RU2194112C2 - Method of and device for replacement of switches - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway transport. SUBSTANCE: according to proposed method, all load lifting operations are carried out by means of gantry lifts provided with telescopic rail grips with crossmembers which are transported to site in fully assembled state with self-loading onto vehicle on which they are turned through right angle in plan. One and then same vehicles are used for transportation of replaced and new units. Gantry lifts with crossmembers are installed in zone of switch to be replaced, then new switch unit is unloading from vehicle and is placed on top of unit to be replaced, and units are connected by rail grips of crossmembers into common pack. Then pack is lifted with turning over into upper horizontal position to adjoin span beams of gantry lifts by means of rail grips. Rails of new and replaceable units are turned upside down. After cleaning track base, pack is disconnected with replaceable unit left adjoining span beams being held by lifting rail grips. New unit, taken by telescopic rail grips is turned over in reverse order and is placed on base with fastening of butt joints. Free crossmembers are driven under replaceable unit re-gripping it by rail grips of crossmembers, unit is separated from span beams, is turned over in reverse order and is transferred into loading zone and placed on vehicle which is fed along restored track. All telescopic mechanisms are furnished with drive. Support pivot is provided in middle part of crossmember. Invention provides replacement of switches at nonobstructed running of rail vehicles over neighbor tracks. EFFECT: working equipment reduced to minimum. 4 cl, 26 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of railway transport and relates to methods for changing turnouts and devices used for this.

 There is a known method of changing turnouts, in which portal lifts are installed in the area of exchangeable switches, by means of which a block of changeable switches is lifted and transferred to an empty vehicle, and a block of a new turnout is removed from another vehicle and laid on the base [1].

 Installation for implementing the method includes gantry lifts installed in the girth of a changeable switch [1].

 There is also a known method of changing turnouts, in which the gantry lifts are installed in front of the zone of the exchanged turnout, the blocks of which are lifted by the cantilever track stacker and moved to the installation zone of the gantry lifts, where this block left on the way is lifted by the gantry lift outside the size of the track stacker, and then served an empty vehicle is placed under the portal lifts, onto which the removed block is placed, and then a vehicle with a new block is fed under the portal lifts com, which is raised is transmitted to the console tracklayer and placed on the base [2].

 According to the largest number of common essential features for the prototype, the invention according to ed. St. USSR 767262 [2], which discloses a method for changing turnouts, and also according to the description and drawings, it is possible to present a device for implementing the method.

 The disadvantage of this method is, firstly, the need for a console tracklayer. The carrying capacity of such a track layer is limited by the bearing capacity of both the rail track and the characteristics of the platforms manufactured by the industry.

 When switching to new designs of turnouts, consisting of enlarged blocks, this method is not feasible, since the use of long heavy traverses is required to separate longer flexible blocks from the base without damage.

 Secondly, the need for a sufficient number of empty vehicles, which is associated with the time spent on maneuvering the trains or a single train. In the latter case, due to its length and corresponding length of maneuvers, the unified composition of vehicles occupies a large section of the track and a large number of turnouts at the junction stations necessary for the movement of trains.

 Thirdly, to implement this method, the width of the portal lifts in the clearance between its racks should be greater than the length of the bars of the turnout block to provide a through passage of the block in a horizontal position between the racks. In this case, the possibility of partial overlapping of the adjacent section of the track is not excluded, and therefore, termination of movement along it is required. In connection with the transition to new designs of turnouts with enlarged blocks and an increase in the length of the bars of the cross block, the likelihood of such overlap increases even more.

 A device for implementing the known method [2] comprises gantry lifts having telescopic racks, a span beam and a lifting means, including a crosshead with rail grips and its suspension to the span beam by means of cargo ropes.

 Work equipment, including gantry lifts, is complemented by a cantilever track-laying machine and empty vehicles for loading interchangeable units, as well as transportation of gantry lifts, disassembled into parts to comply with transport dimensions.

 A disadvantage of the known device for implementing the method [2] is that it has an unchanged width and does not have additional mechanical devices for holding and operations with the second turnout unit, as well as for transporting it by a general-purpose vehicle without disassembling it to parts.

 The width of the gantry lifts should be greater than the maximum length of the block bars, since the cantilever tracker can carry and leave the block under the gantry lifts only in a horizontal position due to its low overall height, which is limited by the height of the block raised by the gantry lift and the need to go under it, and the height of the gantry the lift is limited by the safe distance to the contact wire.

