RU2228020C1 - Complex of flight against typhoons and whirlwinds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: protection against natural cataclysms, in particular, liquidation of typhoons and whirlwinds. SUBSTANCE: the complex has search aids and an explosive device. The complex is provided with a missile-carrier for delivery of the explosive device to the atmospheric flow of the typhoon or whirlwind. The search aids are made in the form of a radar for detection and tracking. The explosive device is of the cluster type, whose subshots have a fuse, explosive in the form of a mix of deuterium with tritium or helium-3 and a converter from fibrous composite. The fuse is made in form of a target from four cones containing an explosive for its initiation by means of laser radiation for production of a cluster of plasma and its subsequent escape from the hole made in the vertex of the cone to the space between the cones perpendicular in pairs. The converter is made for conversion of the kinetic energy of the flow of neutrons or protons formed as a result of nuclear reaction by means of acoustic emission to the energy of shock waves acting on the environment. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of fight against typhoons and whirlwinds. 3 dwg

Description

The KBTS typhoons and tornadoes complex refers to the section of earth science: “Physics of the atmosphere”, including synoptic weather phenomena, and more specifically to the elimination of emerging typhoons and tornadoes.

One of the effective methods of eliminating typhoons and tornadoes is the destruction of their atmospheric flows at the approaches to human settlements. To destroy these streams, it is necessary to develop means of searching and defeating typhoons and tornadoes. To develop these tools, it is necessary to know the structure and kinematics of the movement of typhoons and tornadoes, given, for example, in the reference book “Atmosphere” (Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat, 1991, pp. 144-149).

Typhoons occur in tropical areas of the oceans and seas at any time of the year. A typhoon is a freely rotating whirlwind of atmospheric air mixed with sediment (with rain, sometimes with snow). In the central part of the typhoon, a core (“eye”) with a diameter of up to 20-25 km is formed (Fig. 1). In the typhoon’s core, surface pressure and, consequently, air density drop sharply, as detected by centimeter-wave radar. As you move away from the core at a distance of 20-50 km, the wind speed in the vortex increases to 90 m / s (the maximum wind speed can reach V = 110 m / s), and then decreases. The average radius of the circle of the maximum wind value is

. Вследствие трения вихря о земную поверхность тайфун передвигается вправо при вращении вихря по часовой стрелке (фиг.1) или влево - при вращении вихря против часовой стрелки.The length of the vortex is l = 70 km. The indicated speeds take place at altitudes up to h = 6 km. Above 6 km, wind speed drops sharply. The cross section of the vortex, in which the velocity reaches V _max , is approximated by a triangle with an area

. Due to friction of the vortex on the earth's surface, the typhoon moves to the right when the vortex rotates clockwise (Fig. 1) or to the left when the vortex rotates counterclockwise.

Calculate the volume of a rotating vortex

The mass of this vortex at an air density in the mixture with precipitation ρ = 1.3 kg / m is

m = Qρ = 5 · 10 ⁴ · 10 ⁹ · 1.3 = 6.5 · 10 ¹³ kg

The kinetic energy of this vortex is

In order to stop the rotation of this vortex, it is necessary to contrast it with a set of shock waves of the opposite direction with an energy greater than E. The possibility of creating this set has appeared in connection with the development of a new nuclear explosive device of the VU. Since the affected vortex is extended, the WU cassette design is used, consisting of n = 300 sub-shells with TNT equivalent of each q = 300 ct. The mass of each submunition is about 5 kg, and the total mass load is 300 · 5 = 1500 kg. The removal of the indicated mass load to a distance of up to 1000 km can now be achieved by many types of medium-range missiles. If we take into account that with a TNT equivalent of 1 ton, the energy E ₀ = 4.5 · 10 ⁹ J / t is released (Kuhling H. Physics Handbook, Moscow, Mir Publishing House, 1982, p. 433), then the energy of the WU is

E _q = E ₀ nq = 4.5 · 10 ⁹ · 300 · 300 · 10 ³ = 4.05 · 10 ¹⁷ J

Thus, E _q > E _V. Calculations show that with increasing n and q can be obtained E _q considerably large E _U, that provides reliable destruction typhoon.

