RU2192721C2 - Saline soil tillage tool - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: tillage tool has slitter made in the form of hoes inclined to horizontal plane and laterally offset by means of tines, which are interconnected by horizontal knife fixed to tine mid portions. Knife and tines are equipped with detachable blades mounted in slots formed in tines and knife. Blades are fixed in slots by means of cylindrical pins. Tines and knife are defined by sides and gaskets arranged between sides. Each of tine and knife sides and horizontal parts are made integral. Vertical parts of tine sides and horizontal surfaces of knife are provided with windows. Hoes are attached to tine lower parts and are made detachable. Tillage tool of such construction provides for efficient discharge of saline depositions into drain pipe. EFFECT: reduced power consumption for mellowing and slitting processes and enhanced reliability in operation. 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to tools for treating soils, such as saline.

 Known working body of the soil slitter, made in the form of a rack with a knife, in which, in order to create open continuous slots without protruding soil rollers, the knife is made in the form of a dihedral vertical wedge with a curved-concave cutting edge; in order to reduce the filling of the gap with soil, spring-loaded leveling plates are pivotally fixed in the back of the knife; the angle of attack of the knife is made variable in height; the leveling plates are curved outward (SU, copyright 389735. M.cl. A 01 B 13/16. Working body for soil cleavage // V. N. Sidorenko. Declared 12/23/1971, published 11/07/1973).

 The disadvantages of the presented working body to the solved technological and design problem in the treatment of saline soils in irrigated agriculture include a small zone of soil deformation, which is practically not suitable for drainage of highly mineralized excess moisture.

 The closest analogue to the claimed object in terms of combination of features and essence to the problem being solved is a tool for treating saline soils, including a slotting machine, in which, in order to form a soil horizon for chemical washing with simultaneous removal of salt deposits into the drainage stream, behind the slotting machine on both sides from him and above, loosening working bodies are installed; cultivating working bodies are made in the form of unilateral paws inclined to the horizon (SU, copyright certificate 372952. M.cl. A 01 B 13/00, E 02 B 11/02. A tool for treating saline soils // K.V. Aleksandryan, G .I.Danilevich, D.Ya.Synmer, A.V. Agasyan. Declared May 18, 1971. Published March 12, 1973).

 The reasons that impede the achievement of the required technical result when using the known device adopted for the closest analogue include insufficiently wide functionality.

 The invention consists in the following.

 The problem to which the invention is directed, is the expansion of the functionality of tools for processing saline soils.

 The technical result is a reduction in the energy intensity of the process when loosening and making slots for the removal of salt deposits into the drainage drain, simplifying the design and number of working bodies, increasing the service life of the working body of the cracking agent, increasing the depth of the work of cracks.

 The specified technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in a known tool for treating saline soils, including a slotting device in the form of paws inclined to the horizontal, mounted by means of racks with an offset to the side, according to the invention, the racks are mutually connected by a horizontal knife installed in the middle part thereof, said knife and each of the uprights to the direction of movement have different inclined detachable blades mounted in the grooves of the uprights and knife and fixed with pins in them, the uprights and the knife are formed and sidewalls spacers, each of the sidewalls and struts formed single piece blade, wherein the vertical portion of the sidewalls and struts horizontal plane blade provided with technological windows.

 Due to the fact that in the middle part between a pair of racks a horizontal knife and detachable blades are mounted on the front sections of the knife and racks, the above technical result is achieved.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings.

 In FIG. 1 shows a slit former of a tool for treating saline soils, side view.

 Figure 2 is the same plan view.

 Figure 3 is the same in a perspective view.

 Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention are as follows.

 The tool for treating saline soils contains, in addition to well-known nodes, a slot former in the form of paws 1 and 2 inclined to the horizon, installed by means of racks 3 and 4 with mutual offset to the side.

 Racks 3 and 4 are mutually connected by a horizontal knife 5 installed in the middle part. The aforementioned knife 5 and each of the racks (3, 4) have detachable blades 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 differently inclined to the direction of movement.

 Mounted in the grooves of the rack 3 and the rack 4, as well as the knife 5, detachable blades 6-10 are fixed in them with pins 11 (see figure 3). Racks 3, 4 and knife 5 are formed by sidewalls 12 and 13 and gaskets 14. Each of sidewalls 12 and 13 of racks 3, 4 and knife 5 is formed by a single piece of sheet steel 8-12 mm thick and properly cut.

