RU2212848C2 - Mechanical vacuum needle for carrying out puncture biopsy - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical engineering. SUBSTANCE: device has vacuum system, external tube and internal tube having longitudinal slits for taking sample column. Sample taking is carried out by rotating the internal tube to a given angle. The longitudinal slits have length corresponding to column height of sample to be taken. The internal tube slit has cutting teeth on both sides. The vacuum system operates with dosed vacuum production to achieve sucking adherence of tissues to the teeth. The internal tube is telescopically movable from the external tube to the extent of slit length, or completely when traveling backwards. EFFECT: enabled operation of catching and taking off a sample column of given length with layer succession order being retained; reduced risk of traumatic complications. 3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The present invention relates to medical equipment, in particular to diagnostics based on the production of tissue and cellular material.

 A device is known [1, A. p. 1364324] for the biopsy, which is selected as the main prototype. According to the design, the syringe and needle have some similarities, made according to the scheme of the tube in the tube with longitudinal pointed slots. However, this device is not intended for sampling at different depths of the material with different acoustic density, as well as varying the length of the column obtained aspirate.

 As another prototype, a device is adopted in which a vacuum is used to hold the sample after sampling [2, US patent 5246011]. This device comprises a housing with a cavity in it having a conical shape of the inner wall. A piston is installed in the cavity. The device contains an elongated cannula, the internal opening of which is connected to a cavity in the housing by a special element. A probe is located in the inner hole in the cannula. A special element leads the cannula out of the probe into the tissue for collection, while creating a vacuum in the cavity to hold the sample in the cannula. One of the drawbacks of this device is that when sampling the fabric mechanically, the need for vacuum is dictated only by holding the sample - the tissue sample, and not a column, but only crumbs of fabric is taken.

 The proposed needle eliminates the main disadvantages.

 The design of the vacuum-mechanical needle.

Structurally, the vacuum-mechanical needle consists of two main parts:
1. Mechanical device for tissue collection.

 2. The vacuum system.

The mechanical device consists of two tubes, at the tip of which longitudinal slots are made with a width of 2/3 of the diameter. On the inner tube, the slot is made with pointed teeth on both sides of the slot. The inner tube may extend from the outer forward to the length of the slot or fully when moving backward. The inner tube relative to the outer can be rotated 180 ^o .

 The vacuum system consists of a cylinder with a valve for supplying and disconnecting a vacuum, a connector and an adapter with a filter film. The connector of the required length serves to separate the vacuum source from the needle. The valve in the vacuum system serves for the possibility of a metered supply of vacuum.

 The vacuum system acts as a suction of the tissue to the teeth of the inner tube at the point of insertion of the needle before turning the inner tube with the teeth. This ensures that the teeth are trapped in the teeth of the inner tube.

 A mechanical system with a vacuum pump is provided for pumping the cylinder. But directly applying it in a hospital is not comfortable for the patient, however, the authors do not exclude the use of a central pumping system, from which individual communications of tubes can be branched to supply vacuum to individual rooms of the clinic.

The structural diagram of the needle is shown in the drawing:
1. Outer tube (diameter 2 mm).

 2. The inner tube (diameter 1.5 mm).

 3. Filter trap.

 4. Adapter with filter film.

 5. Connector.

 6. The valve.

 7. The vacuum cylinder.

 8. Slot on the outer tube.

 9. The teeth in the slot of the inner tube with a sharp tip 10.

 12. A transverse slot for moving the pin 11 when turning the holder of the inner tube 13.

 14. A longitudinal slot for assembly-disassembly of the structure (insertion of the inner tube into the outer one).

 15. The holder of the outer tube.

 16. A longitudinal slot for extracting the resulting aspirate.

 The procedure for working with the needle.

 Before using the needle, disinfect and sterilize it disassembled. In this case, the inner tube is removed from the outer tube, and the adapter is also taken out of the holder of the inner tube disassembled.

 After sterilization, the needle is assembled. A filter film is placed in the filter trap adapter. A filter film is required to prevent liquid, vapor and moisture from entering the vacuum cylinder. The needle can be made with different lengths of longitudinal grooves, which is especially important for picking up the required lengths of tissue columns from different sizes of lesions.

 After the introduction of the needle into the patient's body, the inner tube is diverted to the left until it stops. During implantation, the inner tube is turned to the right to conceal the cloves and eliminate roughness when introducing the needle.

After that, on the command "Apply vacuum", the nurse presses the valve button 6 of the vacuum cylinder 7 and the doctor, holding the holder of the outer tube 15, turns the holder 13 of the inner tube to the right until the pin 11 rests in the slot 12, slightly pressing the holder 13 against the upper wall of the slot 12
The operation can be repeated without removing the needle to increase tissue intake. After the operation of taking the tissue and removing the needle, it is necessary to collect the sample from the pins. To do this, turning the inner tube slightly to the left, slightly pressing the holder 13 against the bottom wall of the slot 12 until the pin 11 hits the slot 16, push the inner tube forward. To completely remove the inner tube, it is necessary to tighten its pin to slot 14 and make a movement on itself.

 The vacuum-mechanical needle was tested in an experimental laboratory with experimental animals and on a separate type of postoperative extraction from the foci of patients. The results of the experiments gave a 100% guarantee of tissue sampling at a length of up to 50 mm.

 Analysis of the invention according to the criterion of "significant differences" indicates that the claimed technical solution, expressed in the ability to capture and retrieve a column of the required tissue length while maintaining the order of the layers in natural conditions, to reduce the morbidity of the patient, as well as a significant reduction in puncture time , ensures that the technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty." When comparing the claimed solution not only with an analogue, but also with other well-known technical solutions, solutions with similar characteristics were not found, which allows us to conclude that the technical solution meets the criterion of "significant differences".

Sources of information
1. Copyright certificate of the USSR 1364324, cl. A 61 B 17/34, 1988

 2. Automatic biopsy fixture with a conical vacuum chamber. U.S. Patent 5,246,011, 128-753.

Claims (3)

 1. A vacuum-mechanical needle for puncture biopsy, containing a vacuum system, an outer tube and an inner tube with longitudinal slots for sampling the column of the removed sample, which occurs by turning the inner tube through a set angle, characterized in that the longitudinal slots are made for the estimated length of the fence column, the sample is taken out, while on the inner tube the slot has cutting teeth on both sides, the vacuum system is made with a metered supply of vacuum to suck the tissue to the teeth, and the inside The lower tube is installed with the possibility of extension from the outer tube to the length of the slot or with the possibility of extension completely when moving backward.  2. The vacuum-mechanical needle according to claim 1, characterized in that the vacuum can be supplied from a common vacuum system or from an autonomous cylinder with vacuum.  3. The vacuum-mechanical needle according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that the vacuum source is separated from the needle by a convector of the required length.