The tornado arises from powerful thunderclouds at an altitude of 10-15 km. Tornado is an atmospheric stream of small cross-section (diameter 100-150 m), which falls from the base of a thundercloud to the surface of land or sea (Fig.2). In the central part of the tornado, a core with a diameter of 50-100 m is formed with a low air density and with a downward movement of air. Around the core, an ascending vortex is created, which draws objects located on the ground. Near a thundercloud, the vortex has the shape of a funnel. The speed of the rising wind can reach 130 m / s. The duration of the tornado: from several tens of minutes to several hours. The speed of the tornado on the ground from 10 to 100 km / h. Travel distance of the tornado on the ground: from 0 (tornado is stationary) to 30 km.

The most vulnerable place for the destruction of a tornado is the area of its formation, namely, the base of this funnel. It can be shown that the characteristics of the explosive device proposed for the destruction of the typhoon are sufficient to destroy the tornado.

In order to choose the type of search and destruction tools for typhoons and tornadoes, it is necessary to consider the principle of operation and the design of the explosive device of the VU. An analogue of the VU is “High Performance Explosive Device” (application 2001119261 with priority July 12, 2001). Required WU-cartridge type in the form of submunitions. Each sub-projectile includes (Fig. 3) a fuse, charge, converter, laser, etc. To reduce mass and increase TNT equivalent, the fuse of the sub-projectile of a rocket launcher is made in the form of four conical targets, each of which has solid smooth side walls made of metal (solid targets ), is filled with an explosive substance enclosed in a conical polymer shell in the form of a mixture of deuterium with tritium or helium-3 and has a hole in the top of the cone for the release of a plasma clot. The axes of each pair of cones are mutually perpendicular in space, and the holes of the vertices of the cones are adjacent to the common space between the cones.

Due to this design, the fuse is a two-stage compression of the explosive. At the first stage of compression, the following processes occur: when a laser pulse falls on the base of the cone, explosive adsorption occurs, it evaporates, and a reactive force arises that creates shock waves, which, reflected from the walls of the cone, move to its apex and collapse in it. In this case, the explosive at the apex is compressed to such an extent that the thermonuclear regime of the “laser spark” arises, a primary plasma bunch is formed at the apex, which, under the action of a reactive force, flies out through the hole at the apex of the cone at high speed.

At the second stage of compression, the following processes take place: four escaped plasma bunches collide in the space between the cone vertices, and the degree of plasma compression greatly increases, and the temperature of the resulting secondary plasma bunch increases to a thermonuclear (10 ⁷ K), a “plasma ignition mode” arises; a thermal wave (a thermonuclear reaction wave) is formed in the charge, which propagates in the charge.

The design dimensions of the fuse: the diameter of the base of the cone is 6 mm, the height of the cone is 7 mm, the diameter of the hole in the apex is 2 mm, the distance between the holes of the opposite cones is 4 mm.

As a result of this reaction, high-energy particles (neutrons or protons) fly out, which are sent to the converter. The converter is a layer of fibrous composite adjacent to the charge. When particles fall on the specified layer, crack formation and development occurs in it, accompanied by acoustic emission. Acoustic emissions of individual cracks, merging, form a set of shock waves that affect the environment. Thus, the kinematic energy of neutrons or protons is converted into shock wave energy. Thanks to the use of the converter, the explosive device is environmentally friendly, which is very important for atmospheric nuclear explosions.

Based on the considered characteristics of typhoons (tornado) and the principles of the explosive device, the proposed KBTS complex uses a centimeter-range pulsed radar as a search tool that detects and accompanies the core of a typhoon or tornado. As a means of destruction, a rocket launcher and a cluster-type explosive device included in its composition are used in the form of submunitions thrown from a rocket launcher and blown up in the atmospheric stream of a typhoon or tornado. Guidance of the launch vehicle to the point of meeting it with a typhoon or tornado is carried out according to the inertial command command method by issuing commands to direct the rocket from the radar to the rocket. In this case, in the case of a typhoon, the rocket is brought out to a height of about 3 km to the anticipated point of the maximum wind speed in the opposite direction (Fig. 1) (for more details, see below), and in the case of a tornado - to the anticipated point of the base of the funnel (Fig. 2). The launch of the rocket at the indicated points is carried out by the method of proportional approach.

