RU2203298C2 - Method of manufacture of decorative paints - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: pictorial art. SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in making TANK style paintings, paint coating of wooden sculptures, ceramic bas-reliefs and restoration works. According to proposed method, natural coloring agents and binder-glue made of skin of yak or horns on moose are mixed. EFFECT: improved elasticity and flexibility, increased longevity and resistance of paint coating to environmental effects. 3 ex

Description

 The invention relates to the field of painting and can be used to perform works of art in the style of the Old Buryat, Tibetan painting "Tank", artistic painting of wooden sculptures, ceramic bas-reliefs, as well as the restoration of ancient Buddhist temples (datsans), pagodas, etc.

 Currently, when performing the above works, oil painting paints, gouache, tempera, watercolor are used, glaze is less often used.

 A known method of manufacturing gouache paint, which consists in the mechanical mixing of components: a binder, pigments, fillers and water (see ed. St. 275273, IPC C 09 D 5/06, published in BI 22, 1970).

 The reasons that impede the achievement of the technical result indicated below when using the known method include the fact that when performing certain types of artwork (painting in the style of "Tank") gouache paints are difficult to preserve, short-lived, not sufficiently photosensitive.

 A known method of manufacturing art paints such as tempera based on a binder of polyvinyl acetate emulsion, pigments and solvents (see ed. St. 135992, class 09 D 5/06, publ. In BI 4, 1961).

 However, the art paints obtained by the known method, when used for outdoor works, are exposed to atmospheric influences, are not sufficiently moisture resistant, frost-resistant, therefore works made with such paints cannot be stored for a long time. In addition, when performing work on a fabric basis, paints of the tempera type give a break, their elasticity and flexibility deteriorate, and strength properties decrease. This method uses a synthetic binder, which has a negative impact on the ecology of the paint manufacturing process.

 A known method of preparing adhesive paint by mixing a solution of film-forming (glue of animal origin) with a concentrated aqueous suspension of pigments and fillers (see Chemical Encyclopedic Dictionary. M: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1983, p. 260).

 However, paints obtained in a known manner are used for painting "Tempera", in particular for priming canvases in enclosed spaces. Their disadvantage is non-water resistance, brittleness, brittleness, which makes them unsuitable for outdoor use. Over time, the paints obtained in this way lose color, cannot be used for painting "Tank".

 The closest in technical essence to the proposed invention is a method for the preparation of adhesive paint using natural pigments (see Series "Paint and Varnish Industry. Overview. Natural Pigments", NIITEKHIM, M., 1989, p. 50-51).

 However, paints obtained in a known manner are used to finish plastered surfaces mainly indoors: pigments for such paints must be alkali-resistant and resistant to the binder environment, which can be acidic. And for exterior decoration, these paints are used only in molar technology. In addition, various fillers are introduced into adhesive paints, which has a negative effect on its quality. These paints are not suitable for painting "Tank", because when painted by them, the products do not have elasticity and flexibility.

 The applicant set the task of obtaining artistic paint for painting "Tank", the closest palette to natural natural colors, allowing you to work on various materials, in combination with other types of paints (organic, synthetic, etc.). In addition, the objective of the invention is to create an environmentally friendly process for the manufacture of paint, eliminating the use of scarce materials and obtaining a high-quality product that is resistant to weathering.

 When carrying out the invention, the technical result obtained is to increase the elasticity and flexibility, durability and resistance of the paints to weathering.

 The specified technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the known method of making art paints based on mixing natural pigments and adhesives, the peculiarity lies in the fact that for the preparation of glue using the skin of a yak or moose horn.

 A distinctive feature of the proposed method is that the introduction into the paint composition of glue made from the skin of a yak or the horns of an elk, allows to increase the strength properties of the paint, consisting in elasticity and flexibility, and when the glue interacts with the natural pigment - durability, light resistance of the products; significantly expands the palette of color combinations and makes it possible to more fully reflect the great color diversity of nature and thereby more fully and deeply convey the semantic content of the work of art. These features of the paint obtained by the claimed method, allowed to use it for painting "Tank" (on a calico base). When performing work on a fabric basis, they do not give a break, have flexibility and elasticity. It turned out that adhesives obtained from the skins of yaks and antlers of a moose, when solidified, become very flexible and elastic (like cellophane). A piece of glue during its coagulation, compression did not break, did not give cracks, and when straightened it had its original appearance.

 It is known that natural pigments are the most durable and reliable colorful material used in the production of artistic paints, as they have properties that are most suitable for painting purposes. Due to the variety of colors and shades, beautiful glaze effects, rich and delicate pure tones, natural pigments have long been used in paintings and various kinds of artwork. Natural pigments have good coloring ability, cheapness, high light and weather resistance, which ensures durability of the coating. They are mainly used as part of art paints for painting on lime plaster indoors.

 In the inventive method, the adhesive, having good fluidity, easily penetrates into the space between the pigment particles, envelops each grain, forming strong bonds, that is, the pigment "dissolves" in the adhesive, as in water, but at this stage the use of water is excluded, i.e. to. the glue has the consistency of liquid sour cream. There is a simple mechanical mixing of the pigment with glue and due to the transparency of the glue, the pigment does not lose its color. At the same time, the glue gives the pigment (thereby paint) the properties of flexibility and elasticity, which makes it possible to use the paint for painting "Tank", to work on various materials (including on fabrics). All this testifies to the high strength properties of the paint, which are achieved due to the introduction of glue made from the skin of a yak or the horns of an elk into the paint. Due to the exclusion in the claimed method, in comparison with the known introduction of various fillers, it became possible to use paints with other types of paints, as well as the creation of environmentally friendly paints. In addition, the combination of properties of a binder (glue) and natural pigments enhances the strength, durability, and weather resistance of the paint.

 Used in the inventive method, the binder was obtained as a result of many years of experimental research. Known adhesives of animal origin made from horns, cattle hooves (cattle), as well as bone glue, cattle glue, sturgeon (fish) glue are used as a part of adhesive paints for painting "Tempera", in particular for priming canvases indoors . Their disadvantage is non-water resistance, brittleness, brittleness, non-ductility, which makes them unsuitable for painting "Tank", as well as for outdoor works. And for the elasticity of well-known animal adhesives, various fillers are added to them - PVA, glycerin, polyvinyl alcohol, etc., which has a negative effect on its quality. During long-term experiments, the applicant obtained an adhesive having the properties of elasticity and ductility, which precluded the introduction of various fillers into the paint. It is the glue obtained from the skin of a yak or the horns of an elk, in interaction with a natural pigment that achieves the technical result indicated in the invention.

 The natural pigments used in the claimed invention (lapis lazuli, malachite, cinnabar, volcanic tuffs, burners, etc.) are persistent in nature and do not lose their physical and mechanical properties when processed, they are closest in color to natural natural colors . Pigments are firmly bound to the glue and due to the exclusion of the use of various synthetic components, they increase the strength of the paint, its resistance to atmospheric precipitation, which is very important during external restoration work.

 An analysis of the prior art by the applicant, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, made it possible to establish that the applicant did not find a source characterized by features that are identical (identical) to all essential features of the claimed invention. The definition from the list of identified analogues of the prototype, as the closest in the totality of the features of the analogue, allowed us to establish a set of significant distinctive features in relation to the applicant’s perceived technical result in the claimed method set forth in the claims.

 Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "novelty."

 To verify the compliance of the claimed invention with the condition "inventive step", the applicant conducted an additional search for known solutions in order to identify features that match the distinctive features of the claimed method from the prototype. The search results showed that the claimed invention does not follow explicitly from the prior art. It is the introduction of the essential feature in the inventive method into the paint composition - glue made from the skin of a yak or the horns of an elk and its interaction with a well-known attribute - natural pigment, which made it possible to achieve the above technical result.

 Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "inventive step".

 The inventive method is as follows.

 To obtain pigments, the feedstock (natural pigments) is ground, cleaned of impurities and then abraded to a powder state with the addition of water. In the process of abrasion, several times drain water with foam and unnecessary impurities until the settling water is sufficiently light. After evaporation of the water, the pigment is ready and stored dry.

 To prepare the binder - glue take the skin of a yak and the horns of an elk. Glue from the skin of a yak is prepared as follows. Remove the wool from the skin until smooth, cut it into small pieces and cook it in a water bath over very low heat until a mass of gelatinous state is obtained. After that, the resulting mass is filtered in flat-bottomed enameled dishes, if stored, left to cool. After cooling, the mass is cut into pieces with a width of about 5 cm and a thickness of 3-4 cm, strung on a thread and dried in the shade of the room. After that, the glue is ready, it can be stored for a long time in a suede or linen, cotton bag, it is used if necessary by heating.

 To prepare glue from the horns of an elk, the horns are chopped into small chips and boiled, stored in the same way as described above.

 The yield of glue is: from one skin of a yak - 10 kg of adhesive mass, and in the dried state it is 500 g; 6-7 kg of sticky mass is obtained from paired antlers of an elk, and in the dried state it is 300-350 g. The adhesive obtained by the proposed method is very elastic, durable, and transparent. The longer it is in the air, the less it is exposed to precipitation, hardens and does not lose its properties. When mixed with natural pigment, strong bonds are formed, and due to the transparency of the adhesive, the mineral does not lose its color.

 To obtain artistic paint, liquid glue is added to the pigment in a ratio of 5-10% of the pigment volume, depending on the nature of the work and mixed.

Case Studies
1. To obtain paints of blue flowers of various tonality, the natural mineral lapis lazuli is taken as the starting material. For the manufacture of the pigment, lapis lazuli is ground in a metal mortar to a fraction of a particle size of 1: 3 mm, unnecessary impurities are separated. The purified raw materials are again milled to a fine sand fraction, placed in a porcelain bowl and poured water (5 parts water per 1 part raw material by volume). The resulting mixture is ground with a pestle, then part of the water is drained - this will be the first light blue tone. Gradually, with further grinding, several times the water is drained with the raw material fraction dissolved in it. After evaporation of water from the resulting masses, blue pigments are obtained, different in color saturation, which are stored in a dry state.

 To obtain a binder, take the skin of a yak, remove the wool from it to a smooth state, cut it into pieces and cook in a water bath over low heat until intense stickiness is obtained. The resulting mass is filtered.

 For the manufacture of paint take the right amount of pigment and mix with glue taken in a ratio of 5% of the pigment.

 2. To obtain green paint of various tonalities, the malachite mineral is taken as the feedstock and the entire process for producing pigment is similar to Example 1.

 To prepare the binder, they take the horns of moose, chop them into small pieces and cook in a water bath over low heat until intense stickiness is obtained, then the mass is filtered from unnecessary impurities.

 For the manufacture of various keys take the right amount of malachite and mix with glue in a ratio of 5% of the pigment.

 3. To obtain red and yellow paint, various natural minerals (volcanic tuffs, burners, etc.) are taken as the starting material. The raw materials are pre-milled in a mortar to a fine sand fraction, sieved through a fine sieve. Then the raw material is placed in an enamel bowl, pour boiling water and stand for 1 day. After this, the mixture is rubbed with hands. After evaporation of the water, a dry pigment is obtained for work.

 To obtain paints, the obtained dry pigment is mixed with the glue obtained in example 1, taken in a ratio of 10% of the pigment volume.

 Paints made by the claimed method were used during restoration work of the Tsugolsky datsan in the Chita region in 1993-1996. for exterior and interior decoration of the temple. Until now, the art coloring of the datsan has been well preserved, withstood atmospheric precipitation, and is lightfast.

 Thus, the paints obtained according to the claimed invention have high strength properties, frost and moisture resistant, durable. The invention is easy to use, environmentally friendly and expands the field of use of paints. Received by the claimed method, the paint allows the ability to work on various materials while maintaining its strength properties, for outdoor work, which is important for various art and restoration works. In addition, the raw materials for the manufacture of paints are cheap and affordable.

Claims (1)

 A method of manufacturing artistic paints by mixing natural pigments and a binder - glue, characterized in that as the glue use glue obtained from the skin of a yak or moose horn.