RU2691645C1 - Method of protecting a radar station from unidentifiable small-size unmanned aerial vehicles and a device for realizing said - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radar ranging and radio navigation.

SUBSTANCE: disclosed technical solutions relate to radar ranging and can be used to protect radar stations from small-size unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Said technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of protecting the radar from unidentifiable small-sized unmanned aerial vehicles, based on the creation of enclosures, as such, guarding air or gas streams are created, created with the help of air or gas flow generators, which are placed around the radar station or on the side of the expected raid at the distance larger than the radius of the damaging action of the charge, which can be placed on the UAV. Said technical result is also achieved by the fact that a device for realizing the method comprising a radar station, which includes a receiving-transmitting device connected to a radiating antenna and a first output of the control device, introduced are generators of guard air or gas flows, inputs of which are connected to second output of control device.

EFFECT: reliable protection of radar stations from small-size impact nano and micro UAV by means of mobile devices.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The claimed technical solutions relate to the field of radar and can be used to protect radar stations (radar) from small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

In modern conditions, the task of building a reliable air defense system for troops and infrastructure becomes almost impossible due to the class of small-sized unmanned aerial vehicles that appeared in recent years [Army Bulletin Magazine February 2015. “Small-sized UAVs — a New Problem for Air Defense” p. 1, 5, 6, 7–9, 15]. Small-sized air targets such as guided missiles, planning (guided) aerial bombs, cruise missiles of various types of basing (aviation, ground or sea), anti-radar missiles (PRR) and others. For decades, many difficulties have been delivered to air defense systems with their specific flight-technical characteristics. First of all, these are their small effective areas of dispersion (EPR), a wide range of speeds of movement, making hidden flights at low and extremely low altitudes using terrain, etc. Among the unmanned aerial vehicles emit small-sized UAVs that can be used for reconnaissance and strike purposes.

The following groups are distinguished among small-sized UAVs: nano-UAV, weight up to 1 kg, flight duration less than one hour, flight altitude up to 300 m; micro - UAV, weight up to 10 kg, flight time up to one hour, flight altitude up to 1000 m; mini-UAV, weight up to 50 kg, flight time several hours, flight altitude up to 3000-5000 m. All these UAVs can perform reconnaissance and reconnaissance-shock functions. Their speeds can reach 100-150 km / h, and the ESR ranges from 0.01 to 0.1 m ² , with a further decrease in perspective.

Basically, UAVs have navigation equipment with reference to the GPS navigation system.

Such characteristics of the UAV led to the fact that the timely detection of traditional location methods and reliable defeat of the UAV is extremely inefficient.

The greatest danger to radar can be a massive use of nano and micro - UAVs (swarm), induced by radar radiation and capable of physically destroying radiating devices, primarily a radar antenna, since nano - UAVs can carry a charge of up to one kg.

Known methods of dealing with UAVs in the form of targeted use of interference to navigation systems, flight control and information transmission channels [ibid, p 9]. The disadvantage of these methods of dealing with UAVs is the need to create directional powerful radiation on the UAV, but it is necessary to detect it, which is a difficult task because of the small EPR of the UAV. In addition, UAVs with homing equipment on the radar can be induced on the radar without the use of navigation equipment and external control. In this case, there remains the risk of destruction of the antenna by the UAV charges.

It is known that in order to exclude the possibility of the penetration of a hostile not detectable object into the protected zone, they create a “barrage of military, artificial obstacles, obstacles created in advance ... in order to inflict losses on the enemy or maneuver of his troops ... hindering the advancement ... of aviation flights ... anti-vehicle, anti-landing and anti-ship ... in the form of minefields, ... wire barriers, anti-tank ditches and ridges, concrete and wooden fences nets, wire nets ... anti-aircraft military barriers ... for the first time ... were used in 1916 in England, Italy and Paris in the form of balloon barriers. "[TSB, M. Sovetskaya Encyclopedia, third edition, vol. 9, p. 273]. Military barriers are also created for the case when a hostile object cannot be detected, and only the possibility of its penetration is assumed. An example of the practical use of anti-aircraft barriers during the Patriotic War are the aerostat barriers that were created in 1941-1942. on the approaches to Moscow, blocking the possible routes of penetration of any aircraft beyond the line of defense they create - the barrier. Thus, in cases where an attack on a guarded object is possible, military “barriers” create from any side.

