RU220494U1 - Heating system for a vehicle's manual transmission - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to a device for thermal preparation of the thermal regime of a manual transmission (Gearbox) when operating a vehicle in winter.

A heating system for a manual transmission of a vehicle, including a cooling system for an internal combustion engine (ICE) of a vehicle, a phase change heat accumulator containing two coils, a gearbox heat exchanger, a thermally insulated expansion tank for coolant equipped with a plug with a valve mechanism, a system of thermally insulated pipelines and liquid electric pumps . In this case, the coolant of the heating circuit is antifreeze. Heating of the antifreeze used to warm up the oil in the vehicle gearbox occurs in a phase change heat accumulator from the heat-storing material 8-water barium hydroxide, which in turn is heated by the engine coolant through a system of thermally insulated pipelines connected to the phase change heat accumulator after the engine is started and warming up its cooling system to operating temperature.

The useful model makes it possible to reduce the preparation time for the thermal regime of the gearbox when operating a vehicle in conditions of low ambient temperatures.

Description

The utility model relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to a device for thermal preparation and maintenance of the thermal regime of a manual transmission (Gearbox) when operating a vehicle in winter.

The performance of a vehicle is largely determined by the stability of the performance of the manual gearbox. With an increase in the heat transfer of the gearbox into the environment, its thermal operating mode is disrupted, which entails an increase in internal energy losses and the wear rate of the friction surfaces of the gears.

According to research [Dolgushin, A.A. Changing the thermal regime of the gearbox of trucks / A.A. Dolgushin, A.F. Kurnosov, SP. Shvedov // Mechanization and electrification of agriculture. - 2011. - No. 2. - P. 14-15.], at an ambient temperature of minus 30°C, the oil temperature in the gearbox of a KamA3-5320 vehicle does not exceed 8°C even after 1.5 hours of operation. In this case, the optimal values of the transmission oil temperature are in the range of 60...90°C. Based on the data presented, we can conclude that in some cases of operation of manual gearboxes of vehicles in winter conditions, additional sources of thermal energy are needed, both to increase the rate of their warming up and to maintain their thermal regime during movement.

A device for heating the gearbox crankcase with the heat of exhaust gases is known (patent for PM No. 74605 published on July 10, 2008 Bulletin No. 19). This device allows you to reuse the heat of the vehicle engine to heat the gearbox housing. The disadvantages of this device include a high degree of fire hazard, a low coefficient of efficiency (efficiency), and the need to dismantle the heat exchangers of the transmission gearbox housings when operating the vehicle in the summer due to the deterioration of heat transfer to the environment by the crankcase walls.

A device for heating the oil of the drive axles of a truck is known (patent No. 212146 MPK F01M 5/02, F28D 15/00, published 07/08/2022, Bulletin No. 19), which consists of a liquid diesel heater, a steel tube for supplying exhaust gases to a splitter, a movable tube (corrugations) for supplying exhaust gases to the middle axle, a movable tube (corrugations) for supplying exhaust gases to the rear axle, a pneumatically controlled damper, air radiators. The disadvantages of this device for heating the oil of drive axles include the fact that an additional liquid diesel heater is required and that condensation may form on the walls of the axle crankcase and radiator.

