RU2209774C1 - Surface heat insulation and tiling method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction methods. SUBSTANCE: method is implemented by laying tiles and fixing them by fastening members secured through one of their ends to mesh reinforcement attached to wall followed by filling space between surfaces of wall and tiles with plastic heat-insulation foamed concrete mix and forming vertical vent channels in foamed concrete. Tiles, having recess-crest structure of ends, are made from foamed concrete mix composed of, wt %: Portland cement 20-70, alumina cement 5- 7, microsilica 2-4, foaming agent 0.1-0.25, pigment 2.9-3.75, and filler 15-70. Fastening members are made in the form of holdfasts, whose free ends are inserted into recesses in the upper tile ends, whereas tiles are tightly joined with each other by applying onto their recess surfaces cement-latex glue to thickness by 1-2 mm superior to allowed tile size deviation. EFFECT: increased frost resistance of facing and enhanced heat insulation thereof. 1 dwg, 3 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the production of construction work, in particular to the reconstruction or rehabilitation of buildings or structures with simultaneous thermal insulation and architectural cladding.

 There is a method of facing the surface with tiles by laying them on a mortar applied to the surface to be coated with the formation of a ventilation duct by installing formwork in a mortar (1).

 The closest invention to a technical solution is a method of thermal insulation and wall cladding with tiles. In this solution, the fastening parts of the tiles are mounted on a reinforcing mesh fixed to the wall surface. Thermal insulation is carried out by filling the space between the surfaces of the wall and tiles with heat-insulating material, for example bulk foam. Ventilation ducts are made using rigid plastic pipes by sliding them up as the strength of heat-insulating foam concrete (2) increases.

 The disadvantages of these methods are, firstly, the complex work of sealing the joints between the tiles and, secondly, the method does not provide maximum thermal protection of the wall surface.

 The purpose of the invention is, firstly, sealing the joints between the facing plates to exclude cases of leakage through the joints of the plastic heat-insulating foam mass on the facade surface of the wall and, secondly, increasing the frost resistance of the lining and providing additional thermal insulation of the wall surface.

This goal is achieved due to the fact that in the method of thermal insulation and lining the surface of the walls with tiles by laying and fixing them with fastening parts fixed at one end to the reinforcing mesh installed on the wall, and then filling the resulting space between the surfaces of the wall and tiles with a plastic heat-insulating foam concrete mixture and with the formation in the foam concrete of vertical ventilation ducts, tiles with a tongue-and-groove construction of the ends, made of a foam concrete mixture of the composition, wt.%:
Portland cement - 20-70
Alumina cement - 5-7
Silica fume - 2-4
Frother - 0.1-0.25
Pigment - 2.9-3.75
Placeholder - 15-70
they are fixed to the reinforcing mesh by fastening parts made in the form of brackets, by clogging the free end of the bracket into the upper groove end of the foam concrete tile, and the tiles are tightly connected to each other by applying a layer of cement-latex adhesive 1-2 mm thick on the groove surface of the ends, than the allowable deviation in tile size.

 The drawing 1 shows a diagram of wall cladding (1) with tongue-and-groove foam concrete tiles (2), fasteners (3) of tiles, a heat-insulating layer made of especially lightweight foam concrete (4), a ventilation duct (5), a sliding plastic pipe (6) that determines the shape of the ventilation channel and reinforcing mesh (7). Tiles have a tongue-and-groove construction and are connected by an adhesive composition, for example, cement-latex adhesive (8).