When approaching an anticipated point, the GSO rocket self-orientation head is turned on by command from the radar, which directs the missiles towards the maximum wind. After the indicated orientation of the rocket, the WU sub-shells are thrown from the rocket by a special mechanism, crumble in the space of the flow, and after 1-2 seconds self-explode. In this case, a set of shock waves is formed, which, acting on the environment, destroys the typhoon or tornado.

The proposed KBTS is illustrated by three figures. Figure 1 shows the kinematics of a typhoon and a carrier rocket in the horizontal plane. Figure 2 shows the kinematics of a tornado and a carrier rocket in space. Figure 3 shows the structural diagram of KBTS.

The complex of struggle against typhoons and tornadoes consists of the following main parts.

1. Radar surveillance and guidance radar

2. Launcher PU

3. Rocket launchers

4. Equipment for data transmission and communication APDS

5. Power plant ES

The radar survey and guidance radar is designed for:

- generalization and assessment of the storm situation in the RLON coverage area (own data, data from neighboring RLONs and from space systems for meteorological support of the CSMO are taken into account);

- detection and tracking of a typhoon and a tornado, including for detecting and tracking the location of the core contour of a typhoon or a tornado, determining and prolonging the path (trajectory) of a typhoon or a tornado;

- solving the problem of guiding the launch vehicle, including to determine the meeting point of the launch vehicle with a typhoon or tornado (an anticipated point);

- control of launching the launch vehicle to a predefined point by transmitting guidance commands on board the launch vehicle;

- control the inclusion of the rocket’s self-orientation head;

- controlling the ejection of an explosive device at a proactive point in the event of a GSO failure;

- control the launch of a rocket by issuing commands to the launch device;

- exchange of information with PU, neighboring RLON and KSMO.

The RLON radio beam performs a line scan at the initial all-round survey or at the subsequent survey in the sector of a discovered typhoon or tornado. At the next passage through the angular stress on which the typhoon (tornado) or rocket launcher is located, they are detected, and in subsequent surveys, they are taken for escort. At those moments when the beam affects the direction of the missile, missile control teams are transmitted to it via the radio link.

RLON is a three-coordinate coherent-pulse centimeter-long radar. The RLON includes the following parts (Fig. 3): an antenna system, a transmitting device, a receiving device, a microprocessor system, a visibility and guidance display, a screen (monitor), control panels, data and communication equipment, and a power source.

The antenna system is a phased array antenna PAR, the radio beam of which is electronically controlled from a microprocessor system. Angle of view of the PAR in azimuth + 45 ° -45 °, in elevation 1 ° -75 °. The HEADLIGHT can be rotated circularly with a viewing pace of 10-15 s. When viewing in a sector of 10-15 °, the viewing rate is 0.1-3 s. Control commands are issued aboard the rocket with a frequency of 1 Hz. Magnetron type transmitter of centimeter range. The receiving device uses digital methods for processing the received signal and automatic acquisition of coordinates using a local microprocessor. The detection range of the RLON of typhoons (tornadoes) is 1000 km. The accuracy of determining the range is 20 m, the azimuth and elevation angle is 5 ′, and the speed is 5 m / s.

Detection of the core contour of a typhoon or tornado is performed by the MPS as a result of spectral processing of signals reflected from a sharp drop in the density of the medium. The technique of this processing is given in the candidate dissertation Shubina D.S. “Determining the density distribution of a medium by the characteristics of its wave motion,” Rostov State University, 2002.

The overview and guidance display shows the path (trajectory) of the typhoon (tornado) movement, the results of solving the guidance problem (lead point) and current launch vehicle tracking points. The screen (monitor) displays the results of processing the reflected signals in the form of a contour of the typhoon core or tornado with an indication of their height.

The PU launcher is designed to store, transport and launch rocket launchers, as well as to exchange information with the RLON. Launchers are installed in transport and launch containers TPK. PU includes (Fig. 5) equipment for installing TPK in an inclined position, equipment for launch preparation (including launching gyroscopes), equipment for ejecting missiles from TPK, microprocessor system, data and communication equipment. PU contains three missiles and can be recharged when using missiles.

Rocket launchers are designed to launch an explosive device into the destruction zone of a typhoon or a tornado, including for controlling the launch of a rocket at an anticipated point, orienting the rocket towards the direction of maximum wind, and ejecting submunitions. The launch vehicle includes the following parts (Fig. 3): a cluster-type explosive device, a rocket engine, a rocket self-orientation head, an inertial control system, a submunition ejection mechanism, missile-to-radar communication equipment, a microprocessor system and power sources.