A system for automatically maintaining optimal temperatures of working fluids and oils in units and components of self-propelled machines is known (patent for invention No. 2500899 published on December 10, 2013, Bulletin No. 34). The system provides heating for units and components of self-propelled vehicles, but is not without drawbacks. The main disadvantage is the difficulty of supplying oil to heat it directly in the heat exchanger due to its initial high viscosity, as well as low efficiency in the presence of a large number of heat transfer circuits. From the point of view of minimizing energy costs for the operation of the system for automatically maintaining optimal temperatures of working fluids and oils in the units and components of self-propelled machines, it would be more effective to supply the recovery circuit fluid directly to the units and systems.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed patent is the heating system for mechanical transmission units of a vehicle (patent No. 2595205 MPK F01M 5/02, F28D 7/10, published 08/20/2016, Bulletin No. 23), including a thermally insulated muffler-recuperator for heating the fluid system, made in the form of a “pipe-in-pipe” heat exchanger, on the inner pipe of which there are holes for the passage of exhaust gases from the outside into the inside of the pipe; for heat exchange between the exhaust gases and the system liquid, heat transfer tubes are installed in the muffler-recuperator, rigidly and hermetically fixed between end flanges using a welded joint in such a way that the cavities formed between the flanges of both sides of the muffler-recuperator connect the internal cavities of the heat transfer tubes, heat exchangers of the gearbox and drive axles, connected in parallel and serving to transfer heat from the system to the transmission gearboxes, with the gearbox heat exchanger installed on the inside of the gearbox wall, and its shape is similar to the shape of the wall, and the heat exchangers of the drive axles are installed on the outside of the main gear housings and are made similar to their shape, a liquid pump for fluid circulation and heat exchange between the muffler-recuperator and the system heat exchangers, a thermally insulated expansion tank for liquid, equipped with a plug with a valve mechanism, a liquid temperature sensor in the system connected to an electronic control unit (ECU) to monitor the thermal conditions of the heating system and control its electronic elements, a system of thermally insulated liquid lines, an exhaust gas switch box for supplying exhaust gases to the recuperator or in a standard muffler, an electromagnet for controlling the exhaust gas switching box.

The disadvantage of the heating system of the vehicle's mechanical transmission units under consideration is that condensate forms in the heat exchanger tubes after stopping and cooling the system, and the next time the engine is started, when the exhaust gases interact with the condensate, an aggressive environment is formed, leading to corrosion of the tubes, which can subsequently lead to to leakage of the liquid used as a coolant.

The technical task is to reduce the preparation time for the thermal regime of a vehicle gearbox under conditions of low ambient temperatures.

To achieve the technical task, a heating system for a manual transmission of a vehicle is proposed, including a gearbox heat exchanger, a heat-insulated expansion tank for coolant, equipped with a plug with a valve mechanism, a system of heat-insulated pipelines and liquid electric pumps, and also includes a cooling system for the internal combustion engine (ICE) of a vehicle. means, a phase transition heat accumulator containing two coils, while the coolant of the heating circuit is antifreeze.

In fig. The heating system for a vehicle's manual transmission is presented.

Shown in FIG. a heating system for a manual transmission of a vehicle, including a gearbox heat exchanger 1, a thermally insulated expansion tank 2 for coolant, equipped with a plug with a valve mechanism, a system of thermally insulated pipelines 3, liquid electric pumps 4 and 5, a cooling system 6 of the vehicle's internal combustion engine and a phase change heat accumulator 7 , containing coils 8 and 9, the heating of the coolant supplied to the heat exchanger 1 of the gearbox, to warm up the oil in the gearbox of the vehicle, occurs in the phase transition heat accumulator 7 from the heat-storing material 8-water barium hydroxide, while the coolant of the heating circuit is antifreeze.

The heating system for a vehicle's manual transmission works as follows: during pre-start preparation of vehicle components in winter, the driver starts and warms up the internal combustion engine to operating temperature. After warming up the internal combustion engine, the liquid electric pump 4 is turned on and the heated coolant from the cooling system 6 of the internal combustion engine through a system of thermally insulated pipelines 3 begins to circulate through the coil 8 of the phase transition heat accumulator 7, heating the heat-storing material 8-water barium hydroxide to the melting point, which melts in the molten condition continues to heat up. When the liquid electric pump 5 is turned on, the antifreeze, heating up in the coil 9 of the thermal accumulator of the phase transition 7, begins to circulate through the heat-insulated pipeline system 3 through the heat exchanger 1 of the gearbox, thereby heating the oil in the gearbox of the vehicle to the temperature required to start its movement.

The proposed system makes it possible to reduce the preparation time for the thermal regime of the gearbox in the first minutes of vehicle operation in conditions of low ambient temperatures.

Claims (1)

A heating system for a manual transmission of a vehicle, including a gearbox heat exchanger, a heat-insulated expansion tank for coolant, equipped with a plug with a valve mechanism, a system of heat-insulated pipelines and liquid electric pumps, characterized in that it includes a cooling system for an internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle, a phase change heat accumulator with two coils, one of which is connected to the internal combustion engine cooling system, and the other to a heat exchanger installed in the gearbox, while the coolant is antifreeze.

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