RU2203207C2 - Method of and device for treatment of loose materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: materials handling. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to sphere of processing of loose materials, particularly, to method and device used for temporary storing of such materials, their loading and unloading. Method comes to loading moose material into vertical cylindrical storage, accumulating, storage and subsequent unloading of material by means of horizontal conveyor installed in upper part of storage. Spiral conveyor is used in loading of material into storage by means of which loose material is transferred onto said horizontal conveyor furnished with adjustable intermediate unloading device for loading material into storage. Unloading of material from storage is carried out through ports made in cylindrical wall of storage along spiral corresponding to form of route of spiral conveyor which conveys load to said horizontal conveyor by means of which load is conveyed to vehicle when intermediate unloading device of conveyor is switched off. Proposed device has vertical cylindrical storage and horizontal belt conveyor installed in upper part of storage. Device is furnished with spiral conveyor for loading and unloading material. Spiral conveyor is multidrive and is provided with suspended belt coupled with endless pull chain. Horizontal conveyor also has suspended belt and it is furnished with adjustable intermediate unloading device for loading material into storage. Ports are made in cylindrical storage. Said ports are provided with controllable shutters. Ports are arranged over spiral corresponding to form of spiral of route of spiral conveyor. EFFECT: increased capacity at loading and unloading of loose material, reduced size of mounting area. 6 cl, 15 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to storage systems, in particular to the processing of bulk cargo associated with their storage, accumulation in a temporary storage and subsequent unloading.

 A known method of processing bulk cargo associated with their loading into a vertical storage (silo), the accumulation and subsequent unloading, starting with the lower layers of the accumulated cargo [1]. The disadvantage of this method is the low speed of loading and unloading cargo, the inability to unload the silo, starting from the top, which is necessary for most bulk cargo.

 There is also a method of processing bulk cargo associated with their loading into a vertical storage (silo), the accumulation and subsequent unloading, starting from the top of the accumulated cargo [2]. Moreover, the transport system is based on the use of standard belt conveyors, unloading of cargo is carried out through vertical columns mounted inside the silo, which select cargo from the upper layers through special windows. The transport system is represented by two separate conveyor lines - loading and unloading, each of which consists of several straight-line conveyors with overload sections between them.

 The disadvantage of this method is the low speed of loading and unloading cargo, as well as an increased demand for expensive production facilities.

 Closest to the proposed method is a method of processing bulk cargo associated with their loading into a vertical cylindrical storage (silo), accumulation, storage and subsequent unloading, which uses a horizontal conveyor installed in the upper part of the storage [3]. In the process of loading the silo, the cargo is poured from the loading conveyor to the distribution conveyor, and then with the help of a scraper device, it is spread across the entire volume. Silo unloading begins from the bottom of the accumulated cargo and is carried out using an unloading conveyor. Moreover, transport systems are separate for loading and unloading and are based on the use of typical belt conveyors.

 The disadvantage of this method is also the low speed of loading and unloading cargo, the overestimated need for expensive production facilities (for example, in ports, berths, railway stations, etc.), high metal consumption, the inability to unload cargo from an arbitrary depth, multi-levelness and complexity maintenance of the conveyor system, as well as the need for overload, which leads to spills and dusting of cargo, which in some cases are in conflict with environmental requirements.

 The objective of the proposed method is to increase the processing speed of various bulk cargoes and to develop the design of a device for its implementation, characterized by reduced needs in production facilities and material resources. When developing the design of a device for processing bulk cargoes, there is a need to solve two subproblems: developing a design of a spiral multi-drive conveyor with a hanging belt and developing a device for intermediate unloading of a conveyor with a hanging belt.

 This problem is solved due to the fact that they use a vertical cylindrical storage (silo), which carry out the loading of cargo, produce its accumulation and subsequent unloading.

 According to the invention, the unloading of the cargo from the silo is carried out with a variable depth. This allows, within the framework of a single approach, to process various cargoes, unloading them if necessary, starting arbitrarily from the upper, lower or intermediate level. In addition, the invention provides the possibility of simultaneous storage in one silo of goods of varying grades with the possibility of unloading a given variety from a fixed depth or even unloading a mixture of different varieties in a given proportion.

 In accordance with the invention, the storage service is carried out by a single transport system with the possibility of multipoint intermediate partial or full loading and unloading. This makes it possible, using the same transport system, to load the silo from an external supplier through the receiving hopper, unloading the silo into the vehicle, reloading the cargo from the receiving hopper to the vehicle, bypassing the silo, and also carry out the above operations simultaneously in any combination. The present invention makes it possible, during periods of lack of loading and unloading operations, to carry out, for example, tedding of a cargo which is prone to caking or needs to be aired, mixing the cargo to increase its uniformity, etc.