As a carrier rocket, interceptor missiles of anti-aircraft missile defense systems of air defense and missile defense can be used if their warhead is made in the form of a cartridge from a large number of sub-shells and a mechanism for ejecting them is provided. An interceptor missile described in application 2002127298 “PVRKO Complex” with a priority of October 14, 2002 can also be used.

The explosive device of the VU cassette type is designed to destroy a typhoon or a tornado. WU includes several hundred submunitions, which are ejected from the rocket in the affected volume and scatter in several directions. Each submunition includes (FIG. 3) a fuse, a charge, a converter, and a PIM safety-executive mechanism. The principle of the submunition was given above. PIM ensures the safety of service personnel when handling a missile on the ground, as well as when a missile is flying at a pre-empted point until submunitions are thrown out. PIM also controls the detonation of a projectile after a specified ejection.

We give the technical characteristics of the VU: the number of submunitions in the cartridge 300, the TNT equivalent of each submunition 300 kt. The mass of the submunition is 5 kg. The diameter of the submunition is 15 cm. The diameter of the launch vehicle, which houses 300 submunitions, is 2 m.

The RD rocket engine is designed to create thrust for the flight of the rocket, and to deflect the rocket in two mutually perpendicular planes. The thrust is created by ejecting hot gases through the nozzle (solid-fuel or liquid engine) or plasma clots (engine according to the application 2002110167 with a priority of April 18, 2002).

The GSO rocket’s self-orientation head is designed to orient the rocket’s flight (launch) towards the direction of maximum wind in the final section of the trajectory. GSO is an electromechanical wind speed sensor. GSO controls a rocket engine through a microprocessor system.

The inertial control system of the ISU is designed to control the rocket engine, taking into account the incoming guidance commands from the RLON and the current position of the rocket in space, which is determined using gyroscopes of the ISU, the ISU generates control commands of the rocket engine and implements them through a microprocessor system.

The mechanism of ejection of submunitions is intended for the ejection and breeding of submunitions of WU in the affected volume. This mechanism contains several small powder charges, pyro cartridge, acting on a group of submunitions in seven directions of ejection.

The communication equipment of the rocket with the RLON is designed to receive guidance commands and transmit reports on the implementation of these commands from the rocket. The specified communication line operates on the carrier frequency of the RLON. The receiver of this equipment transmits guidance commands to the missile’s ISU. Antennas are mounted on the body in the tail of the rocket.

The data transmission and communication equipment of the APDS complex is designed to exchange telecode and voice information between RLON and PU data, other RLON and the space communications command post of meteorological support.

Power plant ES is designed to provide electricity to RLON, PU and is a diesel or gas turbine unit with an electric generator. The power supply of the complex for educational purposes can be carried out from an industrial power supply network.

The RLON and PU provide for functional control carried out using their microprocessor systems. The complex provides for the possibility of training service personnel, excluding real launches of launch vehicles.

Consider the work of KBTS in dynamics. In the “Ready No. 1” mode, the RLON makes a circular overview of the surrounding space. When revealing a fence from a sharp drop in air density - a typhoon core or a tornado, the RLON passes to a review in the sector of detecting this core. The transition is carried out automatically using the IPU. After the kernel is detected, it is maintained. As a result of spectral processing of MPS signals reflected from the core, its contours are determined. The indicated contours are displayed on the screen (monitor) as a “horseshoe”. A similar image for a tornado is indicated in the Atmosphere manual, p. 449.

If there is an image of the contour, the operator (chief) of the KBTS checks the characteristics of the contour with the help of the MPS with the data from the neighboring RLONs (if they also found a typhoon or tornado) and with the data of space systems of meteorological support. If there is confirmation of the presence of the core or with its obvious nature, the operator decides to shell a typhoon or tornado. At the same time, the Rocket Launch command is issued from the RLON to the launcher. According to this command, the launcher is installed in the launcher at a certain angle in the core tracking sector, the launch preparation equipment is triggered (the gyroscope is launched, etc.), and the rocket lines up from the launcher in the core tracking sector. Next, the RLON detects and accompanies the rocket. In this case, the path (trajectory) of the core is determined. According to the core and rocket tracking data, the MPS solves the guidance problem. In this case, the coordinates of the meeting point of the rocket with the typhoon or tornado (pre-empted point) are calculated. The anticipated point UT shown in figure 1 and figure 2. In the case of typhoon, UT is selected at a height of 3 mm at a distance of 15 km from the boundary of the core at one of the core radii. The location of the radius of the core (right or left relative to the center of the core) depends on the angle between the north direction and the direction of the core path. If the indicated angle is less than 180 ° (the vortex rotates clockwise), then the radius is located on the right; if this angle is greater than 180 ° (the vortex rotates counterclockwise), then the radius is on the left.

