

In the process of plant development, watering the plants with an aqueous solution of the aforementioned growth activating substances is carried out at least twice. This is due to the fact that a single watering is insufficient due to the short lifetime of ROS.

The effectiveness of the method can be improved if, after planting the plants, these substances are applied to the soil surface in dry form on a sorbent. Such sorbents can be various compounds, mainly of natural origin, such as carbonates, phosphorites, on the surface of which layers of the used organic compounds are created. Among these substances, it is convenient to use natural granular quartz sand of various fractions, the particle surface of which is an adsorbent for the used organic substances. After entering the surface layers of the soil, ROS activators (quinones, flavonoids) are released during irrigation and fall on the surface of moist soil, where they are irradiated with sunlight. The resulting mediators can affect the development of plants through soil water. Watering is carried out daily for 4-6 days at a rate of 0.8-1.2 l / m ² .

Example 1

A solution of derivatives of a number of quinones is prepared in advance, namely: 3-6 g of a reagent - tetramethylbenzoquinone in 1000 liters of water, which provides an approximate concentration of 5 · 10 ^-5 mol. Then, irrigation water containing the above substances is treated with optical radiation in the range of 0.29-0.365 μm with an intensity of 0.5 W / m ² at a dose of 50 J / m ² . The prepared aqueous solution is passed through a transparent spiral, along the axis of which there is a mercury-quartz lamp equipped with a filter that provides maximum radiation in the specified range of ultraviolet radiation, and is used immediately after irradiation.

Seeds of wheat of the Moskovskaya-39 variety were soaked in a prepared activating solution for 45 minutes, then dried and sown. The treated plots were seeded with experimental plots of 1.3 × 3 m in size. During the growth and formation of plants, the plants were irrigated three times with an aqueous solution of the substances mentioned.

The number of grains in an ear and the weight of grains at the stage of full maturation were recorded. As a result of the experiment, an increase in the weight of grains per one plant was established in relation to the control (see table).

Example 2

Analogously to example 1, a solution of derivatives of a number of quinones is preliminarily prepared, namely: 3 g of tetramethylbenzoquinone per 1000 liters of water, which provides a concentration of about 5 · 10 ^-5 mol. Seeds of wheat of the Moskovskaya-39 variety are soaked in prepared aqueous solution. Then, the treated seeds are exposed to optical radiation in the range of 0.29-0.365 μm with an intensity of 0.5 W / m ² four times with exposures of 30 minutes with an interval of 4-6 hours.

The treated plots were sown with experimental plots of 1.3 × 3 m in size. In the process of plant development, the plants were irrigated three times with an aqueous solution of the mentioned activator substances, as in Example 1.

The number of grains in an ear and the weight of grains at the stage of full maturation were recorded. As a result of the experiment, an increase in the number of grains in an ear and the weight of grains per one plant in relation to the control was established (see table).

Example 3

The same as in example 1, but using as a stimulant a derivative of a series of flavonoids - naphthoflavone in the calculation of 5 g per 1000 l of water, which provides an approximate concentration of 4 · 10 ^-5 mol. The results are presented in the table.

Example 4

Preparation and processing of seeds is similar to that described in example 1. Pre-prepared dry carrier based on granular river sand, which is moistened with a saturated solution (at 20 ° C) - tetramethylbenzoquinone, after which the sand is dried. After planting the said preparation is applied to the soil surface in a dry form. Watering is carried out daily for 4-6 days at the rate of 0.8-1.2 l / m ² . The results are summarized in table.

Example 5

The same as in example 3, but for naphthoflavone, as well as using a dry carrier based on granular sand (example 4). The results are presented in the table.

Claims (7)

1. A method of increasing crop yields, including soil cultivation using activator substances, characterized in that the pre-sowing treatment of seeds is performed using activator substances, which are used as organic compounds that stimulate the formation of reactive oxygen species under the influence of optical radiation, in the form of derivatives series of quinones or flavonoids in a concentration of 5 × 10 ^{-5 to} 10 ^-8 mol, and the soil treatment using irrigation water containing said substance and the treated optical radiation m in the wavelength range 0,29-0,6 microns with the intensity of 0.1-1 W / m ² at a dose of 30-100 J / m ^2. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that di-, tri- and tetramethylbenzoquinones, and / or mono-and dimethylbenzoquinones, and / or 2-methylnaphthoquinone, and / or 1,2-dimethylnaphthoquinone are used as derivatives of a number of quinones. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that naphthoflavone is used as derivatives of a number of flavonoids. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that during the pre-sowing treatment of cereal seeds, they are soaked in an aqueous solution containing the said substances and pre-treated with the said optical radiation. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that during the pre-sowing treatment of the seeds, they are soaked in an aqueous solution containing the said substances, and then they are treated with the said optical radiation for at least four exposures of 20-30 minutes with an interval of 4 -6 hours 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the soil treatment is carried out in the process of plant development by irrigation with water solution of the substances mentioned at least twice. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the soil treatment is carried out after planting by introducing the said substances onto the soil surface in dry form on a sorbent, mainly on granular sand, made with the possibility of releasing said substances during irrigation, this watering is carried out daily for 4-6 days at the rate of 0.8-1.2 l / m ² .