 The task arises - to create such a way of changing turnouts, in which the smallest possible amount of working equipment will be involved in the work process and which will ensure unhindered movement along the neighboring path. To implement this method, the working equipment must have a high carrying capacity, reliability, be safe during work.

 The problem is solved in that in the known method of changing turnouts, including operations for removing, moving and transporting interchangeable and unloading, moving and stacking new blocks of turnouts with the help of lifting and vehicles, with cleaning the base of the track before laying a new block, all lifting operations lead with the help of telescopic rail grips gantry lifts with traverses, which transport to the place of work as a whole with self-loading onto a vehicle, on which x turn in the plan at a right angle, use the same vehicles to transport replaceable and new blocks, install gantry lifts with traverses in the change zone of turnouts, then unload from the transport a new block that is moved and stacked on top of the replaced block and connected their rail grips traverse in one package, which is lifted with a flip to the upper horizontal position, adjacent to the span beams of the portal lifts through their rail grips , while the rails of the new and replaceable block are turned down, then, after stripping the base of the track, the package is disconnected, leaving the replaceable block with the rail grips of the elevators to the span beams, the new block intercepted by the telescopically retractable rail grippers of the traverse is turned over in the reverse order and laid on the base fixing the joints, and under the replaceable block they let down the free traverses, intercepting it with rail grips, the traverses, unlock from the span beams and turn over in the reverse order and, placing in the loading zone, placed on the vehicle, which serves on the restored path.

 In addition, in order to expand the front of simultaneously performed work, portal lifts are installed simultaneously along the entire length of the turnout switch, while the blocks are connected in series with each other when unloading from a vehicle and disconnected during loading.

 The proposed method will reduce the amount of working equipment used by eliminating the cantilever track layer and the use of the same means for transport work.

 At the same time, there are no industry and industrial restrictions on the capacity of the portal lift and the possibility of an unhindered transition to enlarged turnout blocks and a decrease in the number of simultaneously installed portal lifts due to an unlimited increase in their carrying capacity opens up.

 The unloading of new blocks, carried out after the installation of the portal lifts, a new sequence of operations with replaceable and new blocks will eliminate the need for empty vehicles, which will halve the vehicles, reduce the maneuvering area and the time required for maneuvering.

 Laying a new block on top of the replaceable one and combining them into one package will increase the rigidity of the replaceable unit several times and reliably, without damage, separate it from the base.

 By turning the package to the upper horizontal position, at which the new block is located at the bottom, replaceable at the top, both rails have the rails at the bottom, and the adjoining to the span beams are behind these rails, a reliable guarantee is achieved for safe work on cleaning the base with bulldozers, as accidental falling worn bars and rails of a replaceable block. This avoids the need to remove blocks from the turnout zone to clean the base, as in the known method [2], that is, creates an additional opportunity to avoid the use of a cantilever track-laying machine and an empty vehicle.

 The separation of the package and the following operations are necessary to bring the blocks into a normal position while maintaining the achieved height position relative to each other, that is, the new block is at the bottom, and the replaceable one is at the top. Thus, it is possible to restore the path under the gantry lifts for feeding a vehicle along it and loading a replaceable unit onto it. Moreover, without the need for a known method [2] removal of the removable unit outside the switch. This also creates an additional opportunity to avoid the use of a cantilever track layer and an empty vehicle.

 In addition, the ability to perform these operations in one place, without longitudinal through movement of the blocks in a horizontal position through the portal lifts, allows you to set the width of the portal lifts corresponding to the length of the bars of the block at the place of installation. At the same time, there is always the possibility of the vehicle leaving the installation area of the portal lifts in the direction of expansion of the unit to be replaced. In this case, the width of the portal lifts used according to the present technical solution is less than by the known method [2], and, therefore, the probability of blocking the adjacent track and closing the movement along it is less.

 Transportation of the portal lifts as a whole with self-loading onto a vehicle and turning it in a plan to a right angle allows observing transport dimensions without disassembling them into parts and without using special transport and lifting equipment for this.