The disadvantage of the known military obstacles is the cumbersomeness of their structures, insufficient mobility, and ultimately, the impossibility of their use to protect mobile radars from UAVs.

The technical problem posed is the protection of the radar from small-sized shock nano and micro-UAV using mobile devices.

The technical problem is solved on the basis of the creation of a mobile barrier, which excludes the possibility of the penetration of the UAV to the radar at a distance equal to or greater than the radius of the damaging effect of its charge.

The technical problem (technical result) is solved by the fact that in the method of protecting the radar station from undetectable small-sized unmanned aerial vehicles based on the creation of obstacles, according to the invention, blocking air or gas flows are used as such.

The technical problem (technical result) is solved also by the fact that in the method of protection of a radar station according to the invention, a blocking air or gas flow is created using air or gas flow generators and placed around the radar or from the expected outburst at a distance greater than the striking radius action charge, which can be placed on a UAV.

The stated technical problem (technical result) is also solved by the fact that according to the invention, information about a possible raid comes from the higher command.

The stated technical problem (technical result) is solved by the fact that the antenna is connected to the receiver to the device for implementing the method for protecting the radar station from undetectable small-sized unmanned aerial vehicles, comprising a radar station that includes a radiating antenna, a receiving and transmitting device and a radar control device the transmitting device, the input of which is connected with the first output of the control device according to the invention, generators of air or gas barriers are introduced into the device Otoko generators inputs connected to the second output of the control device.

The essence of the work of the claimed method and device is that a blocking air or gas stream is created in the path of the UAV. Possible directions of undetectable UAVs can be determined, for example, depending on the position of the radar relative to the boundary line (front line), and also if a probable UAV carrier is detected (but not the UAV), due to which the probable UAV launch area can be detected or the relief terrain, which may limit the sector of possible directions. If information on the direction of the expected flight is not available, then cover all possible directions.

When designing the proposed remedy, the defining parameters of the blocking air or gas flow are:

- size of the protection zone;

- configuration of blocking generators;

- flow rate and distance of its action;

- power source stream;

- principles of flow generator control.

Calculation of the parameters of devices that create air or gas flow to ensure the protection of the radar is an engineering task and can be performed when setting specific conditions for the use of the claimed inventions. Switching on (off) any types of flow generators is carried out manually from the radar in accordance with the instructions, which are developed taking into account the location of the radar and the tactics of its use (since the radar itself cannot detect the nano and micro-UAV raids). This may take into account the conditions for obtaining information about the likely attack of the UAV (see above), or at the outbreak of hostilities and receiving the directive of the higher command to bring the means into combat readiness.

The interaction (connection) of the generators with the work of the radar station is to ensure its functioning and survival in the conditions of a possible UAV attack. In this sense, the generators are a necessary component of the radar, they are controlled from the radar. Switching on (switching off) of the flow generators is carried out manually from the radar control panel when the radar is running and if there is a threat of a UAV raid.

In the inventive method and device provide for the creation around the radar (or its radiating part) zone barriers, if you get a UAV in which from any direction it will be deflected from the direction of the radar. The proposed method of protection is based on the property of the UAV, which consists in the fact that the UAV “has a low resistance of the apparatus to any type of physical impact, from a splinter (bullet) to a strong gust of wind, resulting in a loss of spatial orientation, a break in a spin. Each significant external disturbance (gust of wind, ascending or descending air flow, getting the UAV into the air pocket) with a high probability leads to a loss of orientation of the aircraft and a subsequent accident ”[g. Army Gazette, Feb. 2.2015, with. 9, 5 paragraph below]. At the same time, small-sized, undetectable, low-mass radar UAVs are particularly susceptible to the physical effects of these factors. Such UAVs cannot function at wind speeds ≥10 m / s [ibid p. 8, 14 line below].