 The vertical parts of the sidewalls 12 and 13 of the racks 3, 4 and the horizontal planes of the knife 5 are provided with technological windows 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19.

 Paws 1 and 2 are fixed on the lower sections of the racks 3 and 4 and are made detachable. To the parallel longitudinal beams of the frame of the gun, the racks 3 and 4 are fastened with bolts M 30 • 145, inserted into the holes 21 and 22 (see figures 1 and 3).

 Two support wheels with screw mechanisms are properly mounted on the implement’s frame to regulate the depth of the crafts of the slots and the size of the layer to be processed. The frame is equipped with hinge brackets and fingers for swiveling with rods of the mounted system of an aggregated tractor of draft class 3.

 The tool for processing saline soils works as follows.

 After preparing the gun for operation, it is hung on the linkage of the mounted system of an aggregated tractor.

 With the steady movement of the unit, the process of making vertical slots with focal reservoirs in the lower sections in the subsurface (soil horizon) layer and loosening of the upper root-inhabited layer with plant and root residues is carried out as follows.

 The first to take part in the process chain along the movement of the unit is a paw inclined to the horizon 2. The cutting edge of the paw 2 cuts the soil at a depth of 0.50-0.65 m from the field surface. With paw 2, the soil is deformed into large clods and boulders, forming voids in the zone with a diameter of 0.15-0.30 m. When moving the lower section of the rack 4 in the subsurface horizon, drainage is thus formed for collecting mineralized water, its accumulation and subsequent discharge.

 A removable blade 9 on the front lower part of the rack 4 cuts a vertical gap in the subsurface layer. Simultaneously with the detachable blade 9, the blade 10 is involved in the upper inclined part of the rack 3. The second vertical slot is cut by the cutting edge of the blade 10, offset from the slot cut by the removable blade 9. The crop residues and roots of the plants are cut by the cutting edge of the blade 10. Uncut stems move along the blade 10 down in the direction of the paw 1.

 Next, the cutting edge of the detachable blade 6 of the horizontal knife 5 comes into operation. The upper soil layer saturated with plant roots is cut with a blade 6. This layer is subjected to intense crumbling.

 Then paw 1 inclined to the horizon comes into operation. It forms a focal reservoir for the accumulation of highly mineralized water from the soil layer. A detachable blade 7 cuts a vertical gap in the subsurface layer. The slot cut by the bottom of the rack 4 is slightly offset towards the rack 3. Finishes the preparation of focal reservoirs detachable blade 8 on the upper part of the rack 4.

 The offset of the detachable blade 10 on the stand 3 in comparison with the detachable blade 8 on the stand 4 in the direction of travel of the implement eliminates jamming of the upper soil layer between the upper parts of the posts 3 and 4 and exposes the soil layer to additional crumbling.

 A similar position of the blades 7 and 9 in the lower sections of the uprights 3 and 4 allows to reduce the overall traction resistance of the gun.

 The loss of a sufficient amount of natural precipitation in the form of rain leads to the dissolution of the mobile forms of salts, and under the influence of gravitational forces they rush to the compacted bed made by the blade 6 of the horizontal knife 5. The brine from the compacted bed flows down the walls of the left and right cracks into the focal reservoirs, cut into paws 1 and 2.

 Thus, the described slit-forming device located on the longitudinal bars of the frame of the declared tool forms equidistant remote focal reservoirs at a depth of 0.5-0.6 m for drainage flow. The treated soil strips form a soil horizon that contributes to the release of salt deposits through vertical slots into the drainage runoff.

 A significant role in the implementation of the technological process is provided by technological windows 15-19. The latter on the sidewalls 12 and 13 are stamped. Burrs - deformed edges re-cut the walls of the slots, giving them the appropriate alignment.

 The presented design of the gap generator provides a reduction in energy consumption by 20-30% compared to the serial SchN-2-140 slot machine. The service life of the declared working body is 210-230 ha when processing crops of legumes (alfalfa of the fourth year of growth).

Claims (1)

 A tool for treating saline soils, including a slotting machine in the form of paws inclined to the horizon, mounted by racks with an offset to the side, characterized in that the racks are mutually connected by a horizontal knife installed in the middle part, the aforementioned knife and each of the racks have detachable blades different from the direction of movement mounted in the grooves of the uprights and knife and fixed in them with pins, the uprights and knife are formed by sidewalls and gaskets, each of the sidewalls of the uprights and knife is made as a single part, while cial parts of the side uprights and horizontal plane blade provided with technological windows.

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