 The simultaneous installation of portal lifts along the entire length of the turnout switch, at which their subsequent rearrangement is not provided, will increase the productivity of changing the turnouts in general, and in the operation to clean the base, compare it with the productivity by the known method [2]. The number of simultaneously installed portal lifts can be reduced by increasing their carrying capacity and the use of long traverses. This facilitates, firstly, the transition to enlarged turnout blocks, and secondly, leads to a further decrease in the width of the portal lifts in comparison with their width according to the known method [2], since with an increase in the length of the block the difference between the maximum length increases accordingly block beams and their length at the installation site of the nearest portal lift. This further reduces the likelihood that the portal lifts will block the adjacent track. When carrying out portal lifts of variable or adjustable width, this probability is generally eliminated.

 In this case, the blocks are sequentially connected to each other during unloading from the vehicle and disconnected during loading. Since the placements of blocks on the vehicle are remote from each other, and the portal lifts are installed for operations with blocks that are mounted closely to each other, unloading and loading of blocks is possible only with the sequential alternation of unloading or loading of one block with portal lifts and feeding them the next block or laying place by moving along the vehicle path.

 Thus, this gives an additional opportunity to finally avoid the use of a cantilever track stacker for the longitudinal feeding of blocks.

 The device with which the work is carried out with turnout units also contributes to the task of carrying out unhindered movement along an adjacent path due to the fact that in the known device containing portal lifts having telescopic racks, a span beam and a lifting mechanism including a beam with rail grippers and its cargo suspension to the portal lift, the span beam is made telescopic and equipped with rail grippers, while the traverse is also made leskopicheskoy like thereon, and in-flight beam rail grippers are telescopic, and all the telescopic drive mechanisms are provided, wherein the crosshead is provided in the middle of the fifth rotary bearing.

 The new implementation of the span beam will allow the width of the portal lifts at all installation sites, corresponding to the length of the bars in these places, which eliminates the closure of the adjacent path.

 Equipping the span beam with rail grippers and performing all telescopic rail grips will allow both individual blocks and a block package to be traversed by the rails and traverse the rails.

 The implementation of the traverse with a support swivel heel allows the gantry lifts to rely on the traverse and turn with it in a plan at a right angle when unloading from a general-purpose vehicle and loading onto it, carried out during transportation, installation and rearrangement of gantry lifts.

 It also contributes to the task of reliability of working equipment and safety during the work that the cargo suspension of the traverse to the gantry lift is made in the form of at least three telescopic cylinders pivotally fixed at one end on the traverse and the other ends on the jumper, which is equipped with drive grips for connection with any of telescopic racks or a span beam of the portal elevator.

 This will allow to exclude the manual operations of transfers of cargo suspensions from one end of the crosshead to the other, carried out when the package and blocks are turned over by portal lifts.

 In FIG. 1-26 are diagrams of technological operations of the claimed method for changing switches and devices for implementing the method: FIG. 1 - installation of portal lifts; FIG. 2 - unloading a new unit from a vehicle; FIG. 3 - overlay of a new block on top of the replaceable one and connection to it in a package, the beginning of a package revolution; FIG. 4 - flipping the package to the upper horizontal position, adjoining it to the span beams of the portal lifts, cleaning the base of the track; FIG. 5 - disconnecting the package, flipping the new unit into its normal position, laying it on the base and securing it; FIG. 6 - flip of the unit to be replaced in its normal position and loading onto the vacant seat of the vehicle; FIG. 7 - installation of portal lifts along the entire length of the switch; FIG. 8 - installation of a reduced number of portal lifts along the entire length of the turnout switch using long traverses; FIG. 9 is a view along arrow A in FIG. 3; FIG. 10 is a view along arrow B in the intermediate position of the bag of FIG. 3; FIG. 11 is a view along arrow B in FIG. 4; FIG. 12 is a view along arrow G in the intermediate position of the new unit in FIG. 5; FIG. 13 is a view along arrow D in FIG. 5; FIG. 14 is a view along arrow E in the intermediate position of the replaceable unit in FIG. 6; FIG. 15 is a view along arrow G in FIG. 6; FIG. 16 is a view along arrow And in FIG. 7; FIG. 17 is a view along arrow K in FIG. 7; FIG. 18 and 19 - the design of telescopic mechanisms, respectively, traverse and span beams; FIG. 20 and 21 - respectively - the same, a top view in section; FIG. 22 - node L in FIG. eleven; FIG. 23-26, respectively, views A, B, C, G in FIG. 3, 4, 6 with an embodiment of cargo suspensions.

 The claimed method of changing switches using well-known cargo suspensions of portal lifts is as follows.