In the case of a tornado, the UT is selected at the height of the base of the funnel near its core.

The results of solving the guidance problem are displayed on the overview and guidance display. Further, the MPS continues to solve the problem of guidance by the method of proportional approximation. As a result of this decision, missile guidance commands are generated, which are transmitted through the RLON communication equipment with the missile to the missile’s inertial control system. The ISU, comparing the current position of the rocket received from its gyroscopes and the received guidance commands, develops commands to control the rocket engine. These commands are implemented using the MPS rocket. Thus, the RLON automatically guides the rocket to a proactive point. So inertial-command missile control is carried out.

When the rocket approaches the range of the GSO self-orientation head, the RLON issues a GSO inclusion command. According to this command, the GSO determines the value of the wind speed and controls the rocket engine through the MPS so that the wind speed increases and the direction of flight of the rocket is opposite to the direction of the wind. Upon reaching the maximum value of the wind speed, the GSO issues an ejection command to the ejection mechanism of the sub-projectile. In the event of a GSO malfunction, the RLON continues to direct the missile, and the ejection command is sent from the RLON.

The ejection mechanism pushes the submunitions with the aid of pyro-cartridges in seven directions in the volume of the vortex or funnel. In the projectiles fired, after 1-2 s, the PIM safety-actuating mechanism is triggered. PIM gives the command to undermine the charge of the submunition. At this command, the laser is turned on, which generates pulses of laser radiation. These pulses fall on the base of the four cones of the conical target of the fuse. In this case, a bunch of dense plasma flies out of the hole at the top of each cone. Due to the pairwise perpendicular arrangement of the four cones, the clots collapse in the space between the cones. The temperature at the site of collapse of the clots rises to thermonuclear. In this case, a thermal wave is formed in the charge, which, propagating, initiates the thermonuclear reaction of its explosive. As a result of this reaction, neutrons or protons fly out, which are sent to the transducer and form cracks in it, accompanied by acoustic emission. Separate acts of acoustic emission, merging, create a set of shock waves, which stops the rotational movement of the flow in a typhoon or tornado and thereby destroys it. The results of the destruction of a typhoon or tornado are displayed on the screen (monitor) and the display of the review and guidance.

KBTC is mobile. RLON, PU with LV are located in multi-axle automobile vans. KBTS is characterized by a high degree of automation of all stages of work due to the use of microprocessor systems in RLON, PU, LV. Due to the use of a conical target in an explosive device and its cassette design, it became possible to deliver and disperse an explosive device of large TNT equivalent in the affected volume, sufficient to destroy a typhoon or a tornado. Thanks to the use of conversion in each submunition, an explosive device is environmentally friendly.

In the case of protection from typhoons and tornadoes of extended populated areas, several KBTS are used with a distance between neighboring complexes of about 700 km.

Claims (1)

A complex for combating typhoons and tornadoes, containing search tools and an explosive device for hitting a typhoon or tornado, characterized in that it is equipped with a rocket launcher for delivering an explosive device to the atmospheric stream of a typhoon or tornado, and the search tools are made in the form of a radar for detecting and tracking a typhoon or tornado, while the explosive device is of a cartridge type, the submunitions of which include a fuse, an explosive substance in the form of a mixture of deuterium with tritium or helium-3 and a fiber-optic converter o composite, and the fuse is made in the form of a target of four cones containing explosive with the possibility of initiating it by laser radiation to create a clot of plasma and its subsequent flight from the hole made at the top of each cone into the space between the pairwise perpendicular cones, and the specified Converter configured to convert the kinetic energy of the neutron or proton flux generated by the thermonuclear reaction by acoustic emission into the energy of shock waves affecting the environment.

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