 The proposed method for the processing of bulk cargo can be implemented using a device for processing bulk cargo, the description of which is given below.

 A device for processing bulk cargo is proposed, including a vertical storage (silo), a spiral-shaped multi-drive conveyor, for example, a conveyor with a hanging belt, and a straight-line conveyor in the upper part of the silo, which receives cargo from a spiral conveyor. The spiral conveyor line is a helical line encircling the silo from the outside with end sections adjoining to it, and along the conveyor line in the lateral surface of the silo there are provided window-controlled shutters, for example, by means of an electric drive, for unloading the cargo onto the conveyor. At the bottom of the spiral conveyor is equipped with a receiving hopper. A straight-line conveyor installed in the upper part of the silo is equipped with at least one controllable intermediate unloading device. This makes it possible to either traditionally unload the straight conveyor from the end drum in the case of loading cargo into a vehicle, or to unload cargo into a silo. Unloading the cargo into the silo from a straight conveyor is carried out with the intermediate unloading device turned on. Unloading cargo from a straight conveyor to a vehicle is carried out with the intermediate unloading device off.

 Due to the fact that in the present invention the conveyor serving the system has a curvilinear configuration, it practically does not require expensive production facilities for its placement, and since it uses the side surface of the storage (silo) as a support, the mass of its metal construction is minimal.

 When implementing the invention, a technical result can be obtained consisting in a significant expansion of cargo handling capabilities, including unloading cargo from a given storage depth, as well as performing operations that are usually inaccessible to transport and storage systems: tedding, mixing, and targeted sorting of cargo.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings, which show a method of processing bulk cargo and a variant of the device according to the proposed method. Figure 1 and 2 presents a General view of the device; figure 3 is the same, a top view; figure 4 - the discharge window of the silo for unloading cargo on a spiral conveyor, equipped with a damper with an electric drive (type G in figure 2); figure 5 is a side view of the discharge window of the silo (type D in figure 4); figure 6 is a view of the intermediate drive of the spiral conveyor (view In figure 1); in Fig.7 is a cross section of a spiral conveyor with a hanging tape (section BB in Fig.1); on Fig - installation diagram of the intermediate drive spiral conveyor; figure 9 is a view of a straight-line conveyor with a hanging tape, equipped with an intermediate discharge device (view A in figure 1); figure 10-12 - the position of the tape on a linear section of the route, the intermediate state and the position of the tape at the maximum rise of the tape, respectively (section EE, Zh-Zh and ZZ in Fig.9); in Fig.13 - lift (view And in Fig.12); on Fig - cross section of the support frame of the elevator (section KK in Fig.13); on Fig is a view of a manual actuator correction of the position of the lift (type L in Fig.13).

The proposed method of processing bulk cargo is implemented as follows. When reloading cargo and loading it into a silo:
- bulk cargo 1 is loaded into the receiving hopper 2, from where it is lifted up and loaded onto a straight conveyor 5 using a spiral conveyor 3 having intermediate drives 4;
- from a straight conveyor 5, the cargo is unloaded into a silo 6 (in this case, an intermediate unloading device is turned on and the cargo is poured into the upper receiving hopper 7 of the silo 5) or transported further for, for example, loading onto any vehicle (with an intermediate unloading the device is turned off and the cargo is transported to the end of the straight conveyor 5).

When unloading cargo from a silo:
- using an electric actuator 8 open the shutter 9 of the windows 10 located at the desired height. The load from the silo 6 through the windows 10 is poured onto a spiral conveyor 3. Next, it is lifted up by a conveyor 3 and unloaded onto a straight conveyor 5. A straight conveyor 5 transports the cargo, for example, to any vehicle (the intermediate unloading device is disconnected and the load is moved to the end of the straight conveyor 5).

When mixing the cargo:
- using an electric actuator 8 open the shutter 9 of the windows 10 located at the desired height. The load from the silo 6 through the windows 10 is poured onto a curved conveyor 3. Next, it is lifted up by a conveyor 3 and unloaded onto a straight conveyor 5. An intermediate unloading device is turned on and a straight conveyor 5 transfers cargo only to the upper receiving hopper 7, from where it is loaded back into silo 6.

 Combinations of these operations are possible.

 A device for implementing the proposed method for processing bulk cargo includes a vertical storage (silo) 6, equipped with windows 10, equipped with controlled shutters 9 with the possibility of their displacement from the normally closed position for full or partial opening of windows 10, as well as a spiral-shaped conveyor 3 wrapping around the silo along a helical line having a receiving hopper 2 in the lower part and a straight conveyor 5 in the upper part, equipped with an intermediate unloading device.