 On the side of the road 1 above the turnout 2, portal lifts 3 are installed, equipped with lifting equipment - cargo suspensions 4 and traverses 5.

 Unload new units 6 from vehicles 7 primarily after the installation of portal lifts 3.

 At the same time, the new block 6 is captured by traverses 5, lifted by cargo pendants 4 from the vehicle 7 and, after its departure, is laid over the replaceable block 8 and connected to it in a packet 9 by means of telescopically extendable rail grips 10 of the traverse 5.

 Then, having hooked one of the cargo suspensions 4 over the opposite edge of the crosshead 5, separating the replaceable block 8 from the base 11, they lift the packet 9 into a vertical position and lean it against the racks of the portal lifts 3.

 The removable unit 8 is separated from the base 11 without hindrance, since the stiffness of the unit is increased several times by linking it into a package 9, which is no longer flat but box-shaped.

 Having hooked the other cargo suspension 4 over the lower edge of the crosshead 5, lift it and, thus, turning over the packet 9, move it to the upper horizontal position and adjoin telescopically extendable rail grippers 12 to the span beam of the portal lift 3. At the same time, the new bottom located upside down rails unit 6 serves as a safety grill, which prevents the worn-out elements of the replaceable unit 8 or their parts from falling.

 Next, perform the cleaning of the base, for example, bulldozers 13 or similar mechanisms (front loaders, etc.).

 After that, leaving the interchangeable unit 8 with adjoined grippers 12 behind the rails to the span beam of the portal lift 3, open, push the grippers 10 and disconnect the package 9. The new block 6, intercepted by the retracted grippers 10, the traverse 5, turn it over in the opposite order with the freight suspensions 4, move it to installation zone 14 and laid on the base 11, where it is fixed by connecting rail joints.

 Then removing the traverse 5 with cargo pendants 4 and turning it over, they bring it under the replaceable block 8 and capture it. After that, the interchangeable unit 8 is unlocked, turned over in the same reverse order with cargo suspensions 4 and moved to the loading area 15 to the vacant seat of the previous vehicle 7, which is served at this point along the restored path 1 under the portal lifts 3. Therefore, the empty vehicles required.

 Departure of the vehicle 7 with the removable block 8 immersed on it is carried out in the direction of branching of the turnout, along any of the path branches, that is, in the direction of expansion of block 8. Therefore, the width of the portal lifts 3 can be selected not by the maximum length of the bars, but by the length of the bars in place of installation.

 If this rule is applied to each gantry lift 3, and this is possible with a variable or adjustable width, then the probability of overlapping an adjacent path at the narrowest point of the turnout is completely eliminated.

 Next, the portal lifts 3 rearrange to the next block of turnout 2 and the cycle of operations is repeated.

 To expand the front of simultaneously performed work, the portal lifts 3 are installed along the entire length of the switch 2 (Fig. 7).

 To reduce the number of portal lifts 3, increase their load capacity, provide long traverses 16 and switch to the use of enlarged blocks 17 turnouts.

 At the same time, the switch blocks are changed by portal lifts simultaneously in the described order, except for unloading and loading operations on the vehicle 7, which are performed as follows.

 Since the location of the blocks on the vehicle 7 does not correspond to the arrangement of the portal lifts 3, the unloading and loading of the blocks are carried out one at a time, feeding the next block, or a place for the block by the movement of the vehicle 7 along the path 1, sequentially connecting together or Separating turnout blocks.

 Rearrangement and transportation of portal lifts is carried out in the following order (Fig. 7, 16. 17). For this, a vehicle 18 of general use is used, i.e. the railway platform, onto which the gantry lift 3 is lowered, using the yoke 5 with the pivoting foot 19 as a support, raise the telescopic racks of the gantry lift above the platform level, then rotate it in plan to a right angle and fix it. In this way, the gantry lift fits into the transport envelope. Unloading and installation of the portal lift is carried out in the reverse order. With an asymmetric arrangement of the portal lift relative to the platform, it is centered, that is, they achieve alignment of the rotary heel with the center of the platform by stepwise transverse movements of the portal elevator with alternate support on the platform (rotary fifth) and on the track (uprights), alternating with the movement of sections of telescopic mechanisms of the beam and traverse 5 (Fig. 16).