If information is available on the size of the angular sector of the size of the DB from which the launch of the UAV is possible (terrain, front line, boundary or intelligence data on the position of the UAV carrier) and the possible presence of the UAV in the area is detected, then the sources of air flow should overlap only the angular sector in front of the protection zone if the sector is not known, an attack is expected from any direction, then the sources of air or gas flow should be located at the corners of the n-gon built around the perimeter of the radar with radius R. The power is streaming points and their number - n must ensure that the air flow rate is at least the minimum permissible around the perimeter, at which the UAVs cannot fly, i.e. ≥10 m / s. Air fans are used as generators of air flow, and turbojet engines similar to aviation ones are used as gas flow generators.

In the book [M.E. Deutsch - Technical gas dynamics. M. ed. Energy, 1974 with. 414, tab. 10-1] provides formulas for calculating the long-range action of air jets created by fans, in the form of a change in jet velocity from the distance and shape of the jet. For example, for an axisymmetric jet, we have

where V _x - flow rate at a distance X from the fan;

V ₀ - the flow rate at the fan outlet;

Q - second air consumption;

где F - площадь вентилятора равная

where F is the fan area equal to

r _in - the radius of the fan blades

ϕ - divergence angle of the jet is 22 ° -24 °.

The required power L to create a stream with a speed of V ₀ is determined by the formula

where V _1c = 1 / 2V ₀ , and ρ is the density of air [B.N. Yuriev - Aerodynamic design of a helicopter, M. ed. Defense industry in 1956 195, formula (7.7)].

The allowable distance R of the approach of the UAV to the radar is determined by the power of the charge on the UAV and determines the required range of air (gas) flow if the flow generator is located at the radar location. On request, the “range of the explosive charge” on the Internet are examples: with a mass of TNT of one kg (for undetectable nano and micro UAVs, the charge weight is 0.5–1 kg), the safe distance is 12 m. The principle of cubic similarity allows calculations safe range for any other mass of explosive (but the size of the UAV also increases and they can become detectable).

The deflecting mechanism of the air or gas flow is shown in FIG. 2b. The UAV 6.1 position has a speed V _D, directed towards the fan flow fence in UAV 6.2 position shows the time of entry into the flow action zone and beginning rejection of his initial direction of motion, a UAV 6.3 position is already in the zone of high flow rates, its impact leads to a significant deviation of the direction of movement of the UAV 6 For example, we will conduct an estimated engineering calculation for air flow generators in the form of conventional fans that solve the problem posed.

Considering the final flow rate equal to the wind speed at which the UAV flight is no longer possible (10 m / s), with a known allowable distance R (at a charge capacity of 1 kg), you can calculate the required initial flow rate and fan power, arranging them (for example) corners of a regular pentagon in which a circle with a radius R is inscribed (Fig. 2a). The distance AB in the correct pentagon is determined from the formula

и

and

[BUT. A. Rybkin, A.Z. Rybkin, L.S. Horseradish - Handbook of mathematics.

Ed. Higher school, 1975 167]. The angle of inclination ϕ ₀ of the fan flow to the horizon is chosen equal to the angle of expansion of the jet ϕ.

For example, the fan is located at the point A, _in at r = 0.5 m, R = 12 m, φ ₀ = 22 °, V _x = 10 m / s, AB is 25 m (Fig. 2b), of the formula ( 1), the required flow rate V ₀ will be equal to 26, 52 m / s. In this case, from formula (2), the power consumption L is 1.1 kW, and for r _in = 1 m, - L = 276 W (see the formula on p. 7).

