RU2218749C2 - Protected ground disinfecting method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, protection of vegetable crop pests and diseases in protected ground. SUBSTANCE: method involves positioning steam distributor with perforated hose on soil surface; spilling 10-12 cm thick zeolite layer; tightly covering said layer with heat-resistant film and supplying steam under pressure of 30-50 kPa for 5-3 min, with following reducing of steam pressure. EFFECT: reduced power consumption, improved quality of disinfecting and improved soil fertility.

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture and is intended to control pests and diseases of vegetable crops in protected ground.

 A known method of using zeolites in sheltered soil, in which they are carried out in a liquid solution mixed with microelements and mineral fertilizers, thereby increasing the yield of vegetable crops, their quality indicators (Yakovlev N.N., Loboda V.P. the use of zeolite substrates in protected ground.Vestnik of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2000, 4, pp. 57-58).

 However, in such substrates, along with an increase in fertility, the number of pests and plant diseases increases, which additionally requires periodic thermal steaming of the entire substrate. This increases the cost of implementing the known method.

There is a method of disinfecting soil in sheltered soil, in which steaming is carried out at a temperature of up to 100 ^o C under a heat-resistant film (Garbuz V. M. Energy modes and technical means of technological processes in sheltered soil. Abstract of a doctoral dissertation. M: 1985).

 In the known method, long-term steaming (12-22 hours) changes the composition of the soil, leads to the death of beneficial microflora and microorganisms, the number of which decreases by 10-100 times. Under the influence of high temperatures there is a sharp increase in the acidity of the substrate, as a result of which the concentration of salts in the soil increases, an excessive amount of manganese is formed, which negatively affects the quality of vegetable crops.

 The purpose of the invention is to reduce costs and improve the quality of disinfection while improving soil fertility.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that a steam distributor with a perforated hose is placed on the soil surface, on top of which a layer of zeolite (10 ... 12 cm) is saturated and everything is tightly covered with a heat-resistant film, and steam is supplied with a pressure of 30 ... 50 kPa, for 3. ..5 min followed by a decrease in vapor pressure.

 The method is as follows.

In greenhouses, on the soil surface with a steam distribution hose, a layer of 10-12 cm of zeolites (iritis - Alagir deposit of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania) is located. Irlite zeolites are a heat-accumulating layer and at the same time enrich the soil during disinfection with microelements contained in them (boron, manganese, sulfur, etc.) Using heat-retaining material, you can increase the pressure from 80 Pa (as in the known method) to 30-50 kPa. In this case, the soil layer to 20 cm (top 10 cm and below 10 cm) is heated in 3-5 minutes. Then the steam pressure is reduced to 15 kPa and the soil is heated to 80 ^o C to a depth of 30 cm in 20 ... 25 minutes. As a result of such heating, steam losses are reduced by 25-30%, the heating time in comparison with the known method is 10-18 times.

 The justification of the selected parameters (10-12 cm) is explained by the high heat resistance of zeolites that can hold the temperature for a long time and spread it below this layer up to 30 cm, i.e. root layer of vegetable greenhouse crops. Under the influence of vapors and temperatures, dissolution and migration of micro and macro elements contained in irlite zeolites occur.

 For a relatively short period (3-5 min), a steamer with holes delivers steam, which manages to warm up the upper heat-retaining layer. If zeolites are mixed with soil and fertilizers, the method will not achieve such a quick effect, since in a mixture with soil and fertilizers the temperature will quickly decrease and a longer time will be required for steaming.

 Example 1. A 10 cm layer of zeolites was placed on the soil surface in a greenhouse. A heat-resistant film was placed on the upper zeolite layer. A steam distributor was preliminarily laid along the treated section, to which a rubber perforated hose with holes was attached. A two-inch steel pipe with sockets was used as a steam distributor, through which steam was supplied with a pressure of 30 kPa. After 3 minutes, the system was turned off and the film was left for an additional 30-40 minutes.

 Example 2. A steam distributor was placed along a section with previously arranged iritis on a surface of 12 cm, as in the first example, with a pressure of 50 kPa, after 5 minutes the system was turned off and held for 30 minutes under the film.

 The experimental data are summarized in table.

 Therefore, using zeolites when steaming the soil of the protected soil in the upper layer, energy costs are reduced and in a relatively short period you can not only reduce the number of pathogens and pests, but also increase the yield of crops cultivated in the greenhouse due to micro and macro elements of zeolites.

Claims (1)

A method of disinfecting soil in sheltered soil, including introducing zeolites, steaming the soil under a heat-resistant film with a supply of steam of a certain pressure, characterized in that a steam distributor with a perforated hose is placed on the surface of the soil, a layer of zeolite 10-12 cm is poured over it, which is tightly covered with a heat-resistant strip and steam is supplied with a pressure of 30-50 kPa for 5-3 minutes, followed by a decrease in steam pressure.

Images