 The device for implementing the method includes gantry lifts 3 installed on the track 1 over the railroad switch 2, having telescopic racks and a span beam, equipped with lifting means — freight suspensions 4 and traverses 5. The traverses 5 are telescopic and have rail grips 10, and the span beam of the portal lifts 3 is also made telescopic and equipped with rail grippers 12. In this case, rail grips 10 and 12 are also made telescopic, and all these telescopic sleep mechanisms They are driven, for example, from cylinders 20-26. In this case, the telescopic sections of the traverse 5 and the span beam are connected by cylinders 20-26 in pairs, which makes it possible to move any of the sections independently of the others and allows the extended grips 10, 12 to go behind the rails and thereby connect the cross beam or span beam with blocks or a package of blocks.

 The traverse 5 is provided in the middle part of the support swivel fifth 19. The middle position of the support swivel heel 19 relative to the ends of the traverse 5 is provided at symmetrically extreme positions of the cylinders 20, 21, 22 and 24. In other cases, the support of the support swivel heel 19 relative to the middle position of the traverse 5 is possible. which allows for step-by-step movements of the gantry lift 3 with said centering thereof relative to the railway platform 18 and vice versa. Of course, that such step movements of the sections of the telescopic mechanism of the beam 5 should be synchronous with the movements of the sections of the span beam, which is quite feasible in the claimed device.

 The operation of such a device is disclosed in the description of the implementation of the method.

 A device for implementing the method with a variant of the traverse cargo suspensions includes at least three telescopic cylinders 27-29. Some ends of the telescopic cylinders are pivotally mounted on the traverse 5, and others, also pivotally, on the jumper 30, which is equipped with drive grippers 31 for connection with either telescopic racks or with the span beam of the portal lift 3.

 The operation of the device with the option of cargo suspensions differs in that they work not only in tension, but also in compression, while maintaining the necessary stability. Therefore, interoperational hand-held suspensions are not required. When carrying out the final operation of loading the removable unit 8 onto the vehicle 7, for convenience of loading, the jumper 30 is transferred by telescopic cylinders 27-29 to the span beam (Fig. 26). In this position, the jumper is secured with drive clamps 31 and thereby provides loading at any position of the vehicle 7 relative to the portal lifts 3.

 Thus, the proposed method and device will allow, using the smallest amount of working equipment, to ensure the process of changing turnouts without stopping traffic on an adjacent path with accelerated and safe execution of work.

Claims (4)

 1. A method of changing turnouts, consisting of operations for removing, moving and transporting interchangeable and unloading, moving and stacking new blocks of turnouts using lifting and transport vehicles, moreover, before laying new blocks, the base of the track is cleaned, characterized in that all lifting work is carried out using gantry lifts with telescopic rail grips with traverses, which transport to the place of work as a whole with self-loading onto a vehicle onto which m they are turned in a plan at a right angle, the same vehicles are used for transportation of replaceable and new blocks, gantry lifts with traverses are installed in the switch change zone, then traverses are unloaded from the transport of a new block, which is moved and stacked on top of the replaced block , and connect them with rail clamps traverses in one package, which is raised with a flip to the upper horizontal position, adjacent to the span beams of the portal lifts through their relays hinges, while the rails of the new and removable block are turned down, then after cleaning the base of the track, the packet is disconnected, leaving the replaceable block with the rail grips of the elevators to the span beams, the new block intercepted by telescopically retractable rail grippers of the traverse is turned over in the opposite order and laid on the base fixing the joints, and under the replaceable block they let down the free traverses, intercepting it with rail grips, the traverses, unlock from the span beams, turn over in the opposite direction row and moving in the loading zone, placed on a vehicle which is supplied by the restored path.  2. The method of changing switches according to claim 1, characterized in that the portal lifts are installed simultaneously along the entire length of the switch, while the blocks are connected in series with each other when unloading from a vehicle and disconnected during loading.  3. A device for implementing the method, comprising gantry lifts having telescopic racks and a span beam, and a load-lifting mechanism, including a beam with rail grips and its cargo suspension to the portal lift, characterized in that the span beam and the beam are telescopic, while the span beam it is also equipped with rail grippers, both on it and on the traverse rail grips are made telescopic, and all telescopic mechanisms are equipped with a drive, while the traverse is equipped with Helen in the middle of the supporting rotary heel.  4. The device for implementing the method according to p. 3, characterized in that the cargo suspension is made in the form of at least three telescopic cylinders pivotally mounted at one end on a traverse and the other ends at a jumper, which is equipped with drive grips for connection with any of the telescopic racks or span beam of the portal lift.

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