If the fans are located at the corners of a regular triangle or quadrilateral, the required fan power will increase as their number decreases (the required range increases), and if you use 6 or 8 generators, positioning them in the corners of six or eight right angles, then the required fan power will decrease. The choice of the number of fans when solving a specific task of protecting the radar from an UAV attack is a purely engineering task and depends on the optimization parameters (total power), the essence of the invention does not change from this.

FIG. 3b shows a fragment of the spatial orientation of the fan flows at an angle ϕ ₀ to the horizon, taken in the estimated engineering calculation equal to 22 °. The direction of the fluxes at an angle to the horizon protects high radiating elements of the radar, for example, an antenna.

FIG. 3a shows the relative position of the generators and their flows, protecting the radar.

This solves the problem and achieves the technical result.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

FIG. 1 shows the claimed device

FIG. 2 shows the interaction of the UAV with the air flow.

FIG. 3 shows an example of the organization of radar protection using air flow generators.

The claimed device for implementing the claimed method of protecting the radar 5 from undetectable small-sized UAV 6 contains a radar 5 comprising an antenna 1, a receiving and transmitting device 2, a radar control device 3, and air flow generators 4 located at points A, B, C, D , E, the output of the antenna 1 is connected to the first input of the receiving-transmitting device 2, the second input of which is connected to the first output of the radar control unit 3, the second output of the radar control unit 3 is connected to the inputs of the air flow generators 4 at points A, B, C, D , and E.

Let us consider in more detail the work of the claimed device - radar. As already noted, the operation of the method and device is based on the exploitation of the vulnerability of nano and micro-UAV 6 (Fig. 2b), which consists in the fact that they are extremely unstable to any physical effects - for example, at a wind speed of 10 m / s and more, the fact that the UAV 6 loses its orientation is off course. In order to physically influence the UAV 6, generators 4 of air or gas flows were introduced into the device containing the radar 5, (Fig. 3a). Generators 4 are placed around the radar 5 at the calculated distance and are turned on manually when the radar 5 is turned on or when a UAV 6 is threatened according to information from the higher command. The airflow created by them affects the approaching UAV 6 as a gust of wind and changes its direction of movement (Fig. 2.b), preventing the UAV 6 from approaching the radar 5 at a distance dangerous to it. As generators can be used powerful industrial fans (aircraft engines with a propeller), gas jets of jet engines.

FIG. 3a, b shows the organization of circular protection of the radar 5 using five air or gas flow generators 4 located around the corners of the regular pentagon at points A, B, C, D, E, with a radius of circumscribed circle equal to R and having a direction of flow at an angle ϕ ₀ to the horizon. The radius R is determined by the range of the damaging effect of the charge available on the UAV 6. The angle ϕ _{0 is} selected based on the possible altitude of the UAV 6 to the radar 5 being protected.

Thus, the technical problem is solved and the technical result is achieved.

Claims (2)

1. A method of protecting a radar station (RLS) from non-detectable small-sized unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), based on the creation of barriers, characterized in that barriers are used to block air or gas flows, which are created using air or gas flow generators, placing them with the ability to move around the radar or on the side of the expected attack, depending on the information coming to the radar about a possible UAV raid, at a distance greater than the range of the striking action The effects of the charge on the UAV are turned on and off by the air or gas flow generators using the radar control device with the radar running and when there is a threat of a UAV raid, and the power of the air or gas flow generators and their number is determined from the condition of ensuring around the perimeter of protection Air or gas velocity radar ≥10 m / s. 2. A device for implementing a method for protecting a radar station (radar) from undetectable small-sized unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), comprising a radar, which includes a radiating antenna, a receiving and transmitting device and a radar control device, the antenna is connected to the receiving and transmitting device, the input which is associated with the first output of the radar control device, characterized in that the device includes generators of blocking air or gas flows, which, depending on the information received by the radar and a possible UAV raid is placed with the possibility of moving around the radar or from the expected raid, at a distance greater than the range of the effect of the charge, the generator inputs are connected to the second output of the radar control device, which, if there is a threat from the UAV raid, turns on and off the air generators or gas streams.

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