The proposed method is carried out in the following sequence: a reinforcing mesh of ordinary reinforcing steel is fixed to the wall surface. The size of the rectangular cage of the reinforcing mesh is a multiple of the size of the facing tiles. For the reinforcing mesh, the curly details of the fastening of tiles made in the form of steel brackets having an anti-corrosion coating are fixed. One end of the bracket is fixed to the grid, and the other is driven (nailed) into the end of the foam concrete tile, fixing it in the design position. The ends of the tiles have a tongue-and-groove configuration and fit snugly together. When assembling the tiles, glue is applied to their upper grooved surface, for example cement-latex glue, 1–2 mm thick more than the permissible deviation in the dimensions of the tiles. Thus, the joint of the tiles is completely sealed. After hitching and aligning several rows of tiles, a plastic foam concrete solution with a low density and high thermal insulation characteristics is poured into the space between the wall and the inner surface of the tiles. Modern technology of non-autoclave foam concrete allows to obtain and transport foam concrete mix with a density of 80 kg / m ³ and, correspondingly, heat conductivity of 0.035 W / m • K through a mortar line. In the process of pouring heat-insulating foam concrete, ventilation ducts are created in it, through which excess moisture is removed from the plastic foam concrete. Ventilation ducts are created using rigid plastic pipes, which are installed vertically in the lower layer of heat-insulating foam concrete. And as the overlying layers are poured and the concrete strength is set, the pipes are constantly lifted up by the slip method. When the pipes move upward, a ventilation channel remains in the foam concrete, the cross section of which repeats the outer profile of the pipe. Since the surface of the plastic pipe is hydrophobic, it does not adhere to concrete and the pipe glides up without significant mechanical effort.

To fill the space between the wall surfaces and the laid tiles, any foam concrete mixture with a density of 80 - 130 kg / m ³ and thermal conductivity of 0.035 - 0.04 W / m • K can be used.

 Cladding tiles are made of foam concrete. The foam concrete of these tiles has a strength class of at least VZ and a frost resistance grade of at least F50. High strength and frost resistance of the tiles is ensured by the selection of the composition of the foam concrete mixture.

The compositions of the dry foam concrete mix for the manufacture of tiles and the properties of foam concrete are given in Tables 1 and 2. For all compositions, the water-solid ratio was the same and W / t was 0.35, and the calculated density was 700 - 800 kg / m ³ .

 Kleukinifolny, PO-1, "Morpen", "Penostrom", SDO and other foaming agents satisfying the requirements of clause 4.3 can also be used as a foaming agent. SN 277-80 Instructions for the manufacture of cellular concrete products, Stroyizdat M.I 981. In accordance with this instruction, the foam must meet the following requirements: output of holes K at least 15, utilization and not lower than 0.8. As a filler, sand of both natural and artificial origin can be used. Dispersed oxides of iron, chromium, cobalt, etc. can be used as pigments.

 The thermal insulation efficiency of the present invention is shown by comparing the thermal resistance of the cladding of the real project of the walls of residential buildings with the cladding of pressed cement-sand slabs with a density of 1800 kg / m, thermal conductivity of 0.65 W / m • K and a thickness of 0.06 m.

 In the second embodiment, the thickness of the foam concrete tiles is 0.06 m, their thermal conductivity is 0.21 W / m • K, the thickness of the heat-insulating layer is 0.15 m. The foam concrete tiles had a density of 700 - 800 kg / m with a strength class (В 2, 5/3 in MPa) and frost resistance F 50 (more than 50 cycles of freezing / thawing).

 Thermal resistance is the sum of the quotients of dividing the thickness of each layer by its thermal conductivity. Table 3 presents the calculations of two wall options, which show that the proposed method has a heat resistance of 30 - 40% higher than the known one.

Sources of information
1. USSR copyright certificate 608901, cl. E 04 F 21/00, Published 05/30/1978. Bulletin 20.

 2. Patent of the Russian Federation 2119568, cl. E 04 F 19/06, published on 09/27/1998. Bulletin 27.

Claims (1)

The method of thermal insulation and cladding of the wall surface with tiles by laying and fixing them with fasteners fixed at one end to a reinforcing mesh installed on the wall and then filling the resulting space between the surfaces of the wall and tiles with a plastic heat-insulating foam concrete mixture and with the formation of vertical ventilation ducts in the foam concrete, characterized the fact that the tiles with tongue-and-groove construction of the ends made of a foam concrete mixture of the composition, wt. %:
Portland cement - 20-70
Alumina cement - 5-7
Silica fume - 2-4
Frother - 0.1-0.25
Pigment - 2.9-3.75
Placeholder - 15-70
they are fixed to the reinforcing mesh by fastening parts made in the form of brackets, by clogging the free end of the bracket into the upper groove end of the foam concrete tile, and the tiles are tightly connected to each other by applying a layer of cement-latex adhesive 1-2 mm thick on the groove surface of the ends, than the allowable deviation in tile size.

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