 Closest to the proposed solution to the sub-task of developing the design of a spiral multi-drive conveyor with a hanging tape is a conveyor with a hanging tape [4], which includes a support frame (becoming) with closed guides fixed to it on both sides of the conveyor, made of a pipe and enveloping the drive and end drums , as well as an endless conveyor belt, on the sides of which roller suspensions are evenly fixed, moving along guides that are curved in space. In this conveyor belt has a concave shape in the plane perpendicular to the axis of the conveyor. At the same time, on the load-carrying section, the guides are brought together to increase the groove of the tape, and in the region of the drums, the guides are divorced, which ensures that the tape adheres to the working surface of the drums.

 The disadvantage of this conveyor is its inability to ensure the transportation of goods along a curved path due to the fact that in the tape, which is entrusted with the traction function, significant additional tensile forces arise. In addition, in the curved section of the tape, large radial loads act, perceived by the suspensions and cause additional stresses in the tape, which is especially characteristic of an idle branch having a maximum transverse dimension in projection onto a horizontal plane.

 The subtask of the present invention is the development of the conveyor design, transporting the cargo along a spiral path without loading the tape with additional tensile forces, as well as reducing the load on the suspension and the tape, including its idle branch.

 This subproblem is solved in that the device comprises a support frame (stand) with closed spiral-shaped tubular guides fixed to it on both sides of the conveyor, as well as an endless conveyor belt, which is directly or by means of intermediate elements interfaced with suspensions with the possibility of their movement along the guides.

где n - число витков винтовой линии;
h - высота подъема груза, м;
R - радиус винтовой линии, м;
α - угол естественного откоса транспортируемого груза, град.According to the invention, the tubular guides of the conveyor are made in the form of spatial curves so that the path of the belt is a helix with a vertically oriented axis. In this case, using a typical smooth tape, with a relatively small elevation angle of the tape trajectory, guaranteeing that no load is spilled, a practically unlimited increase in the load lifting height by varying the number of turns of the helix is possible. In order to reduce the cost of the conveyor, it is important to evaluate the minimum required number of turns of the helix, which is determined by the formula:

where n is the number of turns of the helix;
h is the height of the load, m;
R is the radius of the helix, m;
α - angle of repose of the transported cargo, deg.

 According to the invention, from the outside of the spiral portion of the conveyor belt, the suspensions are connected by an endless chain that transfers traction to the belt through the suspensions or other structural elements. Due to the fact that in the conveyor with a hanging tape the sides of the latter strictly follow along the guide trajectory, there is basically no risk for such a conveyor lateral gathering or folding of the tape in a curved section. This makes the conveyor with the hanging belt by its nature the most appropriate to the task of providing a curved path in comparison with conveyors of a traditional design. At the same time, even for conveyors with a hanging belt, without a design change, it is impossible to obtain a curved track with small (several meters) radii of curvature, since the longitudinal forces acting on the belt increase sharply.

 The assignment of the traction function to the chain allows you to unload the tape from longitudinal forces along the entire conveyor track. At the same time, on the curved sections of the conveyor path, the outer edge of the belt is not further stretched, and the inner one is reduced in length with the formation of a number of folds. In addition, unlike traditional conveyors, where the tape is repeatedly deformed during the passage of each roller support, in this case, the fold, once formed, remains unchanged over the entire length of the spiral section, which reduces the possible fatigue effect on the tape. To remove radial loads from the suspensions, the traction chain in the spiral section covers deflecting sprockets or rollers that absorb radial forces.

 Theoretical studies have shown that the size of the folds, and, therefore, the stress in the tape, depend on the transverse size of the tape in the projection on the horizontal plane. To weaken the influence of this factor in the proposed design, the guides on the cargo branch on the spiral section of the conveyor are made close. In addition, the guides on the idle branch come together so that the tape here forms the shape of the inverse groove (bulge up). In addition to reducing the transverse size of the tape in the projection onto the horizontal plane, the back trough allows you to ensure practical constancy of the deformed state of the tape throughout the work (except for the end sections). With pronounced rheological properties of the tape and associated with this "addiction" to a given shape, this can significantly increase the fatigue strength of the tape. Since the tape on the idle branch is not loaded, and the trench as a spatial structure has high bending stiffness, a minimum number of support rollers (one per several meters) is sufficient to maintain this shape of the tape.

 According to the invention, to reduce the loads on the chain, the deflecting sprockets, their bearing units and the supporting metal structure on the outside of the spiral section, the conveyor is equipped with intermediate drives that transmit the drive force to the endless chain. The number of intermediate drives may vary depending on the length of the track, the angle of inclination of the conveyor and its load.

