RU2228586C2 - Pneumatic seeding unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, seeding units for small seed crops drill. SUBSTANCE: pneumatic seeding unit has seed hopper communicated with excessive air pressure source, seed flow synchronizer coupled to drill wheel, agitator communicated with seed hopper through annular gap, distributing device and air ducts. Ejector arranged in seed hopper is composed of ejector air duct and feeding chamber, which is communicated via feeding chamber opening with seed hopper cavity. Section of feeding chamber is controlled by means of diaphragm. Seed hopper is composed of two parts connected with one another through screw-type regulator allowing level of arrangement of ejector above agitator to be regulated and, accordingly, constant specific seeding rate of seeding unit to be provided. Agitator is axially aligned with feeding chamber and is made in the form of hollow cylinder with seed baffling shield and annular shutter positioned on the outside of cylinder. Annular shutter defines in conjunction with seed hopper bottom annular gap. Drop frame mounted onto seed hopper charging opening is made from air-permeable material, such as netted material. Shutters are mounted inside air ducts. Seeding unit of such construction is used for seeding of small seed crops, such as amaranth. EFFECT: uniform seed distribution over seeding area, optimal seeding rate providing formation of herbage having structure enabling stable crop yield, and increased workability of construction owing to absence of movable parts. 4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to seed drills, and can be used for sowing small-seeded crops.

Known hydraulic seeder A 01 C 7/00; A.S. No. 1678225 with a priority of 10/30/89, publication date 09/23/91, bull. No. 35, designed for uniform sowing of germinated seeds through the use of a sowing apparatus, a mixing chamber, an output line, a source of compressed air, operating as follows: first, the source of compressed air is turned on and the compressed air is sent through the duct and check valve to the mixing chamber, then to the tank - the mixer through the filler hole pour liquid, such as water. Seeds are poured into the liquid through the filler opening, the stream of compressed air keeps the seeds constantly in suspension, the gears of the sowing apparatus are driven into rotation from the seeder wheels when the unit moves through the transmission. The metering unit draws in a mixture of seeds and liquid through a siphon and directs the mixture through the coulter.

The disadvantage of this device is that under the influence of a liquid the shell of the seeds gets wet, becomes sticky, and air bubbles carry the seeds to the surface and they stick to the walls of the mixer at the level of the surface of the liquid. The presence of rubbing parts (gears) allows trauma to seeds, leads to natural wear of gears, which increases the gap between their teeth in the mating places and - to increase the throughput of the sowing apparatus (which is not regulated in any way), which, in turn, leads to thickening of crops and becomes inapplicable for sowing small seed crops.

Known hydraulic seeder A 01 C 7/00, A.S. No. 1741638, priority date 03/30/90, publication date 06/23/92, bull. Number 23.

This seeder works as follows: a portion of seeds is poured into the mixing chamber, as well as the required amount of liquid from the tank. When the tractor engine is running, its exhaust gases through the pneumatic pipeline enter the gap between the bottoms of the mixing chamber, pass through the holes of the upper bottom, carry out the movement of seeds and additional heating of the carrier fluid. Before the mixing chamber, the exhaust gases pass through a heat exchange space located in the tank, while the liquid carrier is heated and the exhaust gases are cooled. For the mixture to enter the coulter, open the control valve.

The disadvantage of this design is, as in the above device, the adhesion of seeds to the walls of the mixing chamber at the surface of the liquid. In connection with the use of exhaust gases, they dissolve in water, which leads to toxicity of seeds. The crane does not provide a uniform seed supply, as its design does not provide for control of the flow of the mixture when changing the speed of the seeder.

The closest analogue to the claimed device of the metering unit and selected as an analogue is a pneumatic seeder A 01 C 7/04, A.S. No. 1099869, priority date 01/23/81, publication date 06/30/84, bull. No. 24, containing a seed hopper in communication with a source of excess air pressure, a seed flow synchronizer associated with the seeder wheel, a seed meter connected to a dispenser having a central material pipe and seed tubes located on the periphery, the seed meter is made in the form of a flowing pneumatic chamber, communicating through an annular slot in the area of the material pipeline with the hopper and through the duct with another chamber having nozzles located opposite the seed tubes of the switchgear, which provided with a seed level sensor designed as a pneumatic chamber connected with the duct flow chamber and having a seed metering valve associated with the rod through the diaphragm disposed on the top of the dispenser.

