RU2216169C2 - Additive to ground for aquarium - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: substances ensuring optimal active life for vegetal-animal organisms in closed water systems (aquariums). SUBSTANCE: additive to ground for aquarium contains granulated mixture of peat, clay and buried organic sapropel, with the following amounts of components in terms of absolutely dried substance, wt.%: peat 40-70; clay 10-20; buried organic sapropel 30-40. Used in this case are valley, transition and mass peat, and also buried organic sapropel of natural moisture content. It is good practice, depending on required quality of additive, to use peat of low, medium and high degrees of decomposition. EFFECT: increased time of granules residence in water without disintegration, their biological stability and nutrient ability. 3 cl, 1 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to substances that provide optimal conditions for the life of plant and animal organisms in closed water systems (aquariums).

 Known additive in the soil for the aquarium in the form of boiled peat (Ilyin M.N. Aquarium fish farming. M: Moscow State University, 1968. - 399 s .; Polonsky A.S. Aquarium fish. Maintenance and breeding. M .: Publishing House "Surf" ", 1999. - 352 p.). The digested peat is directly applied to the aquarium soil. In this case, the soil receives the organic matter necessary for plants and some types of nutrients. However, heat treatment of peat (digestion) leads to the death of beneficial microflora and, accordingly, to its rapid decay (decrease in biological resistance). In this case, after 1.5. ..2 months rotting products significantly degrade the quality of water and soil.

 In order to prevent deterioration in the quality of aquarium water and soil, molded granules of 10 ... 15 mm in size are used in the form of spherical balls or tortillas from various types of clay (yellow, gray or blue) (Zirling MB Aquarium and aquatic plants - St. Petersburg: Gidrometeoizdat 1991. - 256 p.). Clay granules are introduced into the soil under the roots of plants. Clay also contains nutrients, but to a much lesser extent.

 The disadvantage is that clay contains few organic substances (not more than 5%) and, in addition, clay granules are subject to mechanical destruction in the aquatic environment. Therefore, within approximately one hour, they decompose into a finely dispersed fraction and, with time, are removed when cleaning the soil from aquariums.

 The prototype is the addition to the aquarium soil of molded granules based on boiled peat and clay (Zirling MB Aquarium and water plants - St. Petersburg: Gidrometeoizdat 1991. - 256 p.). Its essence is as follows. Pre-digested peat is added to the soaked clay. A weight ratio of approximately 50: 50% or the amount of clay should prevail. Peat and clay are thoroughly mixed, and spherical granules are made from the mixture, which, after drying, are used as an additive to the soil. Such granules secrete, in addition to the nutrients contained in clay, humic substances and extractive substances necessary for plants, which stimulate plant growth and do not cause rapid acidification and decay of the soil.

 However, the disadvantage of the prototype is that it uses boiled peat and takes a large concentration of clay, which also leads to the destruction of granules in water (the destruction time is somewhat longer than in the second example up to 20 hours) and to rotting peat.

 The problem to be solved when creating the present invention is a significant increase in the time spent by the granules in water without destruction, an increase in their biological resistance and nutritional ability.

The problem is achieved by the fact that in addition to the soil for the aquarium, including a granular mixture of peat and clay, an additional buried organic sapropel is added in the following ratio of components, in terms of absolutely dry substance, wt.%:
Peat - 40-70
Clay - 10-20
Buried Organic Sapropel - 30-40
Selection of the optimal concentration of the components included in the additive allows the formation of its internal structure. The prevalence of peat protects the granules from destruction in water, clay supplies plants with nutrients and neutralizes the acidity of peat, and buried organic sapropel is a source of a large amount of nutrients, trace elements, humic substances and organic components necessary for both plant and animal organisms inhabiting aquariums. With this concentration, the mobility of the nutrients that make up the substances in the soil for the aquarium increases. It is important to use buried organic sapropel for the manufacture of additives in the soil. This sapropel lies beneath peat deposits (Tyurenoye S. N. Peat deposits. - M .: Nedra, 1976. - 488 p.) And, unlike lake sapropels, was formed thousands or tens of thousands of years ago.

 It should be noted that for the manufacture of additives in the aquarium soil is not used heat treatment of peat. Depending on the type of plants cultivated in the artificial pond and the animals contained in it, one can use peat (more acidic and fibrous), lowland (less acidic, usually with a higher content of humic substances) or transitional (including the properties of high and lowland) type of peat .

 One of the main indicators widely used by experts in the classification of peat is its degree of decomposition R. When assessing the possibility of using peat, the following categories of the degree of its decomposition are accepted (Tyurenoye S. N. Peat deposits. - M .: Nedra, 1976. - 488 p. ): slightly decomposed (R≤25%), medium decomposed (R = 25 ... 35%) and highly decomposed (R≥35%).

 The best qualities have additives in the aquarium soil made from peat and sapropel, which, after being removed from the deposit, were not dried (natural humidity). Moreover, the clay moisture does not matter.

 In addition to its main functions, an additive to aquarium soil improves the properties of water (if necessary, it acidifies, extracts fulvic acids, softens, cleanses). In this case, the natural characteristics of the components included in the additive are used.

 To explain the method of obtaining additives in the soil for the aquarium, a drawing is presented, where its structural diagram is presented.

The method of obtaining additives in the soil in the aquarium is illustrated by the following example. Buried organic sapropel is added to horse peat (both components are taken at natural humidity) and ground clay (dry) in proportion to the mass of absolutely dry substance 70:20:10. The components are thoroughly mixed in a paddle mixer until a homogeneous mass is obtained. To shape the resulting mass, it was sent to an extruder, in which cylindrical granules with a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 15 mm were formed. The obtained granules were dried in an oven at a temperature of 40 ^o C. After manufacturing, the additive in the soil was tested in aquariums. To clarify its main characteristics, a table is presented that reflects the concentrations of incoming substances and the recommended use for plant and animal organisms.

 This example does not limit the possibility of additives in the aquarium soil. Perhaps the use for the manufacture of granules additives in the soil for aquariums of other types of mixing and forming (for example, disk or drum granulators) devices. To create special conditions for aquarium animals and plant organisms, you can change the concentration of the components included in the additive in the aquarium soil, however, a deviation from the concentrations proposed in the claims leads to a deterioration in its properties.

 In industrial conditions, it is possible to obtain additives in the aquarium soil on existing equipment.

 Thus, in the invention, the applicability of the additive to the aquarium soil is proved, which will significantly increase the residence time of the granules in water without destruction, their biological resistance and nutritional ability.

Claims (2)

1. Additive to the soil for the aquarium, including a granular mixture of peat and clay, characterized in that it additionally contains buried organic sapropel in the following ratio of components in terms of absolutely dry substance, weight. %:
Peat - 40-70
Clay - 10-20
Organic Buried Sapropel - 30-40
2. The additive according to claim 1, characterized in that peat of low, high and transitional types of low, medium and high degree of decomposition is used.  3. The additive according to claim 1, characterized in that peat and buried organic sapropel of natural moisture are used.

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