 To reduce the cost of production of conveyors, it is advisable to unify the parameters of intermediate drives. According to the invention, in this case, conventional drives in the head and tail parts of the conveyor can be omitted.

 Since the conveyor of the proposed design, due to the release of the belt from the traction function, is expediently equipped with the cheapest thin conveyor belts, in accordance with the invention, the heavy end drums in the head and tail parts of the conveyor can be replaced by rollers or roller batteries.

 In FIG. 6 shows an intermediate drive of the conveyor (view B in FIG. 1); in FIG. 7 is a cross section of a ribbon with pendants (section BB in FIG. 1); on Fig - layout of deflecting stars.

 Spiral multi-drive conveyor 3 with a hanging tape includes a supporting metal structure with tubular guides 11 mounted on it, as well as an endless belt 12 (see Fig. 6, 7). Along the entire length of the conveyor, from the outside of the spiral-shaped section of the route along one of the tubular guides, an endless traction chain 13 (see Figs. 6-8) is circled around deflecting sprockets or rollers 14 (see Fig. 8). The traction chain is attached to the suspensions 15 (see Fig.6, 7) and through them or other structural elements mates with the tape. On the idle branch, the tape rests on the support rollers 16 (see Fig.7), acquiring the shape of the inverse groove. An intermediate drive 4 (see Fig. 1, 3, 8) is also mounted on the curved section of the conveyor, containing a drive 17 and a driven 18 (see Fig. 6) sprockets and a chain 19 with fists 20 mounted on it and able to come into contact with pushers 21 mounted on suspensions 15 (see FIGS. 6-8).

 The conveyor works as follows. When giving the traction chain 13 translational motion along the spiral path of the conveyor, the suspensions 15 and the belt 12 associated with it come into motion, and the suspensions, moving along the guides 11, hold the chain and the sides of the belt at a given height. On the spiral-shaped section, the opposite pendants located on opposite sides of the belt approach each other, following the approaching guides, and the tape sags between them, forming a deep gutter. At the same time, in its movement along the curved section, the tape is accordingly bent in plan. The chain 13, coupled with the suspensions 15 and the tape 12, prevents stretching of the outer edge of the tape, taking on the entire longitudinal load. In addition, running around the deflecting sprockets or rollers 14, it transfers a radial load to them, eliminating the last suspension 15.

 The driving sprocket 17 of the intermediate drive 4, rotating, drives the chain 19 with the fists 20 mounted on it, and the lower branch of the chain with the fists moves linearly in the direction of movement of the belt 12. Since the drive 4 is located so that the lower branch of the chain 19 is tangent to curvilinear the trajectory of the pushers 21, the pushers periodically engage with the fists 20, which give them the corresponding force from the drive.

 Closest to the proposed solution to the subtask on the design of a device for intermediate unloading of the conveyor is a conveyor with a hanging tape [4], including a support frame with closed guides fixed to it on both sides of the conveyor, made of a pipe and enveloping the drive and end drums, as well as endless a conveyor belt, on the sides of which roller suspensions are evenly fixed, moving along guides curved in space. In this conveyor belt has a concave shape in the plane perpendicular to the axis of the conveyor. At the same time, on the load-carrying section, the guides are brought together to increase the groove of the tape, and in the region of the drums, the guides are divorced, which ensures that the tape adheres to the working surface of the drums.

The disadvantages of this conveyor are:
- lack of intermediate unloading device;
- the impossibility of using known designs of intermediate unloading devices.

 This subproblem for developing the design of a device for intermediate unloading a conveyor with a hanging belt is solved due to the fact that the present invention comprises a conveyor with a hanging belt, including a support frame with closed guides made in the form of single pipes fixed to it on both sides of the conveyor, and an endless conveyor belt to which roller pendants are attached with the possibility of their movement along the guides.

 According to the invention, the unloading device is made in the form of a hoist, which, for example, contacts the middle part of the conveyor belt with the help of a roller, for example.

где Н - высота подъема середины ленты, м;
K= 0,0. ..1,0 - эмпирический коэффициент, величина которого обуславливается необходимой долей ссыпаемого груза. При K=1,0 груз ссыпается полностью;
В - ширина ленты, м;
φ - угол наклона к горизонту бортов ленты на регулярном участке трассы, рад;
α - угол естественного откоса груза, рад.If it is necessary to unload cargo at the unloading area, the roller rises, as a result of which the middle part of the tape is higher than its edges. Depending on the lifting height of the middle part, both partial and full unloading of the conveyor can be obtained. The lifting height of the middle part of the tape is determined by the expression:

where H is the lifting height of the middle of the tape, m;
K = 0.0. ..1,0 is an empirical coefficient, the value of which is determined by the necessary share of bulk cargo. At K = 1.0, the load is poured completely;
In - the width of the tape, m;
φ is the angle of inclination to the horizon of the sides of the tape on a regular section of the route, rad;
α is the angle of repose of the cargo, rad.