The disadvantage of this device is that the seeds located in the dispenser act on the membrane and bend it, while the rod lifts the damper and air flows into the atmosphere, the pressure in the metering chamber drops sharply and the seeds fall under the influence of gravity into the hopper. Due to the difference in the effective areas of the membrane and the shutter, the rod goes down and the pressure rises sharply in the seed meter, the outflowing air from the annular gap feeds the seeds into the material pipe and dispenser again, and the cycle repeats, i.e. the seed supply and the movement of the seeder are not coordinated and the seed supply does not depend on the speed of the seeder, which leads to uneven seeding of seeds.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the uniformity of sowing of small-seeded crops, for example, amaranth, and ensuring accuracy of up to 0.003 kg / ha and sowing rate of 0.01 kg / ha.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in a pneumatic sowing device containing a seed hopper in communication with a source of excess air pressure, a seed flow synchronizer associated with the seeder wheel, a mixer communicating with the hopper through an annular gap, a distribution device and air ducts, an ejector is located in the seed hopper a device consisting of an ejector duct and a receiving chamber communicating with the cavity of the seed hopper through the opening of the receiving chamber, the passage section of which is adjustable diaphragm, and the seed hopper is made of two parts, interconnected by means of a screw regulator that allows you to adjust the height of the ejector device above the mixer, keeping the specific metering device constant, and the mixer is mounted coaxially with the receiving chamber and is made in the form of a hollow cylinder, on the outside the side of which there is a seed-reflecting visor and an annular valve, forming an annular gap with the bottom of the seed hopper, is installed on the loading hole of the seed hopper detecting transom flap made of vozduhoprovodyaschih, e.g., mesh, material and the duct are installed damper.

The drawing shows a pneumatic sowing apparatus containing a seed hopper 1, consisting of an upper part 2, with a loading hole 21, on which a hinged transom 4 is installed, and the lower part 3; an ejector device 5, consisting of an ejector duct 7, a receiving chamber 6, in the passage opening 22 of which a diaphragm 8 is installed; seed tube 9, seed flow synchronizer 10, mixer 11, on which the seed-reflecting visor 12 and the annular valve 13 are installed, forming with the bottom of the lower part 3 of the hopper 1 an annular gap 14, a lifting duct 15, an overpressure source 16, the shutter 17, the grid 18, the drive 19, screw adjuster 20.

The sowing device works as follows:

Seeds are loaded into the seed hopper 1 through the feed opening 21 when the mesh transom 4 is folded down, then the feed opening is closed by the mesh transom 4.

From the source of excess pressure 16, air flows into the ejector 7 and lift 15 air ducts. The seed stream enters the grid 18 through the annular gap 14 between the annular valve 13 and the bottom of the lower part 3 of the seed hopper 1. The seeds are mixed with the upward air flow in the mixer 11, on the outer surface of which there is a seed-reflecting visor 12, designed to damp the seed pressure in place the location of the annular gap, rise upward, spreading in the cavity of the seed hopper 1. When the seed drill begins to move through the drive 19 from the field wheel (not shown), the seed flow synchronizer 10, open yvayuschee aperture 8 of the receiving chamber 6. Ejector device 5 sucks semyavozdushnuyu mixture and conveys it through the air flow seminal duct 9 to the working bodies embedded drills (not shown). In this case, the height of the ejector device above the mixer is controlled by a screw regulator 20.

The seed-air mixture that does not enter the ejector device 5 is separated: air is removed through the mesh transom 4, and the seeds settle to the bottom of the lower part 3 of the hopper 1.

In the process of movement of the seeder across the field, the seed flow synchronizer 10 operates in the function of tracking the translational speed of the seeder and changes the working position of the diaphragm 8, which regulates the flow area of the receiving chamber 6 of the ejector device 5, while maintaining the specific feed rate of the sowing device.

The seeding rate is regulated by the height of the annular gap 14 between the annular shutter 13 and the bottom of the lower part 3 of the hopper 1, as well as the amount of air passing through the ejector ducts 7 and 15 lifting the position of the shutters 17 and the height of the ejector device 5 above the mixer 11, installed by means of a screw regulator 20.

The proposed sowing apparatus allows you to evenly distribute the seeds over the sowing area, to provide the optimal sowing rate, at which a grass stand is formed with a structure that ensures a stable yield of seeds of small seeded crops, for example, amaranth. The absence of moving parts increases the manufacturability of the proposed design.

Claims (4)

1. Pneumatic sowing device containing a seed hopper in communication with a source of excess air pressure, a seed flow synchronizer associated with the seeder wheel, a mixer communicating with the hopper through an annular gap, a distribution device and air ducts, characterized in that the ejector device is located in the seed hopper consisting of an ejector duct and a receiving chamber communicating with the cavity of the seed hopper by means of a diaphragm regulating the passage of the receiving chamber, and the seed hopper The er is made of two parts, interconnected by means of a screw regulator, which allows you to adjust the height of the ejector device above the mixer. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixer is mounted on the same axis as the receiving chamber and has the form of a hollow cylinder, on the outside of which a seed-reflecting visor and an annular valve are installed, forming an annular gap with the bottom of the seed hopper. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that at the loading hole of the seed hopper is installed a folding transom made of air-conducting, for example, mesh material. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the air ducts are installed flaps.