 The lift can have both a fixed and an adjustable lifting height for the belt. The adjustment of the lifting height can be carried out, for example, using an electric drive. The lift can occupy both a stationary position along the conveyor track, and adjustable, for example, using a manual screw drive.

 The intermediate unloading device includes a lift, which includes: a support frame 22, an electric motor 23, a coupling 24, a spindle 25, a slider 26, a rod 27, a lifting frame 28 and a roller 29. The elevator roller 29 is in contact with the conveyor belt 12, which is loaded with 1 on the suspensions 15 relies on guides 11 of the stav 30. Suspensions 15 are protected by casings 31. The height of the elevator is adjustable vertically by an electric drive. The position of the elevator along the conveyor path is determined by the location of the support frame 22 on the sliders 32 of the channel 33, mounted on the stand 30. Changing the position of the elevator is achieved by the screw 34 and the handle 35.

 In the case of unloading the conveyor at the site of contact of the cargo branch of the tape 12 with the roller 29 of the elevator, the middle of the tape 12 rises up (Fig. 11), the tape acquires a reverse groove (Fig. 12) and the load 1 is poured from the tape 12. In this case, the tape 12 goes state - it is now not suspended on the suspensions 15, but leans on the roller 29 of the elevator and the suspension 15. A change in the height of the middle of the belt is achieved by adjusting the height of the roller.

 The technical and economic advantage of the claimed invention lies in the possibility of multiple acceleration of loading and unloading of the silo, simplifying the design and reducing the material consumption of transporting systems, adapting the silo to handle various cargoes, as well as reducing the need for production facilities and eliminating unnecessary overload sites.

Sources of information
1. Sandvik Process Systems GmbH [advert, prospectus], Germany, 1999, 8 pp.

 2. Leonhadt, Kossert. NEAG Schwefelterminal Brake: Aniagenerweiterung in Betrieb genommen. Erdol Erdgas Kohle, Heft 10, 1996, s. 8.

3. SU 906825 A, 02.28.82, M. Cl ³ B 65 G 3/04.

 4. RF patent 2118285, IPC 6 В 65 G 15/60, BI 24, 1989.

Claims (6)

 1. The method of processing bulk cargo, which consists in loading bulk cargo into a vertical cylindrical storage, accumulating, storing and then unloading it, which uses a horizontal conveyor installed in the upper part of the storage, characterized in that when loading the storage using a spiral conveyor conveying bulk cargo on said horizontal conveyor, which is equipped with an adjustable intermediate unloading device, loading the storage, while unloading the storage They produce through the windows made in the cylindrical wall of the storage and located in a spiral corresponding to the shape of the spiral conveyor path, and said spiral conveyor, which transfers cargo to the said horizontal conveyor, by means of which this cargo is transferred to the vehicle when the intermediate unloading device of this conveyor is turned off.  2. A device for implementing the method, comprising a vertical cylindrical storage and a horizontal belt conveyor installed in the upper part of the storage, characterized in that it is equipped with a spiral conveyor for loading and unloading the storage, made multi-drive and having a hanging tape connected to an endless traction chain, and horizontal the conveyor is also made with a hanging belt and is equipped with an adjustable intermediate unloading device for loading the storage, while in a cylindrical storage e made windows, equipped with the control valve and arranged in a spiral shape corresponding to the track of the spiral conveyor of the store.  3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the spiral conveyor with a hanging tape has tubular guides for hanging the tape, each of which is made in the form of a spatial curve, which is a helix with a vertically oriented axis.  4. Device according to any one of paragraphs.2 and 3, characterized in that with an infinite traction chain that transfers traction to the belt, pendants are connected located on one side of the spiral conveyor, while deflecting sprockets or rollers are installed on the curved section, perceiving radial loads from the traction chain.  5. The device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the drives transmitting the drive force to the traction chain are installed on the outside of the corresponding section of the spiral conveyor with a hanging tape.  6. The device according to any one of paragraphs.2-5, characterized in that the unloading device of a horizontal belt conveyor with a hanging tape is made in the form of a height-adjustable and movable along the conveyor belt elevator, which, using a roller, contacts the middle part of the conveyor belt in this way that when unloading cargo from this conveyor to the storage, the middle part of the belt